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Harish Chander Dutt,Surjeet Singh,Bharathi Avula,Ikhlas A. Khan,Yashbir S. Bedi 한국식품영양과학회 2012 Journal of medicinal food Vol.15 No.2
Caralluma fimbriata extract has received Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) status for use as a nutraceutical to combat the most serious public health concern (i.e., obesity). More than 260 species grouped under the genus Caralluma (Family Apocynaceae) are distributed in tropical Asia and Mediterranean regions of the globe. Ethnobotanically,some species have been used as traditional and modern dietary ingredients to suppress appetite. Many species of Caralluma are commonly used as traditional medicine for the treatment of rheumatism, diabetes, leprosy, paralysis, and inflammation and have antimalarial, antitrypanosomal, anti-ulcer, antioxidant, antinociceptive, and antiproliferative activities. The genus is known for compounds like pregnane glycosides, flavonoid glycoside, flavones, magastigmane glycosides, pregnane steroids,steroidal glycosides, saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons, aromatic and nonaromatic volatile compounds, and b-sitosterol. An extract of C. fimbriata (Slimaluna, Gencor Nutrients, Anaheim, CA, USA) is used as an anti-obesity agent and appetite suppressor. It is also seen that the pregnane glycosides isolated and identified from African Hoodia are reported as anti-obesity and appetite-suppressant compounds. On reviewing the studies undertaken on the chemistry, pharmacology, and therapeutic potential of Caralluma, it is concluded that the genus is also composed of pregnane glycosides as one of the major constituents. Availability of pregnane glycosides in Caralluma is an indication of the appetite-suppressant property of this genus. This coupled with the GRAS status of the extract of C. fimbriata has opened the possibility of developing an anti-obesity/appetite-suppressant product from other species of Caralluma. The main objective of this article is to review the studies undertaken on the plant in light of further research for anti-obesity drugs and nutraceuticals from species of Caralluma.
Lee, Yeonju,Jung, Jae-Chul,Ali, Zulfiqar,Khan, Ikhlas A.,Oh, Seikwan Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2012 Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medic Vol.2012 No.-
<P>Blue cohosh has been used as a medicinal herb in eastern North America. It was commonly used as traditional medicines for the treatment of menopausal symptoms, rheumatic pain, and as anti-inflammatory remedy. Particularly, extract of blue cohosh roots has been used as anti-inflammatory antipyretic in traditional medicines. In the present study, we investigated the effects of blue cohosh components on the suppressive expression of iNOS or proinflammatory cytokines after the activation of microglia with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The expression of iNOS, TNF-<I><I>α</I></I>, IL-1<I><I>β</I></I>, and IL-6 was determined by western blotting or gene expression. Blue cohosh treatment suppressed the elevation of LPS-induced iNOS expression in a concentration-dependent manner in microglia cells. Blue cohosh constituents also suppressed the expression of TNF-<I><I>α</I></I>, IL-1<I><I>β</I></I>, and IL-6. In addition, blue cohosh extract suppressed the expression of COX-2, iNOS, and proinflammatory cytokines in adrenal glands of mice. These results demonstrate that constituents of blue cohosh exert anti-inflammatory effects through the inhibition of expression of iNOS and proinflammatory cytokines. Therefore, blue cohosh may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of inflammation-related diseases.</P>
Anti-Inflammatory and Neuroprotective Effects of Constituents Isolated from <i>Rhodiola rosea</i>
Lee, Yeonju,Jung, Jae-Chul,Jang, Soyong,Kim, Jieun,Ali, Zulfiqar,Khan, Ikhlas A.,Oh, Seikwan Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2013 Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medic Vol.2013 No.-
<P>To determine the biological activity of <I>Rhodiola rosea</I>, the protein expression of iNOS and proinflammatory cytokines was measured after the activation of murine microglial BV2 cells by LPS under the exposure of constituents of <I>Rhodiola rosea</I>: crude extract, rosin, rosarin, and salidroside (each 1–50 <I><I>μ</I></I>g/mL). The LPS-induced expression of iNOS and cytokines in BV2 cells was suppressed by the constituents of <I>Rhodiola rosea</I> in a concentration-dependent manner. Also the expression of the proinflammatory factors iNOS, IL-1<I><I>β</I></I>, and TNF-<I><I>α</I></I> in the kidney and prefrontal cortex of brain in mice was suppressed by the oral administration of <I>Rhodiola rosea</I> crude extract (500 mg/kg). To determine the neuroprotective effect of constituents of <I>Rhodiola rosea</I>, neuronal cells were activated by L-glutamate, and neurotoxicity was analyzed. The L-glutamate-induced neurotoxicity was suppressed by the treatment with rosin but not by rosarin. The level of phosphorylated MAPK, pJNK, and pp38 was increased by L-glutamate treatment but decreased by the treatment with rosin and salidroside. These results indicate that <I>Rhodiola rosea</I> may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of inflammation and neurodegenerative disease.</P>
Balancing antimicrobial performance with hemocompatibility in amphiphilic homopolymers
Zhu, Zhiyuan,Jeong, Gookyeong,Kim, Seung‐,Jin,Gadwal, Ikhlas,Choe, Youngson,Bang, Joona,Oh, Min‐,Kyu,Khan, Anzar,Rao, Jingyi John WileySons, Inc. 2018 Journal of polymer science Part A, Polymer chemist Vol.56 No.21
<P>This work establishes amphiphilic polymethacrylates as new antimicrobial candidates that can be synthesized through a combination of controlled free radical polymerization and sequential postpolymerization modification protocols. When conjugated with a polyethylene glycol segment, the block copolymers exhibit a balanced performance between high antibacterial activity and high hemocompatibility.</P>