확장된 객체 지향적 설계방법론에 관한 고찰

金晟愛,李聖周,李潤培 조선대학교 기초과학연구소 1990 自然科學硏究 Vol.13 No.1

The object-oriented approach views a system as a set of objects, each object having a set of well defined operations, and a transformation function that transforms the objects by performing operations on the objects. The Current object-oriented design methodology proposed by Booch is strictly object-oriented, as it concentrates on identifying the objects and the operations on the objects and places little emphasis on the transformation function. This approach is acceptable for smaller systems, but may not be suitable for Complex problems, where the transformation function may be fairly complex. For such systems the design methodology should explicitly adress the design of the transformation function. In this paper we have incorporated a top-down, refinement technique with the object-oriented design methodology in an effort to alleviate this limitation of the methodology.

정신분열병에서 Haloperidol과 Glycine 병용투여의 효과

윤충한,최소현,곽상곤,배석주,강윤형 용인정신의학연구소 1994 용인정신의학보 Vol.1 No.2

관상동맥 질환에서 CD14 유전자형에 따른 세균 및 Heat Shock Protein에 대한 반응의 차이

한주용,최수연,조현주,김화평,강현재,구본권,김남중,김효수,손대원,오병희,박영배,최윤식 대한감염학회 2007 감염과 화학요법 Vol.39 No.1

Background : CD14 is the receptor for lipopolysaccharides and heat shock protein (HSP), which has been suggested being associated with increased risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). We investigated whether the response to infectious agents or HSP is different according to CD14 polymorphism in Koreans. Materials and Methods : Antibody titers to Helicobacter pylori, Chlamydia pneumoniae, and human HSP60 (hHSP60) were measured in 48 patients with stable CAD and in 41 healthy controls by ELISA. CD14 genotype was determined by PCR and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) was measured. Results : Seropositivity to C. pneumoniae and H. pylori, and antibody titer to hHSP60 were not significantly associated with the presence of CAD. CD14 genotype distribution was 31 TT (35%), 43 CT (48%), and 15 CC (17%). To compare the response to the infectious organism and hHSP60, we divided study population into 3 groups; CAD patients with non-TT genotype (group I, n=30), CAD patients with TT genotype (group II, n=18), and normal controls (group III, n=41). Seropositivity to C. pneumoniae and H. pylori, and antibody titer to hHSP60 were not significantly different among 3 groups. Though hs-CRP level was significantly different among 3 groups, post-Hoc analysis showed that hs-CRP level was not significantly different between group I and group II (group I: 1.6[1.1-3.5] mg/L and group II: 0.35[0.1-2.0] mg/L). Conclusions : This study suggests that the inflammatory responses to infectious organisms and HSP do not differ according to the CD14 genotype in Koreans. 목적 : 만성적인 세균 감염이나 자가 면역 반응이 동맥경화와 연관되어 있다는 주장이 제기되어 왔다. CD14은 lipopolysaccharides (LPS)와 heat shock protein(HSP)의 수용체로 C(-260)→T 다형성이 관상동맥 질환의 위험과 관련되어 있다고 제안되어 왔다. 본 연구에서는 한국인에서 CD14 다형성에 따른 LPS와 HSP에 대한 반응성을 염증표지자를 측정하여 살펴보고자 하였다. 재료 및 방법 : 안정형 관상동맥 환자 48명과 정상 대조군 41명을 대상으로 Chlamydia pneumoniae, Helicobacter pylori 항체 및 인체 HSP60 (hHSP60) 항체 역가를 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) 방법으로 측정하였다. CD14 유전자형은 중합효소연쇄반응을 이용하여 결정하였고 hs-CRP를 측정하였다. 결과 : C. pneumonias 및 H. pylori 항체 양성 여부 및 항체 역가, 그리고 hHSP60에 대한 항체 역가는 안정형 관상동맥 질환의 유무와 유의한 상관관계는 없었다. CD14 유전자형의 분포는 TT 30명(39%), CT 31명(40%), 그리고 CC 16명(21%)이었다. 관상동맥 질환 군에서 TT 유전자형은 38%, 대조군에서는 32%로 TT 유전자형과 관상동맥 질환의 유무와는 유의한 상관관계가 발견되지 않았다(P>0.05). CD14 유전자형에 따라 C. pneumonias와 H.pylori 감염 및 hHSP60에 따른 반응에 차이가 있는지 여 부를 알아보기 위해, 관상동맥 질환 군을 다시 TT 유전자형 군과 non-TT 유전자형 군으로 나누어, 전체적으로 세군에서 항체 양성률과 역가를 비교하였다(I군: CD14 TT 유전자형을 가진 안정형 관상동맥 환자, II군: CD14 TT 유전자형을 가진 안정형 관상동맥 환자, III군: 정상 대조군). 세 군에서 C. pneumonias와 H. pylori 항체 양성률 및 hHSP60 항체 역가에는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 세 군사이에 hs-CRP 값에 유의한 차이가 있었지만, post-Hoc분석에서 II군의 hs-CRP 값이 I군에 비해 유의하게 높지는 않았다(0.35 [0.1-2.0] mg/L in group II vs. 1.6 [1.1-3.5]mg/L in group I, P>0.05). 결론 : 본 연구는 한국인에서 CD14 유전자형에 따라 LPS나 HSP에 대한 반응이 유의하게 다르지 않음을 시사한다.

Suggestions for writing SOPs for maintenance and calibration of GLP equipment

Ju-Hyun Bae,Hee-Jeong Ahn,Yun-Jung Ju,Jin-hee Kang,Kyu-Hyuk Cho 한국실험동물학회 2022 한국실험동물학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2022 No.7

Effect of Wash Treatments on Reducing Human Norovirus on Iceberg Lettuce and Perilla Leaf

BAE, JU-YUN,LEE, JEONG-SU,SHIN, MYOUNG-HEE,LEE, SOON-HO,HWANG, IN-GYUN International Association for Food Protection 2011 Journal of food protection Vol.74 No.11

<P>Human noroviruses (NoVs) are major causes of nonbacterial gastroenteritis; they are transmitted by food and water, as well as person-to-person. The consumption of contaminated raw or uncooked food such as vegetables and fruits has been identified as a common source of human NoV outbreaks. In an effort to understand the survival and persistence of human NoVs on fresh produce, the efficacy of washing treatments in the removal of human NoVs from vegetables was evaluated. This study used artificially contaminated vegetables (iceberg lettuce and perilla leaf), and washing was done with tap water for convenience. Wash treatments included immersion in water, rinsing with running water, and a combination of immersion and rinsing (treatments I to III, respectively). The effect of a class I detergent, a commercial product used for washing fruits and vegetables, was also evaluated (treatment IV). After the wash treatments, the remnants of human NoVs on samples were measured via real-time reverse transcriptase PCR. The results varied among treatments and by vegetable. For iceberg lettuce, a reduction of 0.9 log was noted in the treatment III group. The wash treatment was more effective in the perilla leaf samples: each treatment significantly reduced the numbers of human NoVs (0.69- to 1.29-log reduction). These data demonstrated that wash treatments reduced numbers of virus from the surfaces of the vegetables. Therefore, washing would seem to be a basic step in reducing numbers of virus in food preparation and in viral transmission routes.</P>

트렌드를 중심으로 본 냉장고 색채디자인의 사례 연구

배윤주(Bae Yun-Ju),박종서(Park Jong-Suh) 한국디자인학회 2010 한국디자인학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2010 No.5

회음부 성형수술의 여성의 성기능에 대한 효과

배지윤 ( Ji Yun Bae ),윤호주 ( Ho Ju Yun ),위지선 ( Ji Sun We ),최지향 ( Ji Hang Choe ),송민종 ( Min Jong Song ),조현정 ( Hyun Jung Cho ),정문영 ( Moon Young Jung ),조현희 ( Hyun Hee Jo ) 대한산부인과학회 2005 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.48 No.6

AUTOSAR OS 가상화를 통한 차량용 소프트웨어 OS 동작의 윈도우즈 시뮬레이션

배승주(Seung-Ju Bae),이태양(Tae-Yang Lee),윤필상(Pil-Sang Yun),김도연(Do-Yun Kim),정구민(Gu-Min Jeong) 한국자동차공학회 2019 한국자동차공학회 부문종합 학술대회 Vol.2019 No.5

이 논문에서는 RTOS 기반의 ATUOSAR OS를 윈도우 환경으로 가상화 하여, 타겟 보드 없이 AUTOSAR ASW(애플리케이션 소트프트웨어)의 OS 동작을 시뮬레이션 하는 방법을 제안 한다. AUTOSAR OS를 가상화 하기 위해 Task, Alarm, Counter, Resource, OS-Application, Appmode, Scheduler를 C언어를 기반으로 윈도우 환경에서 구현 하였다. 가상화된 OS를 바탕으로 ASW의 동작을 시뮬레이션 하기 위하여, ASW와 OS를 연결하는 RTE를 가상화 하였으며, OS 동작에 필요한 Task의 타이밍 정보, 연결된 인터페이스, 호출하는 Runnable 등의 정보를 자동으로 추출 할 수 있게 구성 하였다. 제안한 방법과 실제 타겟 보드를 이용한 EILS 방법을 비교하여 실제와 동일한 동작을 하는 것을 확인 했으며, 가상화를 통해 소프트웨어를 검증, 시뮬레이션 하는 방법은 EILS나 HILS 등과 비교하여 확장성이 좋고 데이터 로깅이 간편하며, 코드의 수정이 용이한 장점을 가진다.

일부 근로자들의 구강보건 인식 및 구강보건교육 필요도 조사

배승주 ( Seung Ju Bae ),김예황 ( Ye Hwang Kim ),정호진 ( Ho Jin Jung ),윤정원 ( Jung Won Yun ),윤나나 ( Na Na Yun ),이민경 ( Min Kyung Lee ),김혜진 ( Hye Jin Kim ),이정화 ( Jung Hwa Lee ) 대한예방치과·구강보건학회 2017 大韓口腔保健學會誌 Vol.41 No.2

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the correlation between oral health behaviors of workers by examining the oral health awareness and the need for oral health education. Methods: After the institutional review board approval, we surveyed industrial workers in Seoul, Gwangju, Changwon, and Goksung, in Korea, from July 19 to August 29, 2016. The final questionnaires (287 in total) were assessed using the SPSS 24.0 software for Windows (SPSS Inc. Chicago, IL, USA). The data were analyzed using frequency analysis, average, standard deviation, t-test, and the Pearson`s correlation coefficient. Results: Through the response of “yes” for the question, “oral health education experience,” we can see the respondents have high level of interest (P<0.001). And through the response of “yes” for the question, “Periodic oral Examination” and “regular scaling” and “oral care product use” we can see the respondents have high level of interest (P<0.001) and high importance (P<0.001), there was a statisti-cally significant difference. On analyzing the correlations between workers, there was positive correlation oral health `Interest` and `Importance` (r=0.598, P<0.001). Of the 287 participants, 80.1% indicated that they did not receive any previous oral health education, while 85.4% indicated a willingness to attend oral health education programs in the future. Of the 80.1% of participants with no prior oral health edu-cation, 60.0% indicated lack of oral health education because of few opportunities to participate in such programs. They most prefer “Oral Hygiene Management” 64.8% for education contents and choose “Direct-education by inviting Expert” as the best education method 75.6%. Conclusions: It is necessary to develop oral health education programs suitable for the industrial field characteristics for people in workplace, and to enhance and expand oral health education services in the workplace in order to maintain interest in oral health.

Vascular Calcifying Progenitor Cells Possess Bidirectional Differentiation Potentials

Cho, Hyun-Ju,Cho, Hyun-Jai,Lee, Ho-Jae,Song, Myung-Kang,Seo, Ji-Yun,Bae, Yeon-Hee,Kim, Ju-Young,Lee, Hae-Young,Lee, Whal,Koo, Bon-Kwon,Oh, Byung-Hee,Park, Young-Bae,Kim, Hyo-Soo Public Library of Science 2013 PLoS biology Vol.11 No.4

<▼1><P>Calcifying progenitor cells in blood vessels have the potential to differentiate into cells that either promote calcium accumulation or reverse accumulation, and treatment with PPAR? can shift the direction of this differentiation.</P></▼1><▼2><P>Vascular calcification is an advanced feature of atherosclerosis for which no effective therapy is available. To investigate the modulation or reversal of calcification, we identified calcifying progenitor cells and investigated their calcifying/decalcifying potentials. Cells from the aortas of mice were sorted into four groups using Sca-1 and PDGFRα markers. Sca-1<SUP>+</SUP> (Sca-1<SUP>+</SUP>/PDGFRα<SUP>+</SUP> and Sca-1<SUP>+</SUP>/PDGFRα<SUP>−</SUP>) progenitor cells exhibited greater osteoblastic differentiation potentials than Sca-1<SUP>−</SUP> (Sca-1<SUP>−</SUP>/PDGFRα<SUP>+</SUP> and Sca-1<SUP>−</SUP>/PDGFRα<SUP>−</SUP>) progenitor cells. Among Sca-1<SUP>+</SUP> progenitor populations, Sca-1<SUP>+</SUP>/PDGFRα<SUP>−</SUP> cells possessed bidirectional differentiation potentials towards both osteoblastic and osteoclastic lineages, whereas Sca-1<SUP>+</SUP>/PDGFRα<SUP>+</SUP> cells differentiated into an osteoblastic lineage unidirectionally. When treated with a peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ) agonist, Sca-1<SUP>+</SUP>/PDGFRα<SUP>−</SUP> cells preferentially differentiated into osteoclast-like cells. Sca-1<SUP>+</SUP> progenitor cells in the artery originated from the bone marrow (BM) and could be clonally expanded. Vessel-resident BM-derived Sca-1<SUP>+</SUP> calcifying progenitor cells displayed nonhematopoietic, mesenchymal characteristics. To evaluate the modulation of in vivo calcification, we established models of ectopic and atherosclerotic calcification. Computed tomography indicated that Sca-1<SUP>+</SUP> progenitor cells increased the volume and calcium scores of ectopic calcification. However, Sca-1<SUP>+</SUP>/PDGFRα<SUP>−</SUP> cells treated with a PPARγ agonist decreased bone formation 2-fold compared with untreated cells. Systemic infusion of Sca-1<SUP>+</SUP>/PDGFRα<SUP>−</SUP> cells into Apoe<SUP>−/−</SUP> mice increased the severity of calcified atherosclerotic plaques. However, Sca-1<SUP>+</SUP>/PDGFRα<SUP>−</SUP> cells in which PPARγ was activated displayed markedly decreased plaque severity. Immunofluorescent staining indicated that Sca-1<SUP>+</SUP>/PDGFRα<SUP>−</SUP> cells mainly expressed osteocalcin; however, activation of PPARγ triggered receptor activator for nuclear factor-κB (RANK) expression, indicating their bidirectional fate in vivo. These findings suggest that a subtype of BM-derived and vessel-resident progenitor cells offer a therapeutic target for the prevention of vascular calcification and that PPARγ activation may be an option to reverse calcification.</P></▼2><▼3><P><B>Author Summary</B></P><P>Atherosclerosis involves hardening of the arteries and can lead to heart disease. Calcium accumulation in blood vessels contributes to this process, and this process is regulated by cells that promote calcium accumulation (osteoblasts) and cells that reverse the accumulation (osteoclasts). In this study, we show that vascular calcifying progenitor cells in the blood vessel have the potential to become either osteoblasts or osteoclasts, and that a drug can push these cells towards becoming osteoclasts instead of osteoblasts. Progenitor cells that express both Sca-1 and PDGFRα cell surface proteins were more committed to differentiate into osteoblasts, while cells that only expressed Sca-1 could differentiate into osteoblasts or osteoclasts in a bidirectional manner. Moreover, treatment with a PPARγ agonist could shift the direction of differentiation of Sca-1<SUP>+</SUP>/PDGFRα<SUP>−</