구강균에 대한 각종 한약제의 증식 억제

정영건,지원대,김성영,곽동주,서수교,백경연 한국위생과학회 1997 한국위생과학회지 Vol.3 No.1

The effect of oriental medicines an the growth of oral bacteria(B. pumilus JU4, B. coagulans JU6, B. subtilis var globigii JU7 and B. subtilis var. globigii JU9) which were isolated from teeth, gums and tongues of patients was investigated. lt was shown that the water extracts of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. var. glandulifera Regel et Zucc., Schizandrae Fructus and Coptidis Rhizoma have the strong antimicrobial activity against every test organism. Especially, the water extract of Schizandrae Fructus has the most antimicrobial activity against all test bacteria of which MIC were the same as 0.25%. The growth of oral bacteria B. pumilus JU4 was inhibited by addition of the water extracts of Glycyrrhizae Radix, Schizandrae Fructus and Coptidis Rhizoma in the concentration of 0.9%, 0.2% and 0.1% respectively. It was tested that specific growth rates of B. pumilus JU4 in each concentration of the water extracts of Glycyrrhizae Radix, Schizandrae Fructus and Coptidis Rhizoma. From the results, the test showed that mean of specific growth rates of B. pumilus JU4 decreased 102%, 186% and 210% in 3% concentration of the water extracts of Glycyrrhizae Radix, Schizandrae Fructus and Coptidis Rhizoma more than those in control respectively.

흰쥐 시상에서 Epidermal growth factor receptor면역반응 신경세포의 생후 발달에 관한 연구

박영란,정윤영,김종중,문정석,오재욱,정영욱,김주수 조선대학교 2003 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.28 No.1

Background and Objectives : Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a 170-kDa transmembrane glycoprotein, appears to mediate epidermal growth factor (EGF) activity. Transforming growth factor-α and EGF produce their biological effects in numerous systems by stimulating the EGFR In this study, we examine the postnatal development of EGFR immunoreactivity in the different regions of the thalamus of the rat Materials and Methods : The present study is based on 28 postnatal cases of rat thalamus ranging from the day of birth, postnatal day 0 (P0) to 30 days (P3, P5, P10, P15, P20, P30), and these cases were compared with adult rat thalamus. Cryostat sections were processed free-floating with monoclonal antibody by immunohistochemistry Results : EGFR immunoreactivity in the thalamus of the rat showed very different patterns according to postnatal ages and thalamic areas. EGFR-immunoreactive cells appeared in the first two postnatal weeks, except the ventral posterior thalamic nuclei. In the early postnatal days, EGFR-immunoreactive cells appeared thalamic midline structures, increased progressively in the first two postnatal weeks, and followed mediolateral gradient. The mature patterns of EGFR-immunoreactive cells were achieved at P20 Conclusion : These data indicate that the maturation of EGFR-immunoreactive cells requires a relatively prolonged period of time to achieve an adult configuration. Many growth factors probably play protective or neurotrophic roles at EGFR-immunoreactive neurons of thalamus both young and adult rats In addition to difference in time of appearance in thalamic nuclei and developing pattern with mediolateral gradient suggest that EGFR-immunoreactivities are correlated with the appearance of the related functional.

자발성 뇌내출혈 환자의 비위관 제거시기에 관한 연구

김명희,김영희,김영미,주영희,이윤미,정은혜 성인간호학회 2001 성인간호학회지 Vol.13 No.1

Dysphagia is common and serious problem in intracerebral hemorrhage patients. Nasogastric-tube incubation is an important method for dysphagic patients who have an intracerebral hemorrhage. But many discomforts develope in patients with a nasogastric-tube. Therefore, it is necessary to decide when to remove the tube and as early as possible. The purpose of this study is to decide the applying time of training program to facilitate deglution for dysphagic patients who have intracerebral hemorrhage. Among the 343 patients with intracerebral hemorrhage who had been admitted to P-university hospital from April, 1994 to December, 1998, the medical record of the 110 patients with nasogastric tube were reviewed retrospectively. Results from the study were as follows : 1.Nasogastric tube insert duration of improved patients was a mean of 23.2 days 2.When a L-tube was inserted and removed, the L.O.C. of improved patients was 2.6±0.8(in the midst of stupor or a semicoma). 1.9±0.5(close to drowsy), respectively This was signifcantly different(p=0.000). 3.When a L-tube was inserted and removed, GCS of improved patients was 9.3±2.9. 12.1±2.2 respectively This was significantly different (p=0.000). 4.The duration of nasogastric tube insertion was the longest when in a stupor(L.O.C), 6 ∼8 points(GCS).

모체 Thyroxine 투여가 태아알코올효과를 가진 흰쥐 대뇌겉질 및 해마에서 NPY함유 신경세포의 생후 발달에 미치는 영향

김복,박상기,박영란,김종중,문정석,김주수,문영민,현영식,천관영,정윤영 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 2005 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.30 No.2

Background and Objectives: Maternal alcohol abuse is considered to be one of the most prominent cause of neurobiological malformations in the postnatal and adult life of the offspring. In this study, we investigated the effects of maternal alcohol drinking on the postnatal development of NPY-containing neuron, and, the influence of thyroxine treatment on the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of pups of alcohol abused mother. Materials and Method: Time-pregnant rats were divided into three groups. Alcohol-fed group A received 35 calories of liquid alcohol diet daily from gestation day 6; control pair-fed group B was fed a liquid diet in dextrin replaced alcohol isocalorically: alcohol + T4 group C received 35 calories liquid alcohol diet and exogenous thyroxine subcutaneously. Results: Group C showed prominent NPY immunoreactivity in the cerebral cortex compared to group A and B at P7. In group C, NPY-containing neurons were widely distributed in the all layers of cerebral cortex after P14. Besides, numerical decrease of NPY-containing neuron as age increases was not found in group C. However, the decrease of NPY-containing neuron was clearly observed in group A compared to group C after P14. In hippocampus, group Band C were appeared similar patterns after P7. Additionally, in group C, NPY immunoreactivity was prominently appeared in CA2 and CA3 at P14 as compared to group B. Conclusions: The present results showed the increase of intensity and number of NPY-containing neurons in cerebral cortex and hippocampus of pups of exogenous T₄ supplemented alcohol-exposed dams as compared to control pair-fed and alcohol-exposed pups at P7. It presumably suggest that NPY-containing neurons might be regulated by the early postnatal growth stimulatory effect of the exogenously supplemented T₄. Therefore, the increase of NPY synthesis caused by maternal administration of exogenous thyroxine may ameliorate fetal alcohol effect, one of the ill effects as a result of the dysthyroid state following maternal alcohol abuse.

한국어판 예일 틱 증상 평가척도 : 신뢰도 및 타당도 연구

정선주,이정섭,유태익,구영진,전성일,김봉석,홍강의 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.5

목 적 : 틱 증상의 심한 정도를 평가하기 위한 도구인 예일 틱 증상 평가척도(Yale Global Tic Severity Scale)를 한국판 가정 평가용 설문지 및 임상 평가용 척도로 개발하기 위하여 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방 법 : 예일 틱 증상 평가척도는 뚜렛 장애 및 기타 틱 장애에서 나타나는 운동틱과 음성틱 각각의 증상의 수, 빈도, 심한 정도, 복합성, 방해 정도 및 장해도를 포괄적으로 평가하도록 고안되어져 있다. 틱 증상을 주소로 정신과외래를 방문한 만 4.3세에서 19세까지의 100명의 환아 및 부모들을 대상으로 한국어로 번역한 예일 틱 증상 평가척도의 가정평가용 설문지를 평가전에 완료하도록 한 후, 면담을 통한 임상평가용 척도를 실시하였으며 수렴타당도 및 변별타당도의 검증을 위해 총괄적인 임상 인상척도-뚜렛 증후군, 강박장애, 주의력결립/과잉운동장애(Clinical Global Impression-TS, OCD, ADHD)를 시행하였다. 결 과 : 자료분석결과 내적일치도, 수렴타당도, 변별타당도 및 검사자간 신뢰도 모두 매우 높게 나타났으며 요인분석상 전 항목척도와 장해도는 운동틱과 음성틱에 해당하는 2개의 요인으로 묶여졌다. 결 론 : 본 연구결과 한국판 예일 틱 증상 평가척도의 높은 타당도 및 신뢰도가 입증되었으며 이는 향후 틱 증상의 객관적인 평가 및 정량화를 위해 유용하게 사용되어질 수 있을 것이다. Objectives : This study was carried out to develop the Korean form of Yale Global Tic Severity Scale(YGTSS)-family & clinical rating version. The severity of motor and phonic tics was rated according to five separate dimensions : number, frequency, intensity, complexity, and interference. Methods : The Korean form of YGTSS was applied to 100 children who visited psychiatric outpatient clinic with chief complaints of tic symptom. Together with YGTSS, Clinical Global Impression for Tourette's syndrome(CGI-TS), Obsessive-Compulsive disorder(CGI-OCD), Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder(CGI-ADHD) were administered to all subjects for examining convergent and discriminant validities. Results : We could confirm high internal consistency, convergent and discriminant validities and interrater reliability of YGTSS by analysing data from 100 children with tic disorder. In factor analysis, items were clustered to 2 factors which were identical to motor and phonic tic subscales. Conclusion : The results of this study indicate the Korean form of YGSS is a reliable and valid rating scale for rating tic symptom severity. It can be used to evaluate tic symptom objectively and to quantify the tic severity in the studies for tic disorder.

송아지고기 소시지와 시중에 판매되는 우육과 돈육 소시지 제품의 저장특성 비교

이주호, 최정석, 이현진, 정구용, 최양일 忠北大學校 農業科學硏究所 2013 農業科學硏究 Vol.29 No.1

This study was undertaken to compare the storage characteristics between veal sausage and commercial pork and beef sausages in Korean domestic market. We manufactured 3_types of sausages and purchased 2_types of sausages in the market: T1(B-company product), T2(O-company product) and we made T3(smoked veal sausage), T4(smoked veal sausage with pepper) and T5(cooked veal sausage) products. During 20 days of storage at 4oC, T5 showed significantly higher in TBA value and VBN value (p<0.05). But TBA and VBN values showed normal range in all products. T3, T4, and T5 showed higher total microbial count than T1 and T2 (p<0.05). According to the result, beef and pork sausages in the market showed different total microbial count and VBN values from those made in laboratory. This result could be come from the different additives used and manufacturing processes. However, all products can be stored up to 20 days in the cooler.

인천 논현동 일대 염습지의 식물다양성과 보존방안

정주영,이만우,조강현,최병희 한국환경생물학회 2000 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.18 No.3

해안생태공원 조성이 추진중인 인천광역시 논현동 일대 염습지의 식물상 및 식생을 1999년 6월부터 2000년 6월까지 조사하였다. 이 지역에는 소래포구의 조간대를 따라 발달한 자연염습지와 함께 조수가 차단된 폐염전이 있다. 이 지역에서 14종의 염생식물이 조사되었는데, 그중 해홍나물이 가장 많이 분포하고 있었으며, 그밖에 퉁퉁마디, 비쑥, 갯개미취 등도 많이 관찰되었다. 폐염전에서 관찰된 염생식물의 종류는 자연염습지에서 조사된 것과 매우 유사하였다. 그러나, 폐염전과 자연염습지 사이의 제방지역은 염습지 보다 다양한 종이 자라고 있었는데, 귀화식물도 21종이 관찰되었다. 자연염습지의 식생은 해홍나물-비쑥군집과 해홍나물군집으로 구성되어져 있으며 지역에 따른 큰 차이는 없었다. 한편, 폐염전에서는 해홍나물-퉁퉁마디, 나문재-해홍나물, 갈대-애기부들, 갈대군집 등 다양한 군집이 조사되었다. 식생상관과 종다양도에 기초하여 조사지역을 식생양호지역, 인간활동에 따른 교란지역, 식물고사지역 등의 세 구역으로 나눌 수 있었으며, 해안생태공원 조성에 따른 각 구역의 보존대책을 제시하였다. The flora and vegetation of salt marsh region in Nonhyun-dong, Incheon were investigated from June 1999 to June 2000. The surveyed region includes the several abandoned salt farms and natural salt marshes developing along the intertidal zone at the stream of the Sorae Inlet, Yellow Sea and is going to be constructed a costal ecopark. In this survey 14 species of halophytes were collected in the region, among them Suaeda maritima is the most common one, Salicornia herbacea, Artemisia scoparnia and Aster tripolium are also observed popularly. The flora of the abandoned salt farms is very similar to that of the natural salt marshes. However, the bank areas between the abandoned salt farms and the natural salt marshes showed more richness of species diversity including 21 naturalized plants. The vegetations on the natural salt marshes are mainly composed of Suaeda maritima-Artemisia scoparnia and Suaeda maritima communities. On the other hand, various plant communities were investigated in the abandoned salt farms such as Suaeda maritima-Salicornia herbacea, Phragmites communis-Typha angustata, Suaeda asparagoides-Suaeda maritima and Phragmites communis communities. Based on the plant physiognomy and species diversity, the region can be divided into three types of area for conservation, that is, the area composed of well-developed vegetation, disturbed one by human activities and plant withering area. Futhermore, according to the construction of the costal ecopark in the region the conservation scheme for each area was discssed.

제2형 당뇨병 환자에서 비만 지수와 죽상경화증 위험인자들과의 상관성

정병천,박순홍,이주영,이신원,정성창,김정국,하승우,김보완 대한비만학회 2003 The Korean journal of obesity Vol.12 No.2

연구배경: 비만은 제2형 당뇨병의 중요한 병인이면서 죽상경화성 동맥질환의 위험인자인 인슐린 저항성, 지질대사 이상 및 고혈압의 원인으로도 인정되고 있다. 한편 비만에 의한 대사성 및 혈관 합병증은전신적 지방량의 증가보다 복강내 지방축적이 병인적 중요성을 가지고 있다고 한다 그러나 국내의 제2형 당뇨병 환자를 차상으로 비만과 이들 죽상경화증 위험인자와의 상관관계를 연구 조사한 성적은 많지않다. 이에 제2형 당뇨병 환자에서 전신적 비만과 복강내 지방 축적을 반영하는 각각의 신체계측지수들과 죽상경화증 위험인자와의 상관성을 검토함으로써 국내 제2형 당뇨병 환자의 비만도가 대사성 및 혈관성 합병증에 미치는 영향과 신체계측지수들의 임상적 가치를 평가하고자 하였다. 방법 : 제2형 당뇨병 환자 425명 (남자 196명, 여자 229명)을 차상으로 하였다 임상적 단백뇨가 있거나 인슐린 치료, 혈압강하제 또는 지질대사개선제를 복용하는 환자는 제외시켰다. 전신 비만은 체용적지수 그리고 피부두겹 두께로 산출한 체지방률을, 복강내 지방축적도는 허리둘레 및 요둔위비를 이용하였다. 죽상경화증의 위험인자로는 혈당 조절 정도를 나타내는 공복 혈당과 당화혈색소 농도, 인슐린 저항성을 나타내는 공복 인슐린 및 C-peptide 농도, 지질 대사 상태를 나타내는 총 콜레스테롤, 중성지방, 고밀도지단백 콜레스테롤 및 저밀도지단백 콜레스테롤 농도 그리고 수축기 및 이완기 혈압을 선택하였다. 전신 비만지수 및 복부 비만지수와 이들 위험인자와의 상관관계는 연령과 당뇨병 이환기간을 보정하고 편상관분석법을 사용하였다. 결과: 1 여성군에서 남성군에 비해 체용적지수(24.2 대 23.0kg/㎡, p<0.01) 및 체지방률(23.8 대13.5%, p<0.01)은 다소 높았으나 허리둘레 (87.0 대 85.8 cm)와 요둔위비 (0.96 대 0.96)는 차이가 없었다. 2. 인슐린 저항성을 반영하는 공복 인슐린 및 C-peptide 농도는 체용적지수. 체지방률, 허리둘레 및 요둔위비가 커질수록 증가하는 양의 상관관계를 보였다(상관차수 0.21∼0.42, 모두 p<0.05). 3. 혈청 지질중에는 고밀도지단백 콜레스테롤만이 남성 환자군에서 비만지수들과 약한 음의 상관성을 보이는 경향이었고, 총 콜레스테롤 및 중성지방농도는 상관성이 없었다. 4. 수축기 및 이완기 혈압은 남성군에서만 체용적지수. 체지방률, 허리둘레 및 요둔위비가 커질수록 상승하는 양의 상관관계를 보였다(상관차수 0.21∼0.33, 모두 p.0.05). 결론. 국내 제2형 당뇨병 환자들의 전신 비만도 및 복부 비만도가 서구인에 비해 심하지는 않으나 포도당 대사, 인슐린 저항성, 지질 대사 및 고혈압에 위해한 영향을 미칠 수 있는 수준에 이르고 있으며 이는 결국 죽상경화증의 위험인자로도 작용하게 될 것임을 시사한다고 하겠다. 그리고 신체계측을 통한전신 비만 및 복부 비만 지수 모두가 당뇨병 및 죽상경화증의 위험을 간접적으로 예견하는 유용한 척도가 될 수 있을 것이다. Background: Obesity is the powerful risk factor for type 2 diabetes and also associated with a significantly increased risk of insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hypertension and atherosclerosis. Although obese individuals have these diseases, the relationship between obesity and these diseases was not certain until regional fat distribution was taken into account. Reports about the relationship between obesity and the risk factors of atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetics in Korea are very rare. To evaluate the relative importance of anthropometric indices on the development of atherosclerosis and obesity-related metabolic and vascular complications, the correlations of these indices with the risk factors for atherosclerosis were studied. Methods: Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (n=425, male 196, female 229) who not used antihy- pertensives or anti-lipidemic agents were investigated. Body mass index (BMI) and percentage of body fat (%BF) estimated by skinfold-thickness in assessing generalized adiposity, and waist circumference (Wc) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) in assessing visceral adiposity were taken as anthropometric indices. We included the indicators of glycemic control (fasting blood sugar and HbAlc), insulin resistance (fasting serum insulin and C-peptide concentrations), lipid abnormalities (serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol concentrations), and systolic and diastolic blood pressure as risk factors for the development of atherosclerosis. Partial correlations of the anthropometric indices with those risk factors were investigated with adjustment of age and duration of illness. Results: 1. BMI and %BF in female patients group were higher than those in male (24.2 vs 23.0 kg/㎡, 23.8 vs 13.5%, respectively, p<0.01 in all) although Wc and WHR were similar between both groups. In general, both body adiposity and abdominal obesity in them were much lower than in the Western. 2. Serum insulin and C-peptide levels were positively correlated with BMI, %BF, Wc and WHR (r=0.21~42, p<0.05 in all). 3. Serum total cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL- cholesterol were not correlated with any anthropometric indices. A weak negative correlation of serum HDL-cholesterol with these indices was found in male patients group. 4. Both systolic and diastolic blood pressures were positively correlated with all these indices only in male group (r=0.21~33, p<0.05 in all). Conclusion: These results suggested that the severity of both generalized and visceral adiposity in these patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were only mild but adiposity with abdominal distribution of body fat in diabetes mellitus could be a significant risk factor of developing atherosclerosis. In clinical practice, these anthropometric indices indicating general adiposity and abdominal obesity may provide useful information for predicting disease risks, especially of diabetes and cardio- vascular disease indirectly.

Zen 수행의 본질이 체육교육에 미치는 관계

정의권,김용주,송대섭 中央大學校 韓國敎育問題硏究所 2001 韓國敎育問題硏究所論文集 Vol.- No.16

The purpose of this study is to present rationable for rationable for understanding and development of physical education by re-examining the foundation of motor experience from the contents of Zen Discipline as general Eastern view. Under this goal, the self-awareness: the nature of the discipline, the Zen and body-min training; and the motor skill acquisition were set forth by approaching the contents of Physical education for this study to accomplish. As one of the many thoughts of Buddhism, the Zen thoughts most emphatically insists on one's inner spiritual enlightenment, and there are no rational metaphysics and no religious enlightenment and self-awareness. While Zen has no thought system of its own and refuses to commit itself to any specified pattern of thinking, it does employ a unique method of body-mind training. Part of the Zen discipline involves meditation and focusing the mind on the body. Zen discipline is based on intuition rather than analysis, that is ascetic excercise and practice rather than theory. The body is given great attention in the Zen discipline because it is the source of experience and subsequent self-awareness. It is also important because the body can provide the discipline for a transformation of character. Zen discipline is based on intuition rather than analysis, that is ascetic excercise and practice rather than theory. Therefore the human and world is considered form. the organic and unfricative view, and is said that body and mind is the same. In relation to this, the Zen discipline studying human movement has solved the problems in superficial studies of Physical education which has done by the encampment of technological of human movement. It will also provide the possibility of physical education that is related to human movement and life. It is not only in basic concept that physical education should be update. Innovations should be introduced to all components of physical education goals should be redefined; contents should be reorganized' and new methods should be explored in teaching

ㆆ의 기능과 그 음가고

정영주 건국대학교 1982 論文集 Vol.15 No.1

「ㆆ」 was the phonetic symbol standing for Ib-Sung with a prosodic feature under the chinese character, and since 「 ㆆ 」 was not in reality in the chinese character or korean in the fifteenth century. 「 ㆆ 」 was the phonetic symbol of the pronunciation of Ib-Sung under 「ㄹ」 in the Chinese character, but it is considered the symbol inserted in the Korean language automatically irrespective of the real sound from the point of 「 ㆆ 」 having to be inserted into under 「ㄹ」 in the Korean language as well, therefore, sound ralue of it is thought Of as the vocal chord-straining sound considering in Chae-Ja-Hae or Chong-Sung-Hae of Hun Min Jeoung Eum.