The Influence of AH-26 and Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Root Canal Sealer on the Shear Bond Strength of Composite Resin to Dentin

Cho, Ju-Yeon,Jin, Myoung-Uk,Kim, Young-Kyung,Kim, Sung Kyo 大韓齒科保存學會 2006 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.31 No.3

AH-26 근관실러가 상아질에 대한 복합레진의 전단결합강도에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위하여 144개의 발거된 대구치를 실린더형의 몰드에 매식한 다음 치관부의 상아질 표면을 노출시킨 후 편평하게 연마하고 AH-26을 도포한 군, ZOE paste를 도포한 군 및 실러를 도포하지 않은 대조군으로 나누어 One-step 상아질 접착제를 처리한 후에 Charisma (Heraeus Kulzer, Germany) 복합레진을 적용하고 광중합시켰다. 시편을 분리하여 37℃ 항온조에 24시간 보관후 Instron test machine (Model 4202, Instron Corp., USA)을 이용하여 시편의 전단 결합 강도를 측정하고 one-way ANOVA 및 Tukey's studentized rank test로 통계 분석하였다. AH-26 근관실러로 처리한 군과 대조군은 ZOE 근관실러 처리군에 비해 유의하게 놓은 접착강도를 나타내었다 (p<0.05). AH-26 근관실러 처리군과 아무 처리하지 않은 대조군 사이에는 결합강도에 있어 유의한 차이를 나타내지 않았다 (p>0.05). 본 연구의 조건에서는 ZOE 근관실러는 상아질에 대한 복합레진의 전단결합강도를 저하시키는 반면 AH-26 근관실러는 유의한 영향을 미치지는 않는 것으로 보인다. 따라서 임상에서 근관실러로 AH-26을 사용한 근관충전 후에는 즉시 복합레진 코어를 해 주어도 결합력에 저해가 없을 것으로 여겨진다. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of the AH-26 root canal sealer on the shear bond strength of composite resin to dentin. One hundred and forty four (144) extracted, sound human molars were used. After embedding in a cylindrical mold, the occlusal part of the anatomical crown was cut away and trimmed in order to create a flat dentin surface. The teeth were randomly divided into three groups; the AH-26 sealer was applied to the AH-26 group, and zinc-oxide eugenol (ZOE) paste was applied to the ZOE group. The dentin surface of the control group did not receive any sealer. A mount jig was placed against the surface of the teeth and the One-step dentin bonding agent was applied after acid etching. Charisma composite resin was packed into the mold and light cured. After polymerization, the alignment tube and mold were removed and the specimens were placed in distilled water at 37℃ for twenty four hours. The shear bond strength was measured by an Instron testing machine. The data for each group were subjected to one-way ANOVA and Tukey's studentized rank test so as to make comparisons between the groups. The AH-26 group and the control group showed significantly higher shear bond strength than the ZOE group (p<0.05). There were no significant differences between the AH-26 group and the control one (p>0.05). Under the conditions of this study, the AH-26 root canal sealer did not seem to affect the shear bond strength of the composite resin to dentin while the ZOE sealer did. Therefore, there may be no decrease in bond strength when the composite resin core is built up immediately after a canal filling with AH-26 as a root canal sealer.

광장공포증 동반유무에 따른 공황장애의 임상적 차이 연구

조주연,이길홍,이영식 大韓神經精神醫學會 1995 신경정신의학 Vol.34 No.4

To investigate certain differences in sociodemographic characteristics and clinical feature between panic disorder with agoraphobic patients and panic disorder without agoraphobic ones, this study was done. The subjects were 46 panic patients(27 were agoraphobic patients and 19 were without agoraphobic ones). Data was processed by computer using SAS program and was statisticaly analysed by Fisher's exact test, t-test Wilcoxon rank sum test. The results were as follows: 1) Agoraphobic group had more family pathology than without agoraphobic group. 2) Agoraphobic group had more frequent panic attack episodes and more severe step of panic disorder than without agoraphobic group. 3) In both group, the most frequent manifestation of panic symptom was palpitation. 4) IN comparison of two groups, the only symptom that were significantly different was dyspnea.

정신분열증환자의 혈장 Homovanillic Acid 농도와 치료반응과의 관계

조주연,기백석,박두병 大韓神經精神醫學會 1996 신경정신의학 Vol.35 No.3

In order to see whether the plasma homovanillic acid(HVA) levels can be adopted as a predictive biological marker reflecting therapeutic response of haloperidol, the authors measured HVA levels in 10 shchizophrenic patient and analyzed their relationship to therapeutic response. The measurement of plasma HVA level were carried out with high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) before and after 7, 28days of treatment and the therapeutic response were assessed with Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale(BPRS) before and after 28days of treatment. The results of this study were as follows. 1) Plasma HVA levels after 7 days of treatment were significantly increased as compared to baseline plasma HVA levels and plasma HVA levels after 28 days of treatment were significantly decreased compared to levels after 7 days of treatment. 2) Significant correlation was found between baseline plasma HVA levels and clinical improvement after 28 days of treatment. 3) There was significant correlation between increase in plasma HVA level after 7 days and clinical improvement after 28 days of treatment. But there was no significant correlations between decrement in plasma HVA level from 7 days to 28 days and clinical improvement after 28 days of treatment. Hence theses observations have led us to propose that the early changes in plasma HVA levels are predictive of eventual treatment response.

만성 화농성 중이염의 세균학적 고찰

조남순,이영훈,강기훈,최제환,송태현,이병돈,장혁순,강주원,김연준 순천향의학연구소;Soonchunhyang Medical Research Institute 2000 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.6 No.1

Background and Objectives : Chronic suppurative otitis media is one of the frequent diseases in otolaryngologic field. It is important to choose of antibiotics in the management of infectious disease. But the organisms in infections have been changed and resistance to antibiotics has been grown as the development of antibiotics has been achieved. And so it has been necessary to recognize the changes of organisms and resistance in antibiotics. Our study was performed to identify the pathogens isolated from discharges in chronic otitis media and evaluate the antibiotic agents, to recognize the change of to resistance to·antibiotic agents and to use the appropriate anitiotics. Materials and Methods : Retrospectively, authors reviewed the backeriologic study of 114 cases of chronic suppurative otitis media who visited the Department of Otolaryngology, Soonchunhyang University in Seoul from Nov. 1996 to Oct. 1999 and analyzed 101 strains and its sensitivity test to various antibiotics. Result : In 93 cases in which pathogenic organism was isolated, single infection was 85 cases(91.4%) and mixed infection was 8 cases(8.6%). The most frequent pathogenic organism was Staphylococcus aureus(59.4%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa(13.9%), Providencia(4.8%), Alcaligenes(3.0%) and Streptococcus pneumoniae(2.9%) were the next. Methicilline-Resistance Staphylococcus aureus was 34 cases(57.6%) of Staphylococcus aureus. Staphylococcus aureus was sensitive to Vancomycin(96.7%), Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole (57.6%), Cefuroxime(42.4%) and Ciprofloxacin(40.7%) but resistant to Penicillin(94.9%). Pseudomonas aeruginosa was sentitive Amikacin(100%), Ciprofloxacin(100%) and Gentamicin(67%). Conclusion : As MRSA recently was wide spread in community accquired infection as well as nosocomial infection, we must consider strict control of MRSA.

2003년 5월의 연무 관측시 에어로졸의 기상·물리·화학 특성

임주연,전영신,조경미,이상삼,신혜정 한국대기환경학회 2004 한국대기환경학회지 Vol.20 No.5

Severe haze, mist, and fog phenomena occurred in the central part of Korea during 15~25 May 2003 resulted in poor visibility and air quality. When these phenomena occurred, Korean peninsula was under the effects of anticyclone. The atmosphere was stable, and wind speed was so weak. Under this meteorological conditions, air quality was worse and worse. The characteristics of aerosol in Seoul, Incheon, and Gosan (Jeju) during this period are investigated from the PM_(10). TSP concentrations and aerosol number concentrations. Concentrations of PM_(10) and TSP measured at KMA increased upto 176 and 230㎍/㎥ on 22 May 2003, respectively. Aerosol number concentrations of size range from 0.82 to 6.06 ㎛ increased in Seoul on 17, 19, and 21~24 May 2003, and the concentrations of NO₂ and SO₂had maximum value of 0.165 ppm at Gwanak Mt. and 0.036 ppm at Guro-dong on 23 May 2003, respectively. Result from analysis on heavy metal elements showed high concentrations of Zn, Pb, Cr, Ni, Cu, and Cd during 20~24 May 2003. This event is examined by comprehensive analyses of synoptic weather conditions, satellite images, concentrations of suspended particles and air pollutants, and heavy metal elements.

유치원 교사가 인식한 현장문제에 관한 연구

김희태,조주연 啓明大學校 生活科學硏究所 2005 科學論集 Vol.31 No.-

The purpose of this study was to investigate the on-site problems that preschool teachers acknowledged related to their work places. The issues of this study began with not only the incidence, difficulty and solution of the problems perceived by preschool teachers but their level of the problems. The subjects were 151 teachers working at several preschools in the city located in Southeast of Korea, who answered the questionnaire. The results were as follows: First, regarding the incidence of the on-site problems, system was the highest problem in frequency, followed by 'time management', 'control and discipline of children', 'achievement and ability development of teachers', 'relationship with superintendent', 'facility/equipment', and 'program'. Second, regarding the difficulty level of the on-site problems, the problem of 'system' was the highest in difficulty level. Third, regarding the incidence and difficulty level of each problem', developing children's basic life' was the highest in frequency in the problem of 'control and discipline of children'. Then, regarding the difficulty level of each problem, in the problem of 'control and discipline of children', 'prevention and confrontation of children's safety accidents' was the highest in difficulty. Fourth, regarding the way of solution for the on-site problems, teachers chose to 'solve the problem with the advice of fellow teachers' for the problem of 'control and discipline of children'; for the problem of 'program'. For the problem of 'relationship with superintendent', they chose to 'try to understand, endure, and accept despite suffering'and for the problem of 'relationship with colleagues', they chose to 'try to understand, endure, and accept despite suffering'. Also, for the problem of 'relationship with parents', they chose to 'master and apply effective personal relation skills'. In addition, for the problem of 'facility/equipment', they chose to 'actively request the superintendent to repair or purchase needed facility/ equipment'.

육군 병사들의 복무기간에 따른 불안, 우울 및 충동성에 대한 연구

이종훈,조주연 大韓神經精神醫學會 1999 신경정신의학 Vol.38 No.5

연구목적과 방법 : 저자는 군복무기간에 따른 우울, 불안, 충동성향을 평가하기 위하여 548명의 병사들에게 Beck의 우울척도(BDI), Zung이 개발한 자가평정 불안척도(SAS), Barratt이 개발한 충동성 검사(BIS)를 실시하였다. 일반 병사들은 다음과 같이 3군으로 나뉘어졌다. 제1군 : 군복무기간이 8개월이하인 병사 제2군 : 군복무기간이 9개월에서 16개월인 병사 제3군 : 군복무기간이 17개월이상인 병사 결 과 : 1) 제1군의 우울척도 총점(F value=3.60, p<.05)과 부정적 자기상/정신운동지연의 하부척도 점수(F value=5.82, p<.01)가 제2군의 것보다 의미있게 더 높았다. 2) 제1군의 자가평정 불안척도 점수가 다른 두 군에 비해서 의미있게 높았다(R value=5.80, p<.01). 3) 제1군의 총충동점수(F value=3.42, p<.05)와 운동충동점수(F value=3.29, p<.05)가 제3군에 비해 의미있게 높았다. 결 론 : 비록 병사들의 각 척도별 측정평균점수는 정상범위에 속할지라도, 이번 연구의 결과는 제1군의 경우 다른 두 군에 비해 더 우울하고, 불안하고, 충동적이라는 것을 말한다. 따라서 군복무기간중 사고를 방지하기 위해서, 우리는 군복무기간이 8개월 이하인 사병의 경우 더 많은 주의와 관심을 가지고 관리해야 되겠다. Objectives & Methods : The authors applied Beck's Depression Inventory(BDI), Self-rating Anxiety Scale(SAS) and Barratt Impulsiveness Scale(BIS) to 548 enlisted men to evaluate the differences of anxious, depressive and impulsive trends according to the duration of the military service. The enlisted men were divided into 3 groups as follows : Group 1 : those who had served under 8 months. Group 1 : those who had served from 9 to 16 months. Group 1 : those who had served over 17 months. Results : 1) The scores of BDI(F=3.60, p<.05) and negative self image and psychomotor retardation subscale(F=5.8, p<.01) of group 1 were significantly higher than those of group 2, respectively. 2) The SAS score of group 1 was significantly higher than that of others(F=5.80, p<.05). 3) The scores of total BIS(F=3.42, p<.05) and impulsiveness-motor subscale(F=3.29, p<.05) of group 1 were significantly higher than those of group 3, respectively. Conclusion : In spite of their scores were in normal range, these results suggest that the enlisted men of group 1 are more anxious, depressive and impulsive than those of the others. So we should give more attention to them and offer more concerns for them to protect the military accident.

한국인 정신분열병과 도파민 D5 수용체 유전자 연합연구

이민수,조주연,박두병,김준모 大韓神經精神醫學會 1999 신경정신의학 Vol.38 No.2

본 연구는 도파민D5 수용체 유전자와 정신분열병 병인과의 상관성을 밝히기 위하여 한국인 정신분열병 환자군 100명과 정상대조군 100명에서 다형성의 분포를 중합효소연쇄반응을 이용하여 연합연구를 시행하였다. 도파민 D5 수용체 유전자의 대립유전자는(CT/GT/GA)n의 반복으로 구성된 154, 152, 150, 148, 146, 144, 142, 140, 138, 134염기 쌍을 가진 11가지 종류였고 환자군과 정상대조군사이에 대립유전자의 분포는 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다. 각각의 대립유전자 빈도는 환자군에서 대립유전자 A10이 유의하게 감소되어 있었다. 환자군과 정상대조군의 유전자형 분포는 두 군간에 유의한 차이는 없었다. 본 연구의 결과는 도파민 D5 수용체 유전자가 한국인 정신분열병 발생의 취약성에 기여할 가능성이 있다는 것을 제시하지만 본 연구의 결과만으로는 이 유전자부위를 정신분열병의 유전적 결정인자로 결론 내리기는 어려우며 앞으로 더 많은 연구대상을 이용하여 이 도파민 D5 수용체 유전자부위에 대해 본 연구결과를 확인하는 연구가 계속적으로 이루어져야 할 것으로 생각된다. Objective : This study was performed to define the genetic relationship between the microsatellite (CT/GT/GA)n polymorphism for the dopamine D5 receptor gene and schizophrenia. An association study in 100 schizophrenic patients and 100 normal controls of Korean was made by means of using polymerase chain reaction. Results : The microsatellite(D5(CT/GT/GA)n) had 11 alleles. These was a significant difference in the allele distribution between schizophrenic and normal controls(p〈0.05). In schizophrenic patients, the frequency of allele A10 was decreased. As to the genotype distribution, there was no difference in both groups. Conclusions : This finding suggests that dopamine D5 gene is likely to be related to the development of schizophrenia in Korea but with only this result, we cannot come to the conclusion that this genetic locus is the genetic determinant of schizophrenia. Further studies of dopamine D5 receptor genetic locus that can confirm this result should be made.

한국판 청소년 상태 - 특성 분노표현척도의 표준화 연구

이영식,조주연 大韓神經精神醫學會 1999 신경정신의학 Vol.38 No.4

연구목적 : 저자들은 Spielberger의 상태-특성 분노표현 척도(State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory, 이하 STAXI라고 약칭)의 한국판 표준화개발을 위하여 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방 법 : 서울시내 남녀중학교 2학년, 남녀고등학교 2학년 416명을 대상으로 하였고 검사-재검사 신뢰도 검증을 위해 60명에게는 4주후 재검사를 시행하였다. 임상 청소년 집단으로는 행실장애 환자 35명이 참여하였다. 공존타당도를 알아보기 위하여 Achenbach의 아동행동평가표의 공격성 소척도, Barratt의 충동성척도를 함께 실시하였다. 결 과 : 1) 검사-재검사 신뢰도, 문항-전체일관성, 내적일관성등 신뢰도 측정면에서 만족스러운 수준이었으며 공격성, 충동성을 측정한 타 척도와의 공존타당도도 비교적 높았다. 2) 요인분석상 요인구성항목들은 원소척도와 다소 상이한 결과를 보여 분노 표현의 문화적 차이를 보여주었다. 3) 임상군에서 상태분노, 특성분노, 기질성 특성분노, 내향화된-분노, 외향화된-분노가 정상집단보다 유의하게 높았다. 4) 연령과 성별에 따른 차이는 모든 소척도가 고등학생이 중학생보다, 남자가 여자보다 높았다. 결 론 : 한국판 STAXI는 타당도 및 신뢰도가 높은 유용한 척도임이 입증되었다. 향후 다양한 임상집단과 일반청소년 집단을 대상으로 한 반복 연구뿐 아니라 본노표현 방식 차이에 관한 횡문화적 후속 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다. Objectives : The purpose of present study was to evaluate reliability and validity of Korean version of State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory(STAXI). Methods : We applied to 416 second graders of middle and high school students, and 35 clinical conduct disorder subjects. Test-retest reliability test was done to 60 subjects with 4 weeks interval. To evaluate concurrent validity, aggression subscore of Achenbach's CBCL and Barratt's Impulsiveness Scale were as applied. Results : The results were as follows. 1) Test-retest reliability, item-total correlation, and internal consistency were very satisfactory and concurrent validity with other scales was also good. 2) Anger expression scores were significantly increased by aging and males showed significantly higher scores than females. 3) Clinical population scored significantly higher than general population group in the level of anger expression. 4) In factror analysis, item composition of factors were somewhat different from those of original scales. Conclusion : The Korean version STAXI is validated and can be used usefully as evaluating anger of clinical adolescent population. Further research is needed for standardization in general population and clinical referred subjects. Finally, transcultural study should follow to find out difference of anger expression.

패션 브랜드 지면 광고의 문화적 포지셔닝 전략에 따른 색채사용

강은정;한솔비;조주연;이규해 한양대학교 2009 韓國 生活 科學 硏究 Vol.29 No.1

Brand advertisement can be effective when they can communicate with the customers who can share the culture and trend expressed through the advertisement. Therefore, the advertisers should be well aware of the possible target customer of the brand. Furthermore by making an advertisement that parallels cultural codes of the customers', it will be able to attract attentions from potential customers. This research analyzed the consumer culture positioning trends incorporated by female casual brands magazine advertisements, and examined the periodic changes and preferred colors for each different positioning type for the past five years. 345 magazine advertisements were classified into foreign consumer culture positioning and local consumer culture positioning types. Among the colors expressed in the advertisement, the color that occupied the largest visual area was selected as the main color of the advertisement. After chosen, the color was analyzed by Munsell's 10 hues and 12 tone classifications of PCCS (Practical Color Coordinate System). Ad with foreign consumer culture positioning counted for 281 taking the dominant portion, whereas local consumer culture positioning ad accounted for only 64. There were brands that implement culture positioning techniques than other brands. The 20 brands frequently applied foreign consumer culture positioning in their advertisements. The most frequently used hue was Red. Purple Blue was also common. In terms of value and intensity, dark grayish tone was also most commonly incorporated.