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Antonio Carlos Soares Pantaleão,Marcio Pinto de Castro,Krishynan Shanty Fernandes Meirelles Araujo,Carlos Frederico Ferreira Campos,André Luiz Alves da Silva,José Eduardo Ferreira Manso,João Carlos Ma 대한초음파의학회 2022 ULTRASONOGRAPHY Vol.41 No.4
Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the ability of ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) to diagnose the initial stages of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in a rat model. Methods: Eighteen male Wistar rats were allocated to control or experimental groups. A high-fat diet (HFD) with 20% fructose and 2% cholesterol, resembling a common Western diet, was fed to animals in the experimental groups for up to 16 weeks; those in the control group received a regular diet. A 21 MHz UBM system was used to acquire B-mode images at specific times: baseline (T0), 10 weeks (T10), and 16 weeks (T16). The sonographic hepatorenal index (SHRI), based on the average ultrasound image gray-level intensities from the liver parenchyma and right renal cortex, was determined at T0, T10, and T16. The liver specimen histology was classified using the modified Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Clinical Research Network NAFLD activity scoring system. Results: The livers in the animals in the experimental groups progressed from sinusoidal congestion and moderate macro- and micro-vesicular steatosis to moderate steatosis and frequent hepatocyte ballooning. The SHRI obtained in the experimental group animals at T10 and T16 was significantly different from the SHRI of pooled control group. No significant difference existed between the SHRI in animals receiving HFD between T10 and T16.Conclusion: SHRI measurement using UBM may be a promising noninvasive tool to characterize early-stage NAFLD in rat models.
Lens culinaris: A New Biocatalyst for Reducing Carbonyl and Nitro Groups
Daniele Alves Ferreira,Robério Costa da Silva,João Carlos da Costa Assunção,Marcos Carlos de Mattos,Telma Leda Gomes de Lemos,Francisco José Queiroz Monte 한국생물공학회 2012 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.17 No.2
A series of aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes and ketones, as well as some nitrocompounds were reduced using whole plant cells from Lens culinaris seeds. In addition, we also investigated the possibility of enzymatic ester hydrolysis to explore the potential of these seeds. The reduced ketones products were obtained in yields of 8 ~82% and enantiomeric excess of 39 ~ 75%. Aldehydes were more reactive than ketones with high chemical yield (95→99%), whereas the aromatic nitrocompounds showed low (2%) to high (> 99%) conversion depending upon the nature and position of the aromatic ring substituents. Ester hydrolysis by the Lens culinaris was quite effective with the ester p-nitrophenyl acetate (> 99% conversion).
Determination of kinetic parameters for the sisal residue pyrolysis through thermal analysis
Daniel Bemmuyal Passos Santos,Marcos Fábio de Jesus,José Mário Ferreira Júnior,Carlos Augusto de Moraes Pires 한국공업화학회 2022 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.109 No.-
Determining the kinetics of biomass degradation by thermogravimetry is complex due to the existence ofnumerous parallel and consecutive reactions. The individual use of models available in the literature haslimitations regarding the applicability of the data due to high adjustment errors or lack of process information. Thus, a new procedure was proposed to determine the degradation kinetics of sisal residue, atheating rates of 20–80 C/min and inert atmosphere. First, the reaction order was determined by thefit model for each heating rate, resulting in approximate values. Then, the activation energy and thepre-exponential factor were determined by free models (Flynn-Wall-Ozawa, Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose,and Friedman). These models were validated from the experimental data of conversion and temperature,together with the calculated kinetic parameters. Friedman’s model was the best fit. Finally, the errorsobtained are compatible with those in the literature, indicating that this procedure can be used in kineticsinvolving biomass pyrolysis.
André Freire Cruz,Nathalia Lima Medeiros,Gustavo Lessa Benedet,Maira Borges Araújo,Carlos Hidemi Uesugi,Marisa Alvares da Silva Velloso Ferreira,José Ricardo Peixoto,Luiz Eduardo Bassay Blum 한국원예학회 2015 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.56 No.3
The control of anthracnose (Colletotrichum simmondsii) during the post-harvest stage in guava fruits (Psidium guajava L.) was performed by the application of phosphites [phosphite-K (40% P2O5 and 30% K2O) and phosphite-Ca (10.7% P2O5, 3.89% Ca, and 0.5% B)] including the Carbendazim as reference, calcium chloride (CaCl2), acetyl salicylic acid (ASA), hot water (HW), and 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP). These treatments were applied individually or in combination each other with two or three compounds. The evaluated parameters were diameter of anthracnose lesion (DL), number of lesions (NL), and fruit quality (fresh weight loss, pH, total soluble solids, and titrable acidity]. The fruits were disinfested, inoculated, and maintained in an incubator containing fluorescent lights at 75 μmol·m-2·s-1 (25°C, 12h photoperiod) for 5 days and were then analyzed. The results showed that the DL and the NL were reduced following treatments, and that the HW (47°C for 20 min) was the strongest and the 1-MCP treatment was the least effective. The physico-chemical characteristics of fruits were affected by some treatments without compromising fruit quality. The combination of treatments was also able to alleviate the anthracnose effect on fruits compared to individual treatments and the control without affect the fruit quality. The combinations which included the HW treatment showed the best performance to control this disease, particularly when combined with the 1-MCP and phosphite.