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Shin, Jongoh,Song, Yoseb,Jin, Sangrak,Lee, Jung-Kul,Kim, Dong Rip,Kim, Sun Chang,Cho, Suhyung,Cho, Byung-Kwan Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press 2018 RNA Vol.24 No.12
<P>Acetogens synthesize acetyl-CoA via CO<SUB>2</SUB> or CO fixation, producing organic compounds. Despite their ecological and industrial importance, their transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation has not been systematically studied. With completion of the genome sequence of <I>Acetobacterium bakii</I> (4.28-Mb), we measured changes in the transcriptome of this psychrotolerant acetogen in response to temperature variations under autotrophic and heterotrophic growth conditions. Unexpectedly, acetogenesis genes were highly up-regulated at low temperatures under heterotrophic, as well as autotrophic, growth conditions. To mechanistically understand the transcriptional regulation of acetogenesis genes via changes in RNA secondary structures of 5′-untranslated regions (5′-UTR), the primary transcriptome was experimentally determined, and 1379 transcription start sites (TSS) and 1100 5′-UTR were found. Interestingly, acetogenesis genes contained longer 5′-UTR with lower RNA-folding free energy than other genes, revealing that the 5′-UTRs control the RNA abundance of the acetogenesis genes under low temperature conditions. Our findings suggest that post-transcriptional regulation via RNA conformational changes of 5′-UTRs is necessary for cold-adaptive acetogenesis.</P>
TPP협정 대응을 위한 한국의 수산보조금 체계 개편 방안
신용민(Shin, Yong-Min),박철형(Park, Cheol-Hyung),남종오(Nam, Jongoh) 동북아시아문화학회 2016 동북아시아문화학회 국제학술대회 발표자료집 Vol.2016 No.10
There need to be measures for when Korea joins the TPP agreement as it embodies comprehensive prohibition of fisheries subsidy. It is a fact that Korea has endeavored to maintain fisheries subsidy during discussions such as WTO/DDA, and due to this most fisheries subsidy like tax-free oil are maintained. This has contributed greatly to maintaining domestic fishery product base and stabilizing management of fisheries. However, because of this there was a loss of chance to renovate Korea’s fisheries structure and the it has become weak with marginal producers who rely on government subsidies. With this current situation, TPP agreement without consideration of Korea’s interests is becoming external shock that is changing fundamental structure of fisheries. As Korea is joining TPP agreement after its establishment, under the assumption that it has to faithfully carry out the contents of the agreement there now needs to be overall reform of fisheries subsidies. Ultimately, fisheries structure has to reform into one with competitiveness and efficiency through elimination of fisheries subsidies according to government’s direct transfer payment and prevention of controversies at international agreements. For the solution of fisheries subsidy problems, such policy changes are needed. First, overall reform of fishery subsidy must be executed. This is necessary not only for TPP agreement, but also for preemptive action for future fishery subsidy discussions, and it is a critical task for implementing a self-sustainable fisheries structure. Second, implementation for self-sustainable fishery should be accelerated. During the reform of fishery subsidy, all cost-preserving subsidies by the government should be abolished, and especially, subsidies that negatively affect resource management should be reformed. On the other hand, support systems for resource management and environmental conservation should be strengthened to make subsidies function for the implementation of self-sustainable fishery. Third, fishermen’s voluntary effort is necessary for profitability improvement. Also, the government needs to reform fisheries structure and their role and function of fisheries. For fisheries, the government should implement an indirect, market-oriented subsidy method for fisheries.
남종오(Nam, Jongoh),박철형(Park, Cheol-Hyung),신용민(Shin, Yong-Min) 동북아시아문화학회 2016 동북아시아문화학회 국제학술대회 발표자료집 Vol.2016 No.10
The purpose of the study is to provide improvement plans of the Korean fisheries resource assessment and management system responding to the TPP agreement. Having included subsidies issues based on status of the fisheries resources, the TPP agreement hastens positive changes in the Korean fisheries resource assesment and management system. This study compares the fisheries resource assesment and management systems of Korea and major participating nations of the TPP agreement as aspects of information provision of fisheries resource assessment results, application of the various fisheries assessment models, index development of the fisheries resource status, improvement of the fishing reporting and statistic systems, changes into just species-oriented resource assessment, implementation of the market-oriented fisheries management, and expansion of the human and material resources for the fisheries resource assessment. In conclusion, this study provides improvement plans of the Korean fisheries resource assessment and management system in two aspects of the policy directions and the alternatives to overcome environment issues related with fisheries subsidies of the TPP agreement. The alternatives are composed of 7 plans such as set-up of fisheries management standard related with fisheries resource rebuilding and enhancement, applications of various stock assesment models, development of the fish stock sustainability index, improvement of reporting and monitoring systems, conversion into the species-oriented resource assessment, implementation of the ITQ system for a certain species, and expansion of research infra and trainers.