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Bacillus thuringiensis: Microbial Pest Control Agent and Genetically Modified Crops
Jae Su Kim,Yeon Ho Je,Jong Yul Roh 한국응용곤충학회 2014 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2014 No.04
Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a Gram-positive and soil-dwelling bacterium and well known for its ability to produce insecticidal parasporal crystalline protein inclusions, which have attracted worldwide interest for effective pest management. A diseased silkworm by Bt was first discovered by Japanese scientist Ishiwata Shigetane in 1901, and in 10 years, it was re-discovered in Germany by Ernst Berliner, who isolated it as the cause of a disease called Schlaffsucht in flour moth caterpillars. The first commercial product, Bt. kurstaki HD-1 was released to a market in France in 1938. Optimization of mass production for crystal production and cost down enabled the industrialization to be successful, and now many products, such as WP, EC, SC and tablets are used worldwide. In 1976 Robert A. Zakharyan found that plasmids in Bt are involved in the production of crystal proteins and endospores. Pore formation model and signal transduction model were revealed to explain the mode of action of Bt. Works on Bt resistance included a group of receptors of crystal proteins, such as cadherin, APN and ALP. In 1996, a Bt cry gene was integrated to cotton, which successfully reached markets. AtMT technology was used to generate Bt crops. Now the area planted worldwide to genetically engineered Bt crops increased to 66 million hectares. Refuge may be particularly important in slowing the spread of insects resistant to the Bt insecticides. Researchers are trying to increase the insecticidal efficacy of integrated Bt crystal proteins using recent biotechnology.
A Novel Approach To Develop Biopesticides Based On Entomopathogenic Fungi
Jae Su Kim,Eun Ok Woo,Jong Sung Park,Yun Sung Kim,Tae-Joon Kim,Kyoung-Sung Kim,Jong Yul Roh,Jae Young Choi,Yeon Ho Je 한국응용곤충학회 2008 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2008 No.05
Among the cultured products of Beauveria bassiana SFB-205 (KCCM 10892P), the supernatant showed the highest insecticidal activity against 2nd instars of Aphis gossypii (Aphididae) nymphs under glasshouse condition. The enzymes in the supernatant were confirmed as active materials, and the chitinase was finally selected as a QC factor for commercial production. However, the chitinase activity in the supernatant decreased by 11-folds due to the thermal stress at 50℃ for 2 h. To obtain thermal stability, the chitinase in the supernatant was adsorbed to a precipitable material and the pellet was freeze-dried (PCT/KR2007/005886). The adsorbent-A showed about 92.7% of harvesting efficiency which was higher than the other candidates. The chitinase activity of the freeze-dried powder was kept up about 82.0% of initial activity for the same thermal stress. Subsequently, an optimal formulation recipe was established to maximize long-term storage stability and efficacy. SFB-205 oil-based formulation was stable up to 18 months at room temperature. It showed 96.1% efficacy against 2nd instars of A. gossypii nymphs at 1 day after the treatment in the glasshouse. This novel approach can be a promising method to develop competitive biopesticies in the entomopathogenic fungi, even though it needs to be intensively studied.
(Su Hae Lee),(Eun Yong Jung),(Dong Suk Seo),(Hu Song Zhang),(Yong Woo Roh),(Chang Nam Ahn),(Sang Yoon Nam),(Jong Koo Kang) 한국응용약물학회 2002 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.10 No.2
N/A Hantaan (HTN) and Puumala (PUU) viruses are major etiological agents of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), an important public health problem in Korea after the Korean War. The objective of present study was to determine allergenic potency of an inactivated combination vaccine against HTN and PUU viruses infection. As a series of allergenicity assessment, a homologous active systemic anaphylaxis (ASA) and homologous/heterologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) tests using the mice and guinea pigs were carried out. In the ASA test, no anaphylactic symptoms were observed in the guinea pigs sensitized with the vaccine alone as well as the vaccine emulsified with an adjuvant. By homologous PCA test, the vaccine did not induced the potential IgE antibody production in the sera obtained from the sensitized guinea pigs. In addition, IgE against the vaccine was not significantly enhanced from the mice inoculated with the vaccine, which was judged by the heterologous PCA test in rats. On the other hand, the inoculation of ovalbumin appeared to allergenic reactions both in the ASA and PCA tests. The results suggest that a combination vaccine against HTN and PUU viruses have no allergenic potential in mice or guinea pigs.
Case Report : Delayed Viral Clearance of Chronic Hepatitis C in Patients after Treatment Failure
( Su Hyun Cho ),( Sung Wook Lee ),( Seok Reyol Choi ),( Sang Young Han ),( Myung Hwan Roh ),( Jong Hoon Lee ),( Jin Seok Jang ),( Yang Hyun Baek ),( Su Young Kim ) 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회(구 대한소화관운동학회) 2011 Gut and Liver Vol.5 No.1
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection usually progresses to chronic hepatitis, with rare cases of spontaneous viral eradication. We present herein four cases involving patients that were initially declared to have failed to respond to treatments, based on the presence of HCV RNA that was still detectable after completion of the standard treatment for chronic hepatitis C with genotype 2. However, the HCV RNA became undetectable, with a delayed response, after discontinuation of therapy. Two of the four patients were diagnosed as treatment failures after extended treatment, and the other two received no further treatment after the standard treatment. All four patients maintained a sustained virological response during the periodic follow-up after delayed viral clearance. (Gut Liver 2011;5:110-114)
Expression of Bacillus thuringiensis mosquitocidal toxin in an antimicrobial Bacillus brevis strain
Roh, Jong-Yul,Kim, Yang-Su,Wang, Yong,Liu, Qin,Tao, Xueying,Xu, Hong-Guang,Shim, Hee-Jin,Choi, Jae-Young,Lee, Kwang-Sik,Jin, Byung-Rae,Je, Yeon-Ho 한국응용곤충학회 2010 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol. No.
Brown blotch is a common disease of many mushrooms, especially oyster mushrooms, in Korea. Recently, we isolated a promising Bacillus brevis strain which has antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas tolaasii, a serious mushroom pathogen. In this study, in order to confer insecticidal activity, a recombinant B. brevis strain was constructed via the expression of Bacillus thuringiensis mosquitocidal crystal protein. A B. thuringiensis expression vector (pPro11A), which contained the cry11Aa gene under the control of cry1Ac promoter, was introduced into this B. brevis strain. The recombinant B. brevis strain successfully expressed and produced rhomboidal shaped Cry11A protein, although the initiation time of expression was slower than that of B. thuringiensis <TEX>$Cry^{-B}$</TEX> transformant. The insecticidal and antimicrobial activities of the transformant were verified using two dipteran larvae, Aedes aegypti and Culex pipiens, and four bacteria, including P. tolaasii, respectively. These results demonstrate that the introduction of B. thuringiensis insecticidal activity to antimicrobial Bacillus strains might be a useful tool to construct dual functional Bacillus strains.
Roh, Junyeop D.,Choi, Su-Yeon,Cho, Yi Sul,Choi, Tae-Yong,Park, Jong-Sil,Cutforth, Tyler,Chung, Woosuk,Park, Hanwool,Lee, Dongsoo,Kim, Myeong-Heui,Lee, Yeunkum,Mo, Seojung,Rhee, Jeong-Seop,Kim, Hyun,Ko Frontiers Media S.A. 2017 Frontiers in molecular neuroscience Vol.10 No.-
<P>Copy number variants and point mutations of <I>NEPH2</I> (also called <I>KIRREL3</I>) gene encoding an immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily adhesion molecule have been linked to autism spectrum disorders, intellectual disability and neurocognitive delay associated with Jacobsen syndrome, but the physiological roles of Neph2 in the mammalian brain remain largely unknown. Neph2 is highly expressed in the dentate granule (DG) neurons of the hippocampus and is localized in both dendrites and axons. It was recently shown that Neph2 is required for the formation of mossy fiber filopodia, the axon terminal structure of DG neurons forming synapses with GABAergic neurons of CA3. In contrast, however, it is unknown whether Neph2 also has any roles in the postsynaptic compartments of DG neurons. We here report that, through its C-terminal PDZ domain-binding motif, Neph2 directly interacts with postsynaptic density (PSD)-95, an abundant excitatory postsynaptic scaffolding protein. Moreover, Neph2 protein is detected in the brain PSD fraction and interacts with PSD-95 in synaptosomal lysates. Functionally, loss of Neph2 in mice leads to age-specific defects in the synaptic connectivity of DG neurons. Specifically, <I>Neph2<SUP>−/−</SUP></I> mice show significantly increased spontaneous excitatory synaptic events in DG neurons at postnatal week 2 when the endogenous Neph2 protein expression peaks, but show normal excitatory synaptic transmission at postnatal week 3. The evoked excitatory synaptic transmission and synaptic plasticity of medial perforant pathway (MPP)-DG synapses are also normal in <I>Neph2<SUP>−/−</SUP></I> mice at postnatal week 3, further confirming the age-specific synaptic defects. Together, our results provide some evidence for the postsynaptic function of Neph2 in DG neurons during the early postnatal period, which might be implicated in neurodevelopmental and cognitive disorders caused by <I>NEPH2</I> mutations.</P>