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A Novel, Reactive Green Iron Sulfide (Sulfide Green Rust) Formed on Iron Oxide Nanocrystals
Jones, Christopher J.,Chattopadhyay, Soma,Gonzalez-Pech, Natalia I.,Avendano, Carolina,Hwang, Nina,Lee, Seung Soo,Cho, Minjung,Ozarowski, Andrew,Prakash, Arjun,Mayo, J. T.,Yavuz, Cafer,Colvin, Vicki. American Chemical Society 2015 Chemistry of materials Vol.27 No.3
<P>Iron oxide nanocrystals are of great scientific and technological interest. In this work, these materials are the starting point for producing a reactive nanoparticle whose surface resembles that of natural green rusts. Treatment of iron oxide nanoparticles with cysteamine leads to the reduction of iron and the formation of a brilliant green aqueous solution of nanocrystals rich in iron(II). These materials remained crystalline with magnetic and structural features of the original iron oxide. However, new low-angle X-ray diffraction peaks as well as vibrational features characteristic of cysteamine were found in the nanocrystalline product. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), X-ray photoemission (XPS) and Mössbauer spectroscopies indicated the presence of an iron(II)-rich phase with high sulfur content analogous to the iron–oxygen structures found in natural green rusts. Electron microscopy found that these structural components remained associated with the nonreduced iron oxide cores. These sulfur-rich analogs of natural green rusts are highly reactive and were able to rapidly degrade a model organic dye in water. This observation suggests possible actuation with a cysteamine treatment of inert and magnetic iron oxide particles at the point-of-use for environmental remediation.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/cmatex/2015/cmatex.2015.27.issue-3/cm5028942/production/images/medium/cm-2014-028942_0007.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/cm5028942'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
Fuzzy-PID Controller Applied to a Refrigeration System
JONES ERNI SCHMITZ,FLAVIO VASCONCELOS DA SILVA,ANA MARIA FRATTINI FILETI,LINCOLN CAMARGO NEVES FILHO,VIVALDO SILVEIRA JÚNIOR§ 대한설비공학회 2012 International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refr Vol.20 No.2
A refrigeration system exhibits a dynamic behavior on which the variables are interdependent and subjected to oscillation, hence, implicating necessity of changes on operating conditions and undesirable energy expenses. These characteristics ratify the importance of adequate dimensioning and equipment selection to ¯nd pre-de¯ned operating conditions such as, the maximum cooling capacity and the evaporating and condensing temperatures. The application of fuzzy control in industrial processes is growing fast in the last decades, mainly in processes whose ¯rst principle models require complex methods to be simulated. In these cases, the fuzzy controllers'capacity of acting correctly based only on expert knowledge and on the capacity of inter-relating all the variables of the process are attractive features. This work presents the experimental development and evaluation of fuzzy-PID controllers for the maintenance of the evaporating temperature in a chiller. The system was submitted to load and set-point disturbances accomplishing an analysis based upon error parameters and transient response. The results showed that fuzzy controllers were adapted satisfactorily.
Protection and the Optimal Tariff
Jones, Ronald W. 세종대학교 국제경제연구소 1989 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.4 No.1
A simple diagrammatic device, featuring the foreign offer curve and several alternative home income-consumption loci, is presented to illustrate those cases in which the Metzler tariff paradox may arise. In this paradoxical outcome, a tariff lowers the relative domestic price of importables. It is shown that the imposition of an optimal tariff may lead to such an outcome, even though the existence of an optimal tariff is often cited as a condition sufficient to rule out various paradoxes in trade theory, including the Metzler tariff paradox.