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Jonathan J. Fong,Yik-Hei Sung,Li Ding 한국양서ㆍ파충류학회 2023 한국양서·파충류학회 학술대회 Vol.2023 No.07
Previous studies have identified several factors that shape the microbiome of a host, such as diet, gut anatomy, host phylogeny, reproductive stage, season, altitude, and geography. In this study we focus on two of these factors—geography and host We characterize the fecal microbiota of the endangered Big-headed Turtle (Platysternon megacephalum) and compare across a relatively fine geographic scale (3 populations within an 8-km radius). We found the fecal microbiota to vary between the most distant sites, and infer the difference to be due to food availability, environmental microbiota,or both. For host, we compare the fecal microbiota of individuals of P. megacephalum and the Beale’s Eyed Turtle (Sacalia bealei) that are syntopic. The fecal microbiota differs between these two host species, and may be due to diet and/or host-adapted bacteria. Since these individuals were collected from the same place at the same time, differences in environmental microbiota likely have little to no effect. We encourage more researchers to collect gut microbiota data of wild turtles, so we can better understand and apply microbiota data to conservation.
Phylogeographic study of the Bufo gargarizans species complex, with emphasis on Northeast Asia
이창훈,Jonathan J. Fong,Jian-Ping Jiang,Pi-Peng Li,Bruce Waldman,Jong Ryol Chong,이항,민미숙 한국통합생물학회 2021 Animal cells and systems Vol.25 No.6
We conduct a phylogeographic and population genetic study of the Asiatic toad (Bufo gargarizans) to understand its evolutionary history, and the influence of geology and climate. A total of 292 individuals from 94 locations were genotyped for two mitochondrial loci (cytb, ND2) and five nuclear introns (Sox9-2, Rho-3, CCNB2-3, UCH-2, and DBI-2), and we performed a suite of phylogenetic, population genetic, and divergence dating analyses. The phylogenetic trees constructed using mitochondrial loci inferred B. gargarizans being divided into two major groups: China mainland and Northeast Asia (Northeast China, Russia, and Korean Peninsula). As with previous studies of this species, we recover population genetic structure not tied to geographic region. Additionally, we discover a new genetic clade restricted to Northeast Asia that points towards the Korean Peninsula being a glacial refugium during the Pleistocene. The weak phylogeographic pattern of B. gargarizans is likely the result of multiple biological, anthropogenic, and historical factors – robust dispersal abilities as a consequence of physiological adaptations, human translocation, geologic activity, and glacial cycles of the Pleistocene. We highlight the complex geologic and climatic history of Northeast Asia and encourage further research to understand its impact on the biodiversity in the region.
박명수,Jonathan J. Fong,이현,신승관,이승환,이누리,임영운 한국응용곤충학회 2014 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.17 No.4
The veiled polypore, Cryptoporus volvatus, is distributedwidely in North America and East Asia and is believed tohave a mutualistic relationship with coleopteran species—the fungus providing food and shelter in basidiocarpsand beetle helping disperse spores. Seventy fresh basidiocarps of C. volvatuswere collected fromthe Japanese red pine (Pinus densiflora) in the springseason of 2013 fromtwo sites in Korea. A total of 251 insects (101 adult and 150 larvae) were collected fromtheinside of basidiocarps and identified using morphology and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI)sequences. Six species belonging to five coleopteran families were identified. The number of spores attached tothe bodies of adult insects was counted and average spore counts for each of the six species ranged between1.0 × 104 and 5.2 × 105 spores/individual. Across localities, three specieswere shared (Aethina suturalis, Trogossitajaponica and Parabolitophagus felix) and carried spores at high densities on their bodies, making themmore likelyto aid in spore dispersal.
Identifying Airborne Fungi in Seoul, Korea Using Metagenomics
오승윤,Jonathan J. Fong,박명수,장임석,임영운 한국미생물학회 2014 The journal of microbiology Vol.52 No.6
Fungal spores are widespread and common in the atmosphere. In this study, we use a metagenomic approach tostudy the fungal diversity in six total air samples collectedfrom April to May 2012 in Seoul, Korea. This springtimeperiod is important in Korea because of the peak in fungalspore concentration and Asian dust storms, although theyear of this study (2012) was unique in that were no majorAsian dust events. Clustering sequences for operational taxonomicunit (OTU) identification recovered 1,266 uniqueOTUs in the combined dataset, with between 223-396 OTUspresent in individual samples. OTUs from three fungal phylawere identified. For Ascomycota, Davidiella (anamorph:Cladosporium) was the most common genus in all samples,often accounting for more than 50% of all sequences in asample. Other common Ascomycota genera identified wereAlternaria, Didymella, Khuskia, Geosmitha, Penicillium, andAspergillus. While several Basidiomycota genera were observed,Chytridiomycota OTUs were only present in onesample. Consistency was observed within sampling days, butthere was a large shift in species composition from Ascomycotadominant to Basidiomycota dominant in the middle ofthe sampling period. This marked change may have beencaused by meteorological events. A potential set of 40 allergyinducinggenera were identified, accounting for a large proportionof the diversity present (22.5–77.2%). Our studyidentifies high fungal diversity and potentially high levels offungal allergens in springtime air of Korea, and provides agood baseline for future comparisons with Asian dust storms.
Biodiversity of harvestmen in Hong Kong and their relationship with amphibians
Kai Teck Desmond TAN,Jonathan J. Fong 한국양서ㆍ파충류학회 2023 한국양서·파충류학회 학술대회 Vol.2023 No.07
Despite being a common animal found in the wild, there are very few studies on global biodiversity of harvestmen, and even less so in Hong Kong, China. This study will uncover the number of species in Hong Kong, as well as describe and classify new species using updated morphological techniques and phylogenetic analysis. We will also describe their role in the ecosystem as prey items of amphibians, as documented both in/ex-situ. The project will introduce these mysterious creatures, and hope will stimulate further harvestmen research in Hong Kong and Korea.
김대인,박일국,Hidetoshi Ota,Jonathan J. Fong,김종선,Yong-Pu Zhang,Shu-Ran Li,최우진,박대식 한국생태학회 2019 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.43 No.4
Background: Studies of morphological variation within and among populations provide an opportunity to understand local adaptation and potential patterns of gene flow. To study the evolutionary divergence patterns of Schlegel’s Japanese gecko (Gekko japonicus) across its distribution, we analyzed data for 15 morphological characters of 324 individuals across 11 populations (2 in China, 4 in Japan, and 5 in Korea). Results: Among-population morphological variation was smaller than within-population variation, which was primarily explained by variation in axilla-groin length, number of infralabials, number of scansors on toe IV, and head-related variables such as head height and width. The population discrimination power was 32.4% and in cluster analysis, populations from the three countries tended to intermix in two major groups. Conclusion: Our results indicate that morphological differentiation among the studied populations is scarce, suggesting short history for some populations after their establishment, frequent migration of individuals among the populations, and/or local morphological differentiation in similar urban habitats. Nevertheless, we detected interesting phenetic patterns that may predict consistent linkage of particular populations that are independent of national borders. Additional sampling across the range and inclusion of genetic data could give further clue for the historical relationship among Chinese, Japanese, and Korean populations of G. japonicus.