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An Extension Theoretical Model for Grouting Effect Evaluation in Sand Stratum of Metro Construction
Jiwen Bai,Shucai Li,Yujing Jiang,Rentai Liu,Zhaofeng Li,Wei Li 대한토목학회 2019 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.23 No.5
Water-rich sand stratum is a common geological disaster source for the metro construction in coastal cities, and grouting is the most widely-used and efficient method to improve the characteristics of tunnel-surrounding rock. The grouting effect evaluation plays a key role in guaranteeing the subsequent construction safety. However, the grouting effect evaluation is a complex problem since it involves influence factors of uncertainty and variability. In order to comprehensively and quantitatively evaluate the grouting quality and guarantee the safety of metro construction, an extension theoretical model for grouting effect evaluation in water-rich sand stratum is established. Firstly, according to the geological and engineering influence factors, rock mass strength, permeability of surrounding rock, attitude of stratum, moisture content, grouting material, and grouting technology are selected as the grouting effect evaluation indexes, which make up the evaluation index system. The dimensionless method is used to avoid the influence of the unit and order of magnitude of each index, and index weight of each factor is ascertained by entropy-information theory. Also, through the grouting information of typical waterrich sand stratum and expert experience, the grouting effect evaluation grade classification is achieved. Combining with the extension theory and measured data, the correlation degree of each evaluation grade is obtained. Finally, according to the correlation degree identification criteria, the grouting effect evaluation categories can be judged. In the engineering application, the water-rich sand stratum grouting effect in Qingdao metro is evaluated based on the proposed model. The results show that the evaluation grade agrees well with the excavation situation. The extension theoretical model provides an effective method for grouting effect evaluation in water-rich sand stratum.
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Transcriptome reveals genes involving in black skin color formation of ducks
Lei Wang,Hehe Liu,Bo Hu,Jiwei Hu,Hengyong Xu,Hua He,Chunchun Han,Bo Kang,Lili Bai,Rongping Zhang,Jiwen Wang,Shengqiang Hu,Liang Li 한국유전학회 2021 Genes & Genomics Vol.43 No.2
Background Skin color is colorful for birds, which has been reported to be associated with multi-biological functions, such as crypsis, camoufage, social signaling and mate choice, but little is known about its underlying molecular mechanism. Objective Studies on the major genes afecting the black skin color of ducks. Methods For this purpose, Silver ammonia staining and RNA-seq analysis were carried out to identify the diferences in tissue morphology and gene expressions between black and yellow skin ducks. Results The silver ammonia dyes slice results showed that in the development of black duck, the content of melanin in black skin gradually increased and then decreased, and the content of melanin in yellow and black skin was signifcantly diferent. Through transcriptome, a total of 102 and 84 diferentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identifed in beak skin and web skin, respectively. These DEGs were enriched in melanin biosynthesis and play a critical role in melanogenesis pathway. Co-expression analysis showed that EDNRB2 was the only gene associated with black skin color in DEGs, which was also consistent with qRT-PCR. Conclusions The melanin synthesis pathway dominated by EDNRB2 up-regulated the amount of melanin synthesis, leading to the formation of black skin in ducks.
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