중국조선족교육 그 현황과 과제

박금해 전남대학교 아시아태평양지역연구소 2000 아시아태평양지역연구 Vol.3 No.1

자고로 조선족은 드높은 교육열로 소문 높았다. 천임과 더불어 서당, 서숙으로 부터 흥기한 조선족교육은 중국의 부동한 시기 격변하는 이념과 경제구도의 변화속에서 왕성한 생명력으로 민족교육의 맥을 이어왔으며 조선 족으로 하여금 중국 56개 민족 중에서 문화소질이 가장 높은 민족으로 자리 메김 하였다. 그러나 개혁개방후 특히는 90년대에 진입한 후 조선족교육은 심각한 도적과 위기에 직면하였으며 그것은 궁극적으로 조선족공동천의 정책성보존을 위협하고 있다. 산업화, 도시화진척과정에서의 조선족인구의 대 유동 및 그에 따른 농촌교육의 장터와 도시교육의 포화상태, 조선족학생들의 동화위기, 편향된 입시위주교육과 창의성의 결여, 학교교육의 고립과 민족성의 결여 및 이밖에 교육내연에서 재기되는 여러가지 문제점들, 이 모두가 조선족교육에 낙관할 수 없는 그림자를 던져주고 있다. 이제 조선족 교육의 미래는 바로 여하히 당면의 위기를 극복하고 민족성을 고수하면서 다가오는 미래사회의 다원성의 도전에 응전하느냐에 달려 있다. 교육주체를 포함한 전 사회가 민족적 사명감으로 민족교육의 중책을 짊어진다면 우리 교육의 전망은 결코 암담한 것만은 아닐 것이다. The korean's search for knowledge and her enthusiasm for the education of their children and noted heritages from ancient days. It has been elevated to a sort of national paranoia to educate next generation, in order to regain independence. After Korea was forcibly annexed by Japanese with tacit approval of imperialist nations. A horde of Koreans, either educated people or ignorant peasants forcibly ousted from their land, crossed the Duman river to set up settlements by pioneering rice cultivation in the northeastern comer of China, used to be called Gando. The first thing they did was, needless to mention, to set up schools, from elementary to high schools, to educate their children. Thus the Korean communities here had succeeded in fostering patriotism, preserving cultural traditions and educating able leaders in various fields. even under the oppression of Japanese Army and bureaucrats. It was because of this tradition that ethnic Koreans, though small in number, were better educated than other ethnic minorities in China and highly regarded by the leaders of the new Republic With the establishment of the Peoples Republic of China, for which a number of Korean youths sacrificed their lives, ethnic Koreans were allowed to have citizenship and autonomy in the region. With the help and understanding from the centra government the educational systems was greatly expanded to include a university, the first of its kind in China for ethnic minorities. Following the periods of upheaval and confusion and subsequent reform and marke economy, heretofore successful educational system of ethnic Korean began to face problems, challenges and tribulations that become common China since nineties: 1) The quality of education in urban area was greatly affected by the unplanned influx of students. due to shifting of population to cities from countryside, in terms of shortage of teachers, classes overcrowding, lack of better facilities, etc., while the rural schools had to be closed; 2) Enforcement of outdated policy to infuse knowledge through one-sided lecture is stifling budding interests on various subject and original ideas of students which could be fostered through open discussions in the class, and seriously obstructs educating all-around students to lead the nation into the 21st century; 3) National or regional (ethnic) educational policy lacking, and schools being located in ethnic villages with limited source of educational tools and reading materials, the passion of the parents for the ethnic educational is slowly on the wane. 4) With the strong emphasis of the importance of education by the national government and dissemination of the importance of knowledge economy, the education has once again in the focus of government policy. To us ethnic educators, however, the setting of new goals for ethnic educational policy. To us ethnic educators. however, the setting of new goals for ethnic educational policy is extremely urgent, because the assimilation process with Han tribe is proceeding speedily making ethnic education a futile effort. These are the kind of environment we ethnic educators are now faced with. Should we continue to preserve our heritage in terms of language and culture. and let our descendents be a proud minority in China contributing to its extort to attain the greatness among the nations in the world, or simply let them go the way to become nameless Chinese people. There is a way if there is will. We can get helps if we are really set our mind to do something. Let's be a proud Korean-Chinese. if it has to be.

간벌재로 제조된 우드세라믹의 성질 (Ⅰ) : 수지 함침율 및 소성온도의 영향 Effect of Resin Impregnation Rate and Burning Temperature

오승원,박금희,-- 한국목재공학회 2004 목재공학 Vol.32 No.1

간벌재로 제조된 톱밥보드를 페놀수지에 함침율 40~80%로 함침시킨 후 소성온도 600~1500℃에서 소성하여 우드세라믹을 제조한 다음 수지함침율과 소성온도에 따른 우드세라믹의 밀도변화, 중량 및 치수감소율과 열전도성을 조사하였다. 수지 함침율과 소성온도가 증가함에 따라 밀도는 커졌으나 소성온도 1200℃ 이후에는 밀도가 낮아졌다. 소성후 치수 및 중량감소율은 수지함침율이 증가할수록 낮아졌으나 소성온도가 높을수록 커졌다. 열전도성은 수지함침율이 높을수록 우수하였으며 소성온도와는 뚜렷한 경향을 발견할 수 없었다. Research investigated the variation of density, weight loss and dimensional decreasing rate, heat conduction rate by the resin impregnation rate and burning temperature of woodceramics, which were formed by impregnation rate of 40-80% and burning temperature of boo-1500℃ with sawdust board impregnated with phenolic resin made from thinned logs of pinus densifora, Larix kaemferi and pinus koraiensis As the resin impregnation rate and the burning temperature increased, the density increased, however, as the burning temperature increased to at 1200 C or more, the density decreased The more the resin impregnation rate increased, the more the decreasing rate of weight and size decreased; the more the burning temperature increased, the more the decreasing rate of weight and size increased When the resin impregnation rate was high, the heat conduction (㎜/sec) was superior.

Synergistic Effects of Leflunomide and Benazepril in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Nephropathy

Jin, Hua,Piao, Shang Guo,Jin, Ji Zhe,Jin, Ying Shun,Cui, Zhen Hua,Jin, Hai Feng,Zheng, Hai Lan,Li, Jin Ji,Jiang, Yu Ji,Yang, Chul Woo,Li, Can S.Karger 2014 The Nephron Journals Vol.126 No.3

<P>Abstract</P><P><B><I>Background:</I></B> Leflunomide (LEF) and benazepril have renoprotective effects on diabetic nephropathy (DN) through their anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic activities. This study investigated whether combined treatment using LEF and benazepril affords superior protection compared with the respective monotherapies. <B><I>Methods:</I></B> Diabetes was induced with streptozotocin (STZ, 65 mg/kg) by intraperitoneal injection in male Wistar rats. Two weeks after STZ injection, diabetic rats were treated daily for 12 weeks with LEF (10 mg/kg), benazepril (10 mg/kg), or a combination of both. Basic parameters (body weight, fasting blood glucose level, and 24 h urinary protein excretion), histopathology, inflammatory [inflammatory cell infiltration (ED-1), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and Toll-like receptor-2 (TLR-2)] and glomerulosclerotic factors [transforming growth factor-β<SUB>1</SUB> (TGF-β<SUB>1</SUB>) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF)], and oxidative stress (8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, 8-OHdG) were studied. <B><I>Results:</I></B> Benazepril or LEF treatment significantly prevented body weight loss and 24 h urinary protein excretion induced by diabetes; combined treatment with LEF and benazepril further improved these parameters compared with giving each drug alone (all p < 0.01). Increased expression of inflammatory (MCP-1 and TLR-2) and glomerulosclerotic (TGF-β<SUB>1</SUB> and CTGF) factors in diabetic rat kidney was reduced by treatment with either LEF or benazepril and was further reduced by the combined administration of the two drugs (p < 0.01). These effects were accompanied by suppression of urinary 8-OHdG excretion. There was no significant between-group difference in blood glucose level. <B><I>Conclusions:</I></B> LEF treatment lessens DN, and combined treatment with LEF and benazepril provides synergistic effects in preventing DN.</P><P>© 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel</P>

Antioxidant Effects of the Ethanol Extract from Flower of <i>Camellia japonica</i> via Scavenging of Reactive Oxygen Species and Induction of Antioxidant Enzymes

Piao, Mei Jing,Yoo, Eun Sook,Koh, Young Sang,Kang, Hee Kyoung,Kim, Junoh,Kim, Yong Jin,Kang, Hak Hee,Hyun, Jin Won Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MD 2011 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES Vol.12 No.4

<P>The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant properties of the ethanol extract of the flower of <I>Camellia japonica</I> (<I>Camellia</I> extract). <I>Camellia</I> extract exhibited 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activity in human HaCaT keratinocytes. In addition, <I>Camellia</I> extract scavenged superoxide anion generated by xanthine/xanthine oxidase and hydroxyl radical generated by the Fenton reaction (FeSO<SUB>4</SUB> + H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB>) in a cell-free system, which was detected by electron spin resonance spectrometry. Furthermore, <I>Camellia</I> extract increased the protein expressions and activity of cellular antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase. These results suggest that <I>Camellia</I> extract exhibits antioxidant properties by scavenging ROS and enhancing antioxidant enzymes. <I>Camellia</I> extract contained quercetin, quercetin-3-<I>O</I>-glucoside, quercitrin and kaempferol, which are antioxidant compounds.</P>

Transformation of ginsenoside Rb1 into F₂ by Lactobacillus curvatus JS106 isolated from Kimchi

Jin-Ying Piao(박금영),Ho-Bin Kim,Lin-Hu Quan,Se-Hwa Kim,Deok-Chun Yang 고려인삼학회 2009 고려인삼학회 학술대회 Vol.2009 No.5

Antioxidant Activity of Water Extract from the Cultured Mycelia of Phellinus Baumii

Jin Won Hyun,Jinny Park,Kyoung Ah Kang,Rui Zhang,Mei Jing Piao,Soyoon Park,Jin Seo Park,Young Kook Kim,Mun Chaul Rho,Hyun Sun Lee 대한암예방학회 2006 Journal of cancer prevention Vol.11 No.4

The antioxidant property of cultured mycelia of Phellinus baumii was investigated. The water-soluble extract isolated from these mycelia showed intracellular reactive oxygen species, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and lipid peroxidation inhibitory activities. This radical scavenging activity of extract protected cell viability of Chinese hamster lung fibroblast (V79-4) cells exposed to H2O2. Furthermore, water extract reduced the apoptotic cells induced by H2O2, as demonstrated by the decreased number of sub G1 hypo-diploid cells and apoptotic body formation and it increased the activities of cellular antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase and catalase. Taken together, these findings suggest that mycelia of P. baumii exhibit antioxidant property. (Cancer Prev Res 11, 329-335, 2006)

Transforming Growth Factor (TGF)-β Type I Receptor Kinase (ALK5) Inhibitor Alleviates Profibrotic TGF-β1 Responses in Fibroblasts Derived from Peyronie's Plaque

Piao, Shuguang,Choi, Min Ji,Tumurbaatar, Munkhbayar,Kim, Woo Jean,Jin, Hai-Rong,Shin, Sun Hwa,Tuvshintur, Buyankhuu,Yin, Guo Nan,Song, Jae Sook,Kwon, Mi-Hye,Lee, Sang-Jin,Han, Jee-Young,Kim, Seong-Jin John Wiley Sons Ltd 2010 JOURNAL OF SEXUAL MEDICINE Vol.7 No.10

Highly Ordered Mesoporous Cobalt-Copper Composite Oxides for Preferential CO Oxidation

Jin, M.,Li, Z.,Piao, W.,Chen, J.,Jin, L. Y.,Kim, J. M. Springer Science + Business Media 2017 CATALYSIS SURVEYS FROM ASIA Vol.21 No.2

The ethyl acetate fraction of <i>Sargassum muticum</i> attenuates ultraviolet B radiation-induced apoptotic cell death via regulation of MAPK- and caspase-dependent signaling pathways in human HaCaT keratinocytes

Piao, Mei Jing,Kim, Ki Cheon,Zheng, Jian,Yao, Cheng Wen,Cha, Ji Won,Boo, Sun Jin,Yoon, Weon Jong,Kang, Hee Kyoung,Yoo, Eun Sook,Koh, Young Sang,Ko, Mi Hee,Lee, Nam Ho,Hyun, Jin Won Informa Healthcare USA, Inc. 2014 PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY Vol.52 No.9

<P><I>Context</I>: Our previous work demonstrated that an ethyl acetate extract derived from <I>Sargassum muticum</I> (Yendo) Fenshol (SME) protected human HaCaT keratinocytes against ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced oxidative stress by increasing antioxidant activity in the cells, thereby inhibiting apoptosis.</P><P><I>Objective</I>: The aim of the current study was to further elucidate the anti-apoptotic mechanism of SME against UVB-induced cell damage.</P><P><I>Materials and methods</I>: The expression levels of several apoptotic-associated and mitogen-activated kinase (MAPK) signaling proteins were determined by western blot analysis of UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells with or without prior SME treatment. In addition, the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (Δ<I>ψ</I><SUB>m</SUB>) was detected using flow cytometry or confocal microscopy and the mitochondria membrane-permeate dye, JC-1. Apoptosis was assessed by quantifying DNA fragmentation and apoptotic body formation. Furthermore, cell viability was evaluated using the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay.</P><P><I>Results</I>: SME absorbed electromagnetic radiation in the UVB range (280-320 nm) of the UV/visible light spectrum. SME also increased Bcl-2 and Mcl-1 expression in UVB-irradiated cells and decreased the Bax expression. Moreover, SME inhibited the UVB-induced disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential and prevented UVB-mediated increases in activated caspase-9 and caspase-3 (an apoptotic initiator and executor, respectively) levels. Notably, treatment with a pan-caspase inhibitor enhanced the anti-apoptotic effects of SME in UVB-irradiated cells. Finally, SME reduced the UVB-mediated phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and JNK, and prevented the UVB-mediated dephosphorylation of Erk1/2 and Akt.</P><P><I>Discussion and conclusion</I>: The present results indicate that SME safeguards HaCaT keratinocytes from UVB-mediated apoptosis by inhibiting a caspase-dependent signaling pathway.</P>

Effects of dietary glycerol inclusion on growth performance, carcass and meat quality characteristics, glycogen content, and meat volatile compounds in Korean cattle steers

Piao Minyu,Jung Da Jin Sol,Kang Hyeok Joong,Park Seung Ju,이진오,Kim Minsu,Kim Hyun Jin,Kim Do Hyun,서자겸,조철훈,Haque Md Najmul,백명기 아세아·태평양축산학회 2021 Animal Bioscience Vol.34 No.4

Objective: We have tested our hypothesis that inclusion of purified glycerol as a replacer of portions of dried distillers grain with solubles (DDGS) would affect growth performance, rumen fermentation and blood parameters, carcass and sensory traits, reducing sugar and glycogen contents, and volatile compound profiles in longissimus thoracis (LT) in Korean cattle steers. Methods: A total of 20 Korean cattle steers (27.0±0.2 months old; 647±10.5 kg body weight [BW]) were assigned to a conventional control group or a glycerol group (3.17% purified glycerol addition as a replacement for DDGS and molasses). The steers were individually allowed to receive the experimental concentrate at the daily amount of 1.5% of their individual BW and a total 1.0 of kg/d of rice straw twice daily. The feeding trial was conducted for a period of 20 weeks. Results: Glycerol supplementation (GS) increased (p = 0.001) concentrate intake. However, GS did not affect (p>0.05) average daily gain, feed efficiency, and ruminal volatile fatty acid concentrations. GS tended to increase (p≤0.10) serum glucose concentrations at the 16th and 20th weeks. GS decreased (p = 0.001) LT pH. GS did not affect (p>0.05) carcass traits and the chemical or physicochemical compositions, reducing sugar or glycogen contents, sensory traits, and most of volatile compounds in the LT. Conclusion: The inclusion of purified glycerol as a replacement for DDGS in the finishing diet did not affect growth performance, rumen fermentation parameters, and carcass quality in Korean cattle. The purified glycerol could be used as a substitute for other energy sources such as DDGS in beef cattle, depending on the price. Objective: We have tested our hypothesis that inclusion of purified glycerol as a replacer of portions of dried distillers grain with solubles (DDGS) would affect growth performance, rumen fermentation and blood parameters, carcass and sensory traits, reducing sugar and glycogen contents, and volatile compound profiles in <i>longissimus thoracis</i> (LT) in Korean cattle steers.Methods: A total of 20 Korean cattle steers (27.0±0.2 months old; 647±10.5 kg body weight [BW]) were assigned to a conventional control group or a glycerol group (3.17% purified glycerol addition as a replacement for DDGS and molasses). The steers were individually allowed to receive the experimental concentrate at the daily amount of 1.5% of their individual BW and a total 1.0 of kg/d of rice straw twice daily. The feeding trial was conducted for a period of 20 weeks.Results: Glycerol supplementation (GS) increased (p = 0.001) concentrate intake. However, GS did not affect (p>0.05) average daily gain, feed efficiency, and ruminal volatile fatty acid concentrations. GS tended to increase (p≤0.10) serum glucose concentrations at the 16th and 20th weeks. GS decreased (p = 0.001) LT pH. GS did not affect (p>0.05) carcass traits and the chemical or physicochemical compositions, reducing sugar or glycogen contents, sensory traits, and most of volatile compounds in the LT.Conclusion: The inclusion of purified glycerol as a replacement for DDGS in the finishing diet did not affect growth performance, rumen fermentation parameters, and carcass quality in Korean cattle. The purified glycerol could be used as a substitute for other energy sources such as DDGS in beef cattle, depending on the price.