A proposed framework for holding intensive 3Rs workshops in laboratory animal science

Siavash Ahmadi-Noorbakhsh,Jila Sadighi,Zahra Hatami,Ehsan Shamsi Gooshki 한국실험동물학회 2022 Laboratory Animal Research Vol.38 No.1

Principles of 3Rs are the backbone of today’s animal research. Applying 3Rs in practice requires proper education and training. Although this could be achieved via long-term courses ranging from several weeks to years, in some circumstances a short-term course may be the only viable option. In this paper we define scientific and ethical objectives for running short-term 3Rs workshops. To meet these objectives, we propose a 2-day workshop curriculum and an ethical framework. The curriculum comprises theoretical and practical sessions and covers Replacement, Reduction, and Refinement strategies. The ethical framework defines the responsibilities of lecturers and attendees, and proposes the animals and facilities requirements to run the proposed workshop curriculum. The attendees will be assessed at the end of the workshop and they receive certificates for working under supervision until they are deemed competent at their intended functions. The proposed curriculum and framework are not subscriptive, instead they share the experience gained through running more than 60 laboratory animal 3Rs workshops.

NLRP3-dependent lipid droplet formation contributes to posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus by increasing the permeability of the blood–cerebrospinal fluid barrier in the choroid plexus

Zhang Zhaoqi,Guo Peiwen,Liang Liang,Jila Shiju,Ru Xufang,Zhang Qiang,Chen Jingyu,Chen Zhi,Feng Hua,Chen Yujie 생화학분자생물학회 2023 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.55 No.-

Hydrocephalus is a severe complication that can result from intracerebral hemorrhage, especially if this hemorrhage extends into the ventricles. Our previous study indicated that the NLRP3 inflammasome mediates cerebrospinal fluid hypersecretion in the choroid plexus epithelium. However, the pathogenesis of posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus remains unclear, and therapeutic strategies for prevention and treatment are lacking. In this study, an Nlrp3−/− rat model of intracerebral hemorrhage with ventricular extension and primary choroid plexus epithelial cell culture were used to investigate the potential effects of NLRP3-dependent lipid droplet formation and its role in the pathogenesis of posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus. The data indicated that NLRP3-mediated dysfunction of the blood–cerebrospinal fluid barrier (B-CSFB) accelerated neurological deficits and hydrocephalus, at least in part, through the formation of lipid droplets in the choroid plexus; these lipid droplets interacted with mitochondria and increased the release of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species that destroyed tight junctions in the choroid plexus after intracerebral hemorrhage with ventricular extension. This study broadens the current understanding of the relationship among NLRP3, lipid droplets and the B-CSFB and provides a new therapeutic target for the treatment of posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus. Strategies to protect the B-CSFB may be effective therapeutic approaches for posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus.

Mechanical Properties of Concrete by Use of Astragalus Resin

Seyed, Jamal Aldin Hosseini(세예드 자말 알딘 호세이니),Hwang, Hyeon-Jong(황현종),Jila, Raeiji(질라래이지),Fatemeh, Sadat Hosseini(파테메 사다트 호세이니) 한국콘크리트학회 2021 한국콘크리트학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.33 No.2

본 연구에서는 이란 북부지역에서 흔히 볼 수 있는 황기수지를 가소제로 사용하여 콘크리트의 기계적 특성을 조사하였다. 황기수지는 시멘트 함량의 1 %∼3 %의 투입량을 사용하였다. 콘크리트의 슬럼프, 단위 중량 및 경화 특성(7일 및 28일 압축 강도)과 같은 신선한 콘크리트의 기계적 특성을 실험적으로 연구하였다. 시험 결과 콘크리트의 작업성이 향상되었으며, 시멘트 함량의 2% 배합시 콘크리트는 레올로지, 작업성, 압축강도가 증가하였다. This study investigated the mechanical properties of concrete by use of Astragalus resin which is frequently found in the north of Iran, as a plasticizer. The Astragalus resin was used with a dosage of 1 % to 3% of cement content. The mechanical properties of fresh concrete, such as slump, unit weight, and hardened properties of concrete (7-day and 28-day compressive strength). The test results indicated that the Astragalus resin improved the workability of fresh concrete. The concrete containing resin by 2% of cement content exhibited higher rheology, workability, and compressive strength.

Effects of Regular Treadmill Exercise on a DNA Oxidative-Damage Marker and Total Antioxidant Capacity in Rat Hippocampal Tissue

Soleiman Mahjoub,Arezoo Ghadi,Roghayeh Pourbagher,Karimollah Hajian-Tilaki,Jila Masrour-Roudsari 대한신경과학회 2016 Journal of Clinical Neurology Vol.12 No.4

Background and Purpose Regular exercise can result in changes in the levels of oxidative stress in the hippocampus; however, little attention has been paid to physical-activity-induced neuronal protection to exposure to lead compounds. This study investigated the effects of regular treadmill exercise on a DNA oxidative-damage marker [8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguano¬sine (8-OHdG)] and the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of hippocampal tissue in lead-ace¬tate exposed rats. Methods This study investigated the effects of 8 weeks of regular treadmill exercise on 8-OHdG and the TAC of hippocampal tissue in lead-acetate-exposed rats. Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: baseline, sham (control), lead, and exercise+lead. The ex¬ercise program involved running on a treadmill with increasing intensity five times a week for 8 weeks. Animals in the lead and exercise+lead groups received lead acetate at 20 mg/kg body weight intraperitoneally three times weekly for 8 weeks. Animals in the sham group re¬ceived solvent (ethyl oleate) at 30 mg/kg body weight three times weekly for 8 weeks. TAC and 8-OHdG were measured by spectrophotometric and ELISA techniques, respectively. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey’s post-hoc test with a significance cutoff of p≤0.05. Results The level of 8-OHdG and the TAC were significantly higher and lower, respective¬ly, in the lead group than in the baseline and sham groups (p<0.01). However, the 8-OHdG level and TAC value in hippocampal tissue were significantly decreased and increased, re-spectively, in the exercise+lead group relative to the lead group (p<0.05). Conclusions The TAC of hippocampal tissue may be directly associated with neural protec¬tion mechanisms of exercise following lead acetate injection, and the beneficial effects of regular exercise in preventing hippocampal neuronal damage could be due to decreased hippocampal oxidative stress such as reflected by a lower 8-OHdG level and increased TAC.

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency does not increase the susceptibility of sperm to oxidative stress induced by H₂O₂

Roshankhah, Shiva,Rostami-Far, Zahra,Shaveisi-Zadeh, Farhad,Movafagh, Abolfazl,Bakhtiari, Mitra,Shaveisi-Zadeh, Jila The Korean Society for Reproductive Medicine 2016 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.43 No.4

Objective: Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is the most common human enzyme defect. G6PD plays a key role in the pentose phosphate pathway, which is a major source of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH). NADPH provides the reducing equivalents for oxidation-reduction reductions involved in protecting against the toxicity of reactive oxygen species such as $H_2O_2$. We hypothesized that G6PD deficiency may reduce the amount of NADPH in sperms, thereby inhibiting the detoxification of $H_2O_2$, which could potentially affect their motility and viability, resulting in an increased susceptibility to infertility. Methods: Semen samples were obtained from four males with G6PD deficiency and eight healthy males as a control. In both groups, motile sperms were isolated from the seminal fluid and incubated with 0, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, and $120{\mu}M$ concentrations of $H_2O_2$. After 1 hour incubation at $37^{\circ}C$, sperms were evaluated for motility and viability. Results: Incubation of sperms with 10 and $20{\mu}M\;H_2O_2$ led to very little decrease in motility and viability, but motility decreased notably in both groups in 40, 60, and $80{\mu}M\;H_2O_2$, and viability decreased in both groups in 40, 60, 80, and $120{\mu}M\;H_2O_2$. However, no statistically significant differences were found between the G6PD-deficient group and controls. Conclusion: G6PD deficiency does not increase the susceptibility of sperm to oxidative stress induced by $H_2O_2$, and the reducing equivalents necessary for protection against $H_2O_2$ are most likely produced by other pathways. Therefore, G6PD deficiency cannot be considered as major risk factor for male infertility.