Metastasis associated genomic aberrations in stage II rectal cancer

Hong Zhao,Zhi-Zhou Shi,Rui Jiang,Dong-Bing Zhao,Hai-Tao Zhou,Jian-Wei Liang,Xin-Yu Bi,Jian-Jun Zhao,Zhi-Yu Li,Jian-Guo Zhou,Zhen Huang,Ye-Fan Zhang,Jian Wang,Xin Xu,Yan Cai,Ming-Rong Wang,Yu Zhang 한국유전학회 2016 Genes & Genomics Vol.38 No.11

Genomic aberrations of rectal carcinoma, especially DNA copy number changes associated with metastasis were largely unclear. We aim to identify the metastasis associated biomarkers in stage II rectal cancer. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded primary tumor tissues of stage II rectal carcinoma were analyzed by array-based comparative genomic hybridization, and genomic aberrations were identified by Genomic Workbench and SAM software. Copy number changes and mRNA expressions were validated by Real-time PCR in an independent rectal cancer samples. The results showed that the most frequent gains in stage II rectal cancer were at 1q21.2-q23.1, 3p21.31, 11q12.2-q23.3, 12q24.11-q24.31, 12q13.11-q14.1 and losses in 18q11.2-q23, 17q21.33-q22, 13q31.1-q31.3, 21q21.1-q21.3, 8p23.3-p23.1 and 4q22.1-q23. Twenty-two amplifications and five homozygous deletions were also identified. We further found that S100A1 (1q21.3-q23.1), MCM7 (7q22.1) and JUND (19p13.11) were amplified and overexpressed in stage II rectal cancer. Interestingly, the genomic aberrations affected 14 signaling pathways including VEGF signaling pathway and fatty acid metabolism. Most importantly, loss of 13q31.1-q34 and gain of 1q44 were associated with distant metastasis. Our results indicated that these metastasis associated genomic changes may be useful to reveal the pathogenesis of rectal cancer metastasis and identify candidate biomarkers.

Optimization of Reference Genes for Normalization of the Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction in Tissue Samples of Gastric Cancer

Zhao, Lian-Mei,Zheng, Zhao-Xu,Zhao, Xiwa,Shi, Juan,Bi, Jian-Jun,Pei, Wei,Feng, Qiang Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.14

For an exact comparison of mRNA transcription in different samples or tissues with real time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), it is crucial to select a suitable internal reference gene. Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and beta-actin (ACTB) have been frequently considered as house-keeping genes to normalize for changes in specific gene expression. However, it has been reported that these genes are unsuitable references in some cases, because their transcription is significantly variable under particular experimental conditions and among tissues. The present study was aimed to investigate which reference genes are most suitable for the study of gastric cancer tissues using qRT-PCR. 50 pairs of gastric cancer and corresponding peritumoral tissues were obtained from patients with gastric cancer. Absolute qRT-PCR was employed to detect the expression of GAPDH, ACTB, RPII and 18sRNA in the gastric cancer samples. Comparing gastric cancer with corresponding peritumoral tissues, GAPDH, ACTB and RPII were obviously upregulated 6.49, 5.0 and 3.68 fold, respectively. Yet 18sRNA had no obvious expression change in gastric cancer tissues and the corresponding peritumoral tissues. The expression of GAPDH, ${\beta}$-actin, RPII and 18sRNA showed no obvious changes in normal gastric epithelial cells compared with gastric cancer cell lines. The carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), a widely used clinical tumor marker, was used as a validation gene. Only when 18sRNA was used as the normalizing gene was CEA obviously elevated in gastric cancer tissues compared with peritumoral tissues. Our data show that 18sRNA is stably expressed in gastric cancer samples and corresponding peritumoral tissues. These observations confirm that there is no universal reference gene and underline the importance of specific optimization of potential reference genes for any experimental condition.

Experimental and Simulation Study of PEMFC based on Ammonia Decomposition Gas as Fuel

Zhao, Jian Feng,Liang, Yi Fan,Liang, Qian Chaos,Li, Meng Jie,Hu, Jin Yi The Korean Electrochemical Society 2022 Journal of electrochemical science and technology Vol.13 No.1

Compared with hydrogen, ammonia has the advantages of high gravimetric hydrogen densities (17.8 wt.%), ease of storage and transportation as a chemical hydrogen storage medium, while its application in small-scale on-site hydrogen production scenarios is limited by the need for complex separation equipment during high purity hydrogen production. Therefore, the study of PEMFC, which can directly utilize ammonia decomposition gas, can greatly expand the application of fuel cells. In this paper, the output characteristics, fuel efficiency and the variation trend of hydrogen concentration and local current density in the anode channel of fuel cell with the output voltage of PEMFC fueled by ammonia decomposition gas were studied by experiment and simulation. The results indicate that the maximum output power of the hybrid fuel decreases by 9.6% compared with that of the pure hydrogen fuel at the same inlet hydrogen equivalent. When the molar concentration of hydrogen in the anode channel is less than 0.12, the output characteristics of PEMFC will be seriously affected. Employing ammonia decomposition gas as fuel, the efficiency corresponding to the maximum output power of PEMFC is approximately 47%, which is 10% lower than the maximum efficiency of pure hydrogen.

ON OPIAL INEQUALITIES INVOLVING HIGHER ORDER DERIVATIVES

Zhao, Chang-Jian,Cheung, Wing-Sum Korean Mathematical Society 2012 대한수학회보 Vol.49 No.6

In the present paper we establish some new Opial-type inequalities involving higher order partial derivatives. The results in special cases yield some of the recent results on Opial's inequality and provide new estimates on inequalities of this type.

The Expression Characterization of Chicken Uncoupling Protein Gene

Zhao, Jian-Guo,Li, Hui,Wang, Yu-Xiang,Meng, He Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2005 Animal Bioscience Vol.18 No.11

The UCPs are members of the mitochondrial inner membrane transporter family, present in the mitochondrial inner membrane. Their main function is increasing the energy expenditure via diminishing the resulting production of ATP from mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation instead of yielding dissipative heat. They are associated with the metabolism of fat and regulation of energy expenditure. The UCP gene can be viewed as the candidate gene for chicken fatness. In the present study, RT-PCR and Northern Blot methods were developed to investigate the expression of the UCP gene in ten tissues including heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, gizzard, intestine, brain, breast muscle and abdominal fat of chicken. The results of both RT-PCR and Northern Blot methods showed that the UCP gene expressed specific in breast muscle. The expression levels of UCP gene in breast muscles from egg-type and meat-type chickens of hatching, 2, 4, 6 and 8 wk of age were detected by RT-PCR assay and results showed that the expression levels of UCP gene were related to breeds. Expression level of UCP gene in layers was higher than that in broilers at various weeks of age except at 6 wk. The UCP gene's expression was higher at 6 wk and had no significant difference among other weeks of age in broilers; in layers the expression level of UCP gene had no significant difference among weeks of age. The experiment results also showed that insulin could increase the expression level of UCP gene by 40% compared with control group.

ROOM-TEMPERATURE FERROMAGNETISM IN SnO 2 NANOFIBERS AND NANOTUBES PREPARED BY ELECTROSPINNING

JIAN-GUO ZHAO,WEI-YING ZHANG,ZHAO-JUN LIU,ZHONG-LI LIU,YA-JUAN ZHANG,ER-QING XIE,XIU-YUN AN,YONG-FENG CHEN,CHANG-YOU ZHANG 성균관대학교(자연과학캠퍼스) 성균나노과학기술원 2014 NANO Vol.9 No.2

SnO 2 nano¯bers and nanotubes were synthesized by electrospinning method. Magnetizationmeasurement indicates that the SnO 2 nano¯bers and nanotubes annealed in air at 500?C exhibitthe room-temperature ferromagnetism and the ferromagnetism of nanotubes is stronger than thenano¯bers. Selected area electron di®raction, X-ray di®raction and Raman measurements showthat all the samples possess a typical rutile structure and no other impurity phases are observed. The results of the Raman spectra also indicate that there are lots of defects existing in thefabricated samples. The observed room-temperature ferromagnetism in SnO 2 nano¯bers andnanotubes possibly originates from oxygen vacancies. The ¯eld cooled (FC) and zero-¯eld-cooled(ZFC) magnetization curves indicate that the Curie temperature T C is above 300 K.

Relationships of Low Serum Levels of Interleukin-10 With Poststroke Anxiety and Cognitive Impairment in Patients With Clinical Acute Stroke

Zhao-jian Ying,Yuan-Yuan Huang,Meng-Meng Shao,Chu-Huai Chi,Ming-Xia Jiang,Yi-Hui Chen,Yu-Chen,Miao-Xuan Sun,Yan-Yan Zhu,Xianmei Li 대한신경과학회 2023 Journal of Clinical Neurology Vol.19 No.3

Background and Purpose The relationships among interleukin (IL)-10 levels, anxiety, and cognitive status after stroke remain controversial. We aimed to determine the associations of serum IL-10 levels with poststroke anxiety (PSA) and poststroke cognitive impairment (PSCI). Methods We recruited 350 patients with stroke, of whom only 151 completed a 1-month follow- up assessment. The Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) were used to assess the cognitive status and anxiety, respectively. Serum IL-10 levels were measured within 24 hours of admission. Results IL-10 levels were significantly lower in the PSA group than in the non-PSA group, and they were negatively associated with HAMA scores (r=-0.371, p<0.001). After adjusting for all potential confounders, IL-10 levels remained an independent predictor of PSA (odds ratio=0.471, 95% confidence interval=0.237–0.936, p=0.032). IL-10 levels were strongly correlated with behavior during interviews, psychic anxiety, and somatic anxiety. Patients without PSCI had higher IL-10 levels were higher in non-PSCI patients than in PSCI patients, and they were positively associated with MMSE scores in the bivariate correlation analysis (r=0.169, p=0.038), and also with memory capacity, naming ability, and copying capacity. However, IL-10 did not predict PSCI in the univariable or multivariable logistic regression. Conclusions Low IL-10 levels were associated with increased risks of PSA and PSCI at a 1-month follow-up after stroke. Serum IL-10 levels may therefore be helpful in predicting PSA.

Incidence and Risk Factors of the Caudal Screw Loosening after Pelvic Fixation for Adult Spinal Deformity: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Zhao Jian,Nie Zheng,Zhou Jiangjun,Liao Dongfa,Liu Da 대한척추외과학회 2024 Asian Spine Journal Vol.18 No.1

The purpose of this study was to assess the factors affecting caudal screw loosening after spinopelvic fixation for adult patients with spinal deformity. This meta-analysis calculated the weighted mean difference (WMD) and odds ratio (OR) using Review Manager ver. 5.3 (RevMan; Cochrane, London, UK). The loosening group was older than the control group (WMD, 2.17; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.48–3.87; <i>p</i>=0.01). The S2 alar-iliac (S2AI) could prevent the caudal screw from loosening (OR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.20–0.94; <i>p</i>=0.03). However, gender distribution (<i>p</i>=0.36), the number of fusion segments (<i>p</i>=0.24), rod breakage (<i>p</i>=0.97), T-score (<i>p</i>=0.10), and proximal junctional kyphosis (<i>p</i>=0.75) demonstrated no difference. Preoperatively, only pelvic incidence (PI) in the loosening group was higher (WMD, 5.08; 95% CI, 2.71–7.45; <i>p</i><0.01), while thoracic kyphosis (<i>p</i>=0.09), lumbar lordosis (LL) (<i>p</i>=0.69), pelvic tilt (PT) (<i>p</i>=0.31), pelvic incidence minus lumbar lordosis (PI–LL) (<i>p</i>=0.35), sagittal vertical axis (SVA) (<i>p</i>=0.27), and T1 pelvic angle (TPA) demonstrated no difference (<i>p</i>=0.10). PI–LL (WMD, 6.05; 95% CI, 0.96–11.14; <i>p</i>=0.02), PT (WMD, 4.12; 95% CI, 0.99–7.26; <i>p</i>=0.01), TPA (WMD, 4.72; 95% CI, 2.35–7.09; <i>p</i><0.01), and SVA (WMD, 13.35; 95% CI, 2.83–3.87; <i>p</i>=0.001) were higher in the screw loosening group immediately postoperatively. However, TK (<i>p</i>=0.24) and LL (<i>p</i>=0.44) demonstrated no difference. TPA (WMD, 8.38; 95% CI, 3.30–13.47; <i>p</i><0.01), PT (WMD, 6.01; 95% CI, 1.47–10.55; <i>p</i>=0.01), and SVA (WMD, 23.13; 95% CI, 12.06–34.21; <i>p</i><0.01) were higher in the screw loosening group at the final follow-up. However, PI–LL (<i>p</i>=0.17) demonstrated no significant difference. Elderly individuals were more susceptible to the caudal screw loosening, and the S2AI screw might better reduce the caudal screw loosening rate than the iliac screws. The lumbar lordosis and sagittal alignment should be reconstructed properly to prevent the caudal screw from loosening. Measures to block sagittal alignment deterioration could also prevent the caudal screw from loosening.

A Design Approach for the Interior Anchorage Zone of Post-tensioned Concrete Structure

Jian-Li Zhao,Shui-Long Shen,Lin-Bing Wang,Jun Chen 대한토목학회 2011 KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Vol.15 No.3

For the interior anchorage zone in post-tensioned concrete structure, International Federation for Presterssing (FIP) proposed a design method based on the theory of Strut-and-Tie Model (STM) (called FIP-STM in the following context). However, the condition of FIP-STM is that the dimension ratio of anchor, b/h, is equal to 1/9. In this paper, the stress distribution in interior anchorage zone was analyzed via using Finite Element Method (FEM) at first. The relationship between ratio of internal force over post-tensioned load (F/P) and dimension ratio (b/h) (F/P-b/h curve) was obtained. FEM results show that in case of b/h<1/9, the interior anchorage zone can be simplified to the core region, in which b/h is equal to 1/9 and FIP-STM is still applicable. However, in case of b/h>1/9, the amount of non-prestressed rebar designed in interior anchorage zone by use of FIP-STM is more than that required, and in some cases it is difficult to allocate non-prestressed rebar in the crowded space. Based on the results of stress analysis, a modified approach for FIP-STM was presented, which can be applied for any dimension ratio. With the proposed modification on FIP-STM, the non-prestressed rebar can be reasonably allocated in the narrow space of interior anchorage zone via modifying the internal forces and geometry of FIP-STM. The analytical result shows that for interior anchorage zone about 30% of non-prestressed rebar can be reduced via using the proposed method compared with that using FIP-STM if b/h is equal to 3/10.

Crystal Structure and Thermal Stability Study on Tetrabutylammonium Hexamolybdate [n-Bu₄N]₂[Mo₆O₁₉](TBAM)

Zhao, Pu Su,Zhao, Zhan Ru,Jian, Fang Fang,Lu, Lu De Korean Chemical Society 2003 대한화학회지 Vol.47 No.6

$[n-Bu_4N]_2[Mo_6O_{19}]$(TBAM)의 결정구조는 X-ray 분석기로 결정되었다. 그 결정은 monoclinic 계이며 ${\alpha}$=16.314(5), b=17.288(5), c=17.776(4) ${\AA}$, ${\beta}$=101.47(3) 그리고 z=4의 결정파라미터를 갖는 sapce group 이 C2/c인 결정이다 $[Mo_6O{19}]^{2-}$ 음이온에서, Mo 원자는 팔면체의 여섯 개 모서리를 차지하며 각 Mo 원자는 여석개의 산소원자에 배위되어 찌그러진 팔면체 배위 기하학을 지닌다. Mo-Ot(말단기), Mo-Ob(연결된), 그리고Mo-Oc(중앙)의 평균거리는 각각 1.680 ${\AA}$, 1.931 ${\AA}$ 및 2.325 ${\AA}$ 이다. $[n-Bu_4N]^+$ 양이온에서 N원자는 약간 찌그러진 사면체 모형을 갖는다. 격자안에서 폭 넓은 C-H ${\cdots}$ O 수소결합이 있으며, 그것에 의하여 분자들을 연결하고 결정구조를 안정화 한다. 열분석에 의하여 제목의 열적분핸ㄴ 두개의 전이가 일어나며 356.0와 803.5 $^{\circ}$에서 각각 무게를 잃는다. 그리고 분해된 생성물은 $Mo_2O_2$로 추정된다. 따라서, 제목의 화합물은 높은 열적 안정성을 갖는다. The crystal structure of $[n-Bu_4N]_2[Mo_6O_{19}]$(TBAM) (n-Bu4N=tetrabutylammonium) has been determined by X-ray crystallography. It crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group C2/c, with lattice parameters ${\alpha}$=16.314(5), b=17.288(5), c=17.776(4)${\AA}$ ${\beta}$=101.47(3), and Z=4. In $[Mo_6O{19}]^{2-}$ anion, Mo atoms occupy six vertices of octahedron and each Mo atom is coordinated by six oxygen atoms to adopt distorted octahedral coordination geometry. The average bond distance of Mo-Ot (terminal), Mo-Ob (bridged) and Mo-Oc (central) are 1.680 ${\AA}$, 1.931 ${\AA}$ and 2.325 ${\AA}$ respectively. In $[n-Bu_4N]^+$ cation, the N atom possesses a slightly distorted tetrahedral geometry. There are some potential extensive C-H ${\cdots}$ O hydrogen bonds in the lattice, by which connecte molecules and stabilize the crystal structure. Thermogravimetric analysis suggests that thermal decomposition of the title compound includes two transitions and it loses weight at 356.0 and 803.5 $^{\circ}$, respectively, and the residue presumable be $Mo_2O_2$. Accordingly, the title compound has high thermal stability.