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Cha, Jihyun,Hong, Seongjin,Kim, Jaeseong,Lee, Junghyun,Yoon, Seo Joon,Lee, Sunggyu,Moon, Hyo-Bang,Shin, Kyung-Hoon,Hur, Jin,Giesy, John P.,Khim, Jong Seong Elsevier 2019 Environment international Vol.133 No.2
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This study utilized effect-directed analysis (EDA) combined with full-scan screening analysis (FSA) to identify aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-active compounds in sediments of inland creeks flowing into Lake Sihwa, South Korea. The specific objectives were to (i) investigate the major AhR-active fractions of organic extracts of sediments by using H4IIE-<I>luc in vitro</I> bioassay (4 h and 72 h exposures), (ii) quantify known AhR agonists, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and styrene oligomers (SOs), (iii) identify unknown AhR agonists by use of gas chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-QTOFMS), and (iv) determine contributions of AhR agonists to total potencies measured by use of the bioassay. FSA was conducted on fractions F2.6 and F2.7 (aromatics with log K<SUB>ow</SUB> 5–7) in extracts of sediment from Siheung Creek (industrial area). Those fractions exhibited significant AhR-mediated potency as well as relatively great concentrations of PAHs and SOs. FSA detected 461 and 449 compounds in F2.6 and F2.7, respectively. Of these, five tentative candidates of AhR agonist were selected based on NIST library matching, aromatic structures and numbers of rings, and available standards. Benz[<I>b</I>]anthracene, 11H-benzo[<I>a</I>]fluorene, and 4,5-methanochrysene exhibited significant AhR-mediated potency in the H4IIE-<I>luc</I> bioassay, and relative potencies of these compounds were determined. Potency balance analysis demonstrated that these three newly identified AhR agonists explained 1.1% to 67% of total induced AhR-mediated potencies of samples, which were particularly great for industrial sediments. Follow-up studies on sources and ecotoxicological effects of these compounds in coastal environments would be required.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> EDA combined with FSA identified unknown toxicants in industrial sediments. </LI> <LI> Benz[<I>b</I>]anthracene, 11H-benzo[<I>a</I>]fluorene, and 4,5-methanochrysene are novel AhR agonists. </LI> <LI> Benz[<I>b</I>]anthracene showed 10-fold greater AhR potency compared to benzo[<I>a</I>]pyrene. </LI> <LI> Newly identified AhR agonists significantly contributed to AhR potencies from sediments. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Lee Sang Min,Lee Sang Min,Cha Jihyun,Hong Minha,Cha Jihyun,Hong Minha 대한신경정신의학회 2023 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.20 No.2
Objective Research on neural correlates in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) associated with self-injurious behavior has mainly been performed in adults. However, studies on adolescents are scarce. We aimed to investigate the activation and connectivity of the PFC between adolescents with self-injurious behavior (ASI) and psychiatric controls (PC) using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS).Methods We used an emotion recognition task during fNIRS to assess 37 adolescents (23 with self-injurious behavior and 14 PC) between June 2020 and October 2021 and compared connectivity and activation between the two groups. We also measured adverse childhood events (ACE, Adverse Childhood Experiences) and performed a correlation analysis of channel activation according to ACE total scores.Results The difference in activation between the groups was not statistically significant. The connectivity of channel 6 was statistically significant. The interaction between channel 6 and the ACE total score showed statistical significance between the two groups(t[33] -2.61; p=0.014). The ASI group showed a negative correlation with the total ACE score.Conclusion This is the first study to investigate PFC connectivity using fNIRS in ASI. It has the implication of a novel attempt with a practically useful tool to uncover neurobiological differences among Korean adolescents.
Microbial and biochemical basis of a Fusarium wilt-suppressive soil
Cha, Jae-Yul,Han, Sangjo,Hong, Hee-Jeon,Cho, Hyunji,Kim, Daran,Kwon, Youngho,Kwon, Soon-Kyeong,Crü,semann, Max,Bok Lee, Yong,Kim, Jihyun F,Giaever, Guri,Nislow, Corey,Moore, Bradley S,Thomashow, L Springer Science and Business Media LLC 2016 The ISME journal Vol.10 No.1
<P>Crops lack genetic resistance to most necrotrophic pathogens. To compensate for this disadvantage, plants recruit antagonistic members of the soil microbiome to defend their roots against pathogens and other pests. The best examples of this microbially based defense of roots are observed in disease-suppressive soils in which suppressiveness is induced by continuously growing crops that are susceptible to a pathogen, but the molecular basis of most is poorly understood. Here we report the microbial characterization of a Korean soil with specific suppressiveness to Fusarium wilt of strawberry. In this soil, an attack on strawberry roots by Fusarium oxysporum results in a response by microbial defenders, of which members of the Actinobacteria appear to have a key role. We also identify Streptomyces genes responsible for the ribosomal synthesis of a novel heat-stable antifungal thiopeptide antibiotic inhibitory to F. oxysporum and the antibiotic's mode of action against fungal cell wall biosynthesis. Both classical-and community-oriented approaches were required to dissect this suppressive soil from the field to the molecular level, and the results highlight the role of natural antibiotics as weapons in the microbial warfare in the rhizosphere that is integral to plant health, vigor and development.</P>
친환경 건축물 인증제도인 유럽의 Active House와 국내 녹색건축인증제의 평가항목 비교분석 연구
차예지(Cha, Ye-Ji),박지현(Park, Jihyun) 대한건축학회 2022 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.38 No.11
The world has been establishing policies that consider the environment whereas the construction industry has created and implemented an eco-friendly building evaluation system. In Korea, the mandatory policy of zero-energy buildings has been established since 2020. Overall, awareness and understanding of the Green Standard for Energy & Environmental Design (G-SEED), green architecture, and the environmental certification system are needed. Active House Certification in Europe is a green building certification that has the advantage of being friendly and easy to understand for the public. This study aims to present concepts of environmental certification systems to identify solutions for the active implementation of sustainable features in Korea through the comparison of G-SEED in Korea and Active House Certification in Europe. This study compares, analyzes, and evaluates the evaluation classification system, composition and detailed criteria of Active House certification and G-SEED.
보육시설 이용 어머니의 격리불안 측정 도구 개발 및 평가
차효성(Cha, Hyo Sung),고지현(Ko, Jihyun),이경주(Lee, Kyoung Ju),최애리(Choi, Aelee),이건정(Lee, Gunjung) 한국산학기술학회 2016 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.17 No.1
본 연구의 목적은 보육시설을 이용하는 어머니의 격리불안을 측정하는 도구를 개발하고, 개발된 도구의 타당성을 검증하는 것이다. 도구의 개발은 예비문항 구성, 타당도와 신뢰도 검정을 거쳐 칙종문항을 추출하였다. 예비문항은 문헌고찰과 인터뷰를 통해 구성하였고 내용타당도는 5명의 전문가에게 검정을 받았다. 확정된 설문지를 이용하여 편의추출 방법으로 204명의 보육시설이용 어머니로부터 자료를 수집하였다. 문항분석과 탐색적 요인분석, 확인적 요인분석으로 구성타당도를 검정하였다. 탐색적 요인분석과 확인적 요인분석결과 6개 요인으로 수렴되었으며, 최종적으로 도출된 도구는 보육시설 이용 어머니의 죄책감(5문항), 보육시설 안전(5문항), 보육교사 신뢰(5문항), 보육시설 이용 아이의 불안(4문항), 보육시설 이용 아이와의 상호작용 불안(4문항), 보육시설 관리(3문항)의 총 26문항으로 구성 되었다. 본 도구의 신뢰도 Cronbach's a는 .93이다. 결론적으로 본 도구는 타당도와 신뢰도가 검정된 보육시설 이용 어머니의 격리불안 측정에 적합한 측정도구로 볼 수 있다. The aim of this study was to develop and validate an instrument to measure the separation anxiety of mothers who use child care facilities. The scale was developed as follows: initial items generated, validity and reliability tests performed, and final items extracted. The initial items were developed through a literature review and interviews. The content validity was verified by five experts. Using a final questionnaire, the data was collected from 204 mothers who used child care facilities with a convenient sampling method. The construct validity was evaluated by item analysis, exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. The results of confirmatory and exploratory faιtor analyses showed that the separation anxiety consisted of 6 factors: the mother's guilty feelings (5-items), safety of child care facilities (5-items), trust of teachers (5-items), child's anxiety (4-items), interaction with the child (4-items), and management of child care facilities (3-items). The separation anxiety scale for mothers using child care facilities consisted of 26 items. The reliability of the developed scale was examined. The Cronbach's a coefficient was 0.93. These results show that this scale is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring the separation anxiety level of mothers who use child care facilities.
Food Source Analysis of Rattus norvegicus, a Coinhabitant of Marine Birds in South Korea
Kang, Jihyun,Cha, Hyoun-Gi,Shin, Hyun Chul,Lee, Yunkyong,No, Doory,Kim, Wooyoung,Eum, Soon Jae National Institute of Ecology 2022 국립생태원회보(PNIE) Vol.3 No.3
The Chinese crested tern (Thalasseus bersteini) is one of the most globally endangered species, listed as "Critically Endangered (CE)" on the IUCN Red List, with only approximately 30-49 individuals surviving in the wild. Chinese crested terns were discovered to breed in South Korea for the first time in 2016 while conducting a census on uninhabited islands. The Ministry of Environment has declared the breeding habitat of the Chinese crested terns as "Specified Island" to protect this CE species. However, brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) inhabiting the breeding grounds of the Chinese crested terns and Black-tailed gulls may potentially pose a threat to the breeding of these avian species. Therefore, we conducted a study on the feeding behavior of brown rats involving stable isotope analysis to determine their food sources. Fecal analysis showed that brown rats mainly fed on plants, whereas they scarcely fed on animals, such as insects. In addition, the stable isotope analysis showed that the δ<sup>13</sup>C values of brown rats, insects, and Indian goosegrasses were approximately -16 to -11‰, whereas the δ<sup>13</sup>C value of Chinese crested terns that obtained their food from the marine ecosystem was approximately -22 to -18‰. Hence, we conclude that the source of carbon for brown rats on this island is the terrestrial ecosystem. We ruled out the possibility of any direct prey-predator interaction between the brown rat and the Chinese crested tern or Black-tailed gull.