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Electronic structure of charged bilayer and trilayer phosphorene
Jhun, Bukyoung,Park, Cheol-Hwan American Physical Society 2017 Physical Review B Vol.96 No.8
<P>We have investigated the electronic structure of charged bilayer and trilayer phoshporene using first-principles density functional theory calculations. We find that the effective dielectric constant for an external electric field applied perpendicular to phosphorene layers increases with the charge density and is twice as large as in an undoped system if the electron density is around 5 x 10(13) cm(-2). It is known that if few-layer phosphorene is placed under such an electric field, the electron band gap decreases, and if the strength of the electric field is further increased, the band gap closes. We show that the electronic screening due to added charge carriers reduces the amount of this reduction in the band gap and increases the critical strength of the electric field for gap closure. If the electron density is around 4 x 10(13) cm(-2), for example, this critical field for trilayer phosphorene is 40% higher than that for a charge-neutral system. The results are directly relevant to experiments on few-layer phosphorene with top and bottom electrical gates and/or with chemical dopants.</P>
Jhun, Hyung-Joon,Kim, Ho,Cho, Sung-Il The Korean Academy of Medical Sciences 2011 JOURNAL OF KOREAN MEDICAL SCIENCE Vol.26 No.5
<P>We examined time trend and age-period-cohort effects on acute myocardial infarction (AMI) mortality in Korean adults from 1988 to 2007. Annual AMI mortality data and population statistics from 1988 to 2007 were obtained from the STATISTICS KOREA website. Age adjusted mortality for four 5-yr calendar periods (1988-1992 to 2003-2007) was calculated by direct standardization using the Year 2000 WHO world standard population. A log-linear Poisson regression model was used to estimate age, period, and cohort effects on AMI mortality. In both genders, age-adjusted AMI mortality increased from period one (1988-1992) to period three (1998-2002) but decreased in period four (2003-2007). An exponential age effect was noted in both genders. The rate ratio of the cohort effect increased up to the 1943 birth cohort and decreased gradually thereafter, and the rate ratio of the period effect increased up to period three (1998-2002) and decreased thereafter. Our results suggest that AMI mortality in Korean adults has decreased since the period 1998-2002 and age, period, and cohort effects have influenced on AMI mortality.</P>
Jhun, Hyung-Joon,Seo, Hong-Gwan,Lee, Do-Hoon,Sung, Moon-Woo,Kang, Yoon-Dan,Syn, Hee Chul,Jun, Jong Kwan The Korean Academy of Medical Sciences 2010 JOURNAL OF KOREAN MEDICAL SCIENCE Vol.25 No.5
<P>This study examined urinary cotinine levels and self-reported smoking among pregnant women in Korea and the factors associated with smoking during pregnancy. The subjects were selected from pregnant women who visited 30 randomly sampled obstetric clinics and prenatal care hospitals in Korea in 2006. Smoking status was determined by self-reporting and urinary cotinine measurement. A total of 1,090 self-administered questionnaires and 1,057 urine samples were analyzed. The percentage of smoking revealed by self-reporting was 0.55% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.11-0.99) and that revealed by urinary cotinine measurement (>100 ng/mL) was 3.03% (95% CI, 1.99-4.06). The kappa coefficient of agreement between self-reported smoking status and urinary cotinine measurement was 0.20 (95% CI, 0.03-0.37). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that early gestational period, low educational level, and being married to a smoker were significant risk factors for smoking during pregnancy. Smoking among pregnant women in Korea is not negligible, and those who are concerned to maternal and child health should be aware of this possibility among pregnant women in countries with similar cultural background.</P>
Amikacin Inhalation as Salvage Therapy for Refractory Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Lung Disease
Jhun, Byung Woo,Yang, Bumhee,Moon, Seong Mi,Lee, Hyun,Park, Hye Yun,Jeon, Kyeongman,Kwon, O Jung,Ahn, Jungmin,Moon, Il Joon,Shin, Sung Jae,Daley, Charles L.,Koh, Won-Jung American Society for Microbiology 2018 Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Vol.62 No.7
<P>Although guidelines recommend amikacin (AMK) inhalation therapy for difficult-to-treat nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease (NTM-LD), data are limited regarding the safety and clinical efficacy of this salvage therapy. We retrospectively evaluated the treatment outcomes of 77 patients with refractory NTM-LD caused by Mycobacterium abscessus complex (MABC) or M. avium complex (MAC) who initiated AMK inhalation therapy between February 2015 and June 2016. MABC was the most common etiology (n = 48, 62%), followed by MAC (n = 20, 26%) and mixed infections (n = 9, 12%). Isolates with macrolide resistance and baseline AMK resistance were identified in 63 (82%) patients and 5 (6%) patients, respectively. At 12 months after AMK inhalation therapy, 49% of patients had symptomatic improvement, whereas 42% had radiological improvement. Conversion to a negative sputum culture occurred in 14 (18%) patients, and the culture conversion rate was higher in patients infected with macrolide-susceptible isolates (7/14, 50%) than in those infected with macrolide-resistant isolates (7/63, 11%) (P = 0.003). Significant decreases in sputum semiquantitative culture positivity occurred after AMK inhalation therapy (P < 0.001). On multivariate analysis, conversion to a negative sputum culture was associated with mixed infections (P = 0.009), a forced expiratory volume in 1 s of greater than 60% (P = 0.008), and the absence of macrolide resistance (P = 0.003). Thirty-eight percent of patients experienced adverse effects, with ototoxicity (n = 15) being the most common. AMK inhalation salvage therapy may improve the treatment responses in some patients with refractory NTM-LD. However, considering the common adverse effects, further evaluation of the optimal dosage and intervals for AMK inhalation therapy is needed.</P>