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Vitamin D Status in South Korean Military Personnel with Acute Eosinophilic Pneumonia: A Pilot Study
Jhun, Byung Woo,Kim, Se Jin,Kim, Kang,Lee, Ji Eun,Hong, Duck Jin The Korean Academy of Tuberculosis and Respiratory 2015 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.78 No.3
Background: A relationship between low vitamin D levels and the development or outcomes of respiratory diseases has been identified. However, there is no data on the vitamin D status in patients with acute eosinophilic pneumonia (AEP). We evaluated the vitamin D status in patients with AEP among South Korean military personnel. Methods: We prospectively compared the serum levels of total 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], 25(OH)D3, and 25(OH)D2 among patients with AEP, pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), and community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Results: In total, 65 patients with respiratory diseases, including AEP (n=24), PTB (n=19), and CAP (n=22), were identified. Of the 24 patients with AEP, 2 (8%) had deficient total 25(OH)D levels (<10 ng/mL), 17 (71%) had insufficient total 25(OH)D levels (${\geq}10$ to <30 ng/mL), and only 5 (21%) had sufficient total 25(OH)D levels (${\geq}30$ to <100 ng/mL). The difference in the total 25(OH)D levels among patients with AEP, PTB, and CAP was not statistically significant (p=0.230). The median levels of total 25(OH)D, 25(OH)D3, and 25(OH)D2 were 22.84, 22.84, and 0.00 ng/mL, respectively, and no differences in the 25(OH)D level were present among patients with AEP, PTB, and CAP with the exception of the total 25(OH)D level between patients with AEP and PTB (p=0.042). Conclusion: We have shown that low vitamin D levels are frequently found in patients with AEP and are comparable with those in patients with PTB and CAP.
On a Modified k-spatial Medians Clustering
Jhun, Myoungshic,Jin, Seohoon The Korean Statistical Society 2000 Journal of the Korean Statistical Society Vol.29 No.2
This paper is concerned with a modification of the k-spatial medians clustering. To find a suitable number of clusters, the number k of clusters is incorporated into the k-spatial medians clustering criterion through a weight function. Proposed method for the choice of the weight function offers a reasonable number of clusters. Some theoretical properties of the method are investigated along with some examples.
Evidence for the Ras-Independent Signaling Pathway Regulating Insulin-Induced DNA Synthesis
Jhun, Byung H. The Korea Science and Technology Center 1999 BMB Reports Vol.32 No.2
The existence of the Ras-independent signal transduction pathway of insulin leading to DNA synthesis was investigated in Rat-1 fibroblasts overexpressing human insulin receptor (HIRc-B) using the single-cell microinjection technique. Microinjection of a dominant-negative mutant Ras protein into quiescent HIRc-B cells inhibited the DNA synthesis stimulated by insulin. Microinjection of oncogenic H-Ras protein (H-Ras) (0.1㎎/ml) induced DNA synthesis by 35%, whereas that of control-injected IgG was induced by 20%. When the maginal amount of oncogenic H-Ras protein was coinjected with a dominant-negative mutant of the H-Ras protein(H-Ras), DNA synthesis was 35% and 74% in the absence and presence of insulin, respectively. This full recovery of DNA synthesis by insulin suggests the existence of the Ras-independent pathway. The same recovery was observed in the cells coinjected with either H-Ras H-Ras plus SH2 domain of the p85 subunit of PI3-kinase(p85) or H-Ras plus H-Ras plus interfering anti-Shc antibody. When coinjected with a dominant-negative Rac1, the DNA synthesis induced by the Ras-independent pathway was blocked. These results indicate that the Ras-independent pathway of insulin leading to DNA synthesis exists, bypassing the p85 of PI3-kinse and Shc protein, and requires Rac1 protein.
Electronic structure of charged bilayer and trilayer phosphorene
Jhun, Bukyoung,Park, Cheol-Hwan American Physical Society 2017 Physical Review B Vol.96 No.8
<P>We have investigated the electronic structure of charged bilayer and trilayer phoshporene using first-principles density functional theory calculations. We find that the effective dielectric constant for an external electric field applied perpendicular to phosphorene layers increases with the charge density and is twice as large as in an undoped system if the electron density is around 5 x 10(13) cm(-2). It is known that if few-layer phosphorene is placed under such an electric field, the electron band gap decreases, and if the strength of the electric field is further increased, the band gap closes. We show that the electronic screening due to added charge carriers reduces the amount of this reduction in the band gap and increases the critical strength of the electric field for gap closure. If the electron density is around 4 x 10(13) cm(-2), for example, this critical field for trilayer phosphorene is 40% higher than that for a charge-neutral system. The results are directly relevant to experiments on few-layer phosphorene with top and bottom electrical gates and/or with chemical dopants.</P>
Evidence for the Ras-Independent Signaling Pathway Regulating Insulin-Induced DNA Synthesis
Jhun, Byung-H. Korean Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biol 1999 Journal of biochemistry and molecular biology Vol.32 No.2
The existence of the Ras-independent signal transduction pathway of insulin leading to DNA synthesis was investigated in Rat-1 fibroblasts overexpressing human insulin receptor (HIRc-B) using the single-cell microinjection technique. Microinjection of a dominant-negative mutant $Ras^{N17}$ protein into quiescent HIRc-B cells inhibited the DNA synthesis stimulated by insulin. Microinjection of oncogenic H-$Ras^{V12}$ protein ($H-Ras^{V12}$) (0.1 mg/ml) induced DNA synthesis by 35%, whereas that of control-injected IgG was induced by 20%. When the marginal amount of oncogenic H-$Ras^{V12}$ protein was coinjected with a dominant-negative mutant of the H-Ras protein ($Ras^{N17}$), DNA synthesis was 35% and 74% in the absence and presence of insulin, respectively. This full recovery of DNA synthesis by insulin suggests the existence of the Ras-independent pathway. The same recovery was observed in the cells coinjected with either H-$Ras^{V12}$ plus H-$Ras^{N17}$ plus SH2 domain of the p85 subunit of PI3-kinase ($p85^{SH2-N}$) or H-$Ras^{V12}$ plus H-$Ras^{N17}$ plus interfering anti-Shc antibody. When co-injected with a dominant-negative H-$Ras^{N17}$, the DNA synthesis induced by the Ras-independent pathway was blocked. These results indicate that the Ras-independent pathway of insulin leading to DNA synthesis exists, bypassing the p85 of PI3-kinase and Shc protein, and requires Rac1 protein.
Amikacin Inhalation as Salvage Therapy for Refractory Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Lung Disease
Jhun, Byung Woo,Yang, Bumhee,Moon, Seong Mi,Lee, Hyun,Park, Hye Yun,Jeon, Kyeongman,Kwon, O Jung,Ahn, Jungmin,Moon, Il Joon,Shin, Sung Jae,Daley, Charles L.,Koh, Won-Jung American Society for Microbiology 2018 Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Vol.62 No.7
<P>Although guidelines recommend amikacin (AMK) inhalation therapy for difficult-to-treat nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease (NTM-LD), data are limited regarding the safety and clinical efficacy of this salvage therapy. We retrospectively evaluated the treatment outcomes of 77 patients with refractory NTM-LD caused by Mycobacterium abscessus complex (MABC) or M. avium complex (MAC) who initiated AMK inhalation therapy between February 2015 and June 2016. MABC was the most common etiology (n = 48, 62%), followed by MAC (n = 20, 26%) and mixed infections (n = 9, 12%). Isolates with macrolide resistance and baseline AMK resistance were identified in 63 (82%) patients and 5 (6%) patients, respectively. At 12 months after AMK inhalation therapy, 49% of patients had symptomatic improvement, whereas 42% had radiological improvement. Conversion to a negative sputum culture occurred in 14 (18%) patients, and the culture conversion rate was higher in patients infected with macrolide-susceptible isolates (7/14, 50%) than in those infected with macrolide-resistant isolates (7/63, 11%) (P = 0.003). Significant decreases in sputum semiquantitative culture positivity occurred after AMK inhalation therapy (P < 0.001). On multivariate analysis, conversion to a negative sputum culture was associated with mixed infections (P = 0.009), a forced expiratory volume in 1 s of greater than 60% (P = 0.008), and the absence of macrolide resistance (P = 0.003). Thirty-eight percent of patients experienced adverse effects, with ototoxicity (n = 15) being the most common. AMK inhalation salvage therapy may improve the treatment responses in some patients with refractory NTM-LD. However, considering the common adverse effects, further evaluation of the optimal dosage and intervals for AMK inhalation therapy is needed.</P>