The effects of antibiotics on the reproductive physiology targeting ovaries in the Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus

Ha Young‐Ran,Jeong Se‐Jin,Jang Chang‐Won,Chang Kyu‐Sik,Kim Hyun‐Woo,Cho Shin‐Hyoung,Lee Hee‐Il 한국곤충학회 2021 Entomological Research Vol.51 No.2

Mosquitoes have adapted to various environmental conditions. Symbionts with mosquitoes impact this adaptation in different environments. In the field, mosquitoes could get exposed to antibiotics during their developmental period, which could reduce or eliminate their symbiotic microbes. However, the side effects of the antibiotics on the ovary and reproductive physiology of the Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the effects of tetracycline and combinations of rifampicin and tetracycline at environmentally acceptable levels on the reproductive physiology of ovaries in Ae. albopictus. Rifampicin and tetracycline in combination reduced the hatching rate and fertility of Ae. albopictus compared to the untreated control group. These antibiotics induced histopathological damage and reactive oxygen species production in the ovaries. The combination of antibiotics decreased the expression of surface protein of Wolbachia (WSP) in Ae. albopictus. Additionally, the expression of Toll like receptor 2 (TLR2) and Myd88 were triggered by the combinations. The findings demonstrate the detrimental effects of antibiotics, particularly combinations of rifampicin and tetracycline, on the reproductive capacity of Ae. albopictus females.

Original Articles : Clinical significance of occult hepatitis B virus infection in chronic hepatitis C patients

( Jae Young Jang ),( Soung Won Jeong ),( Sung Ran Cheon1 ),( Sae Hwan Lee1 ),( Sang Gyune Kim ),( Young Koog Cheon ),( Young Seok Kim1 ),( Young Deok Cho1 ),( Hong Soo Kim ),( So Young Jin ),( Yun Soo 대한간학회 2011 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.17 No.3

Background/Aims: We investigated the frequency of occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV)-positive individuals and the effects of occult HBV infection on the severity of liver disease. Methods: Seventy-one hepatitis B virus surface-antigen (HBsAg)-negative patients were divided according to their HBV serological status into groups A (anti-HBc positive, anti-HBs negative; n=18), B (anti-HBc positive, anti-HBs positive; n=34), and C (anti-HBc negative, anti-HBs positive/negative; n=19), and by anti-HCV positivity (anti-HCV positive; n=32 vs. anti-HCV negative; n=39). Liver biopsy samples were taken, and HBV DNA was quantified by real-time PCR. Results: Intrahepatic HBV DNA was detected in 32.4% (23/71) of the entire cohort, and HBV DNA levels were invariably low in the different groups. Occult HBV infection was detected more frequently in the anti-HBc-positive patients. Intrahepatic HBV DNA was detected in 28.1% (9/32) of the anti-HCV-positive and 35.9% (14/39) of the anti-HCV-negative subjects. The HCV genotype did not affect the detection rate of intrahepatic HBV DNA. In anti-HCV-positive cases, occult HBV infection did not affect liver disease severity. Conclusions: Low levels of intrahepatic HBV DNA were detected frequently in both HBsAg-negative and anti-HCV-positive cases. However, the frequency of occult HBV infection was not affected by the presence of hepatitis C, and occult HBV infection did not have a significant effect on the disease severity of hepatitis C. (Korean J Hepatol 2011;17:206-212)

Purple grape juice supplementation in smokers and antioxidant status according to different types of <i>GST </i> polymorphisms

Cho, Mi-Ran,Han, Jeong-Hwa,Lee, Hye-Jin,Park, Yoo Kyoung,Kang, Myung-Hee the Society for Free Radical Research Japan 2015 Journal of clinical biochemistry and nutrition Vol.56 No.1

<P>DNA damages and antioxidant status was assessed after 8 weeks of purple grape juice supplementation in male smokers depending on the glutathione <I>S</I>-transferase polymorphisms. Ninety-five smokers consumed 480 ml of purple grape juice for 8 weeks. The blood samples were collected before and after supplementation to measure lymphocyte DNA damages, plasma antioxidants, conjugated diene, and the erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes. The diastolic pressure, lymphocyte DNA damage, and plasma conjugated diene were significantly decreased but the plasma γ-tocopherol was increased in <I>GSTM1</I>-null genotype, while increased blood glutathione and decreased lymphocyte DNA damage were observed in <I>GSTM1</I>-present genotype. In case of <I>GSTT1</I> on the other hand, the decrease in diastolic pressure and lymphocyte DNA damage was observed in both null types and present types, but the erythrocyte catalase activity was decreased in <I>GSTT1</I>-null type and the plasma vitamin C level was increased in <I>GSTT1</I>-present type, suggesting that, the antioxidant effect of grape juice was greater in <I>GSTT1</I>-present type compared to <I>GSTT1</I>-null type. The intakes of 8-week purple grape juice affected diastolic blood pressures, DNA damage reductions and antioxidant status in smokers, mainly greater in <I>GSTM1</I>-null type and <I>GSTT1</I>-present type.</P>

Analysis of genetic diversity of cowpea Landraces from Korea determined by Simple Sequence Repeats and establishment of a core collection

Jeong Ran Lee,Hyung Jin Baek,Mun Sup Yoon,Sang Koo Park,Yang Hee Cho,Chang Yung Kim 한국육종학회 2009 한국육종학회지 Vol.41 No.4

Cowpea might have been introduced from China to Korea and cultivated for several hundred years but it has never been a staple food crop in Korea. In this study, genetic diversity of 492 Korean cowpea landrace accessions that have passport information was estimated using six SSR markers. The mean of Weir's gene diversity was 0.665 from all accessions investigated in the study. Cowpea gene diversity of six local provinces in Korea was ranged from 0.370 in accessions of Gangwon to 0.680 in Jeonra provinces. Low gene diversity of the cowpea genepool of Gangwon province was probably derived from relatively few introductions. Especially SSR markers VM36 and VM39 seem to be good markers to distinguish the Gangwon accessions from others by occurring at a specific locus with higher than 78% of allele frequency. Except for the Gangwon province with the low genetic diversity, gene diversity of cowpea accessions from other provinces was ranged from 0.600 to 0.680 indicating no big differences among provinces. Distribution pattern of the allele frequencies was similar among the other provinces. This may reveal that Korean farmers might exchange cowpea seeds easily with even their neighbors with geographical barriers. A core collection, 100 landraces, ca. 20% of base collection, was developed at the 70% of a similarity coefficient level using random sampling approaches after stratification of the entire landrace collection based on the phenetic dendrogram. The variability of SSR in the base and core collections of Korean cowpea landrace was compared by calculating Weir's gene diversity. The mean of Weir's gene diversity of the core was 0.707 while that of the base collection was 0.665. The higher diversity index in the core collection indicates that it maintains the initial variability and well represents the base collection. The core collection included one of determinate accession (IT 216155) and two of no branching type accessions (IT 103959 and IT 161024). The core collection could be used to guide more efficient management and utilization of the entire collection. This core collection should be revised periodically as additional accessions are collected and further characterization is conducted.

Agrobacterium-mediated Transformation of Apple Fuji Using MdJOINTLESS Gene

Jeong-Hee Kim,Seong Heo,Sang Eun Han,Il Sheob Shin,Kang-Hee Cho,Dae-Hyun Kim,Hyun Ran Kim,Jeong Hwan Hwang 한국원예학회 2010 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.2010 No.5

Efficacy of a Hierarchical Treatment of Aphasic Perseveration (TAP) Program : A Case Study

Jeong, Ok Ran,Lee, Sang Heun,Cho,Tae Hwan,Sohn, Jin Ho,Yeh, Mi Kyung 한국음성과학회 2001 음성과학 Vol.8 No.1

This paper explored the effectiveness of a hierarchical Treatment of Aphasic Pcr-Teveratiorx (TAP) program on an aphasic in two regards: decrease in the frequency of perseveration and improvement in naming ability. The subject was a 54-year-old female with Transcortical Sensory (TC) aphasia following a left ischemic crcbrovascular Accident (CVA). It was concluded that the hierarchical TAIL program was more effective and efficient in terms of decreasing perseveration and increasing correct naming performance. Within the data of the hierarchical TAP program, however, a substantial decrease in the frequency of occurrence of perseverative behaviors did not necessarily result in proportionate improvement of naming ability. The probable causes and reasons were discussed,

Time-dependent Changes of Cadmium and Metallothionein after Short-term Exposure to Cadmium in Rats

Cho, Mi-Ran,Kang, Hwan-Goo,Jeong, Sang-Hee,Cho, Myung-Haing Korean Society of ToxicologyKorea Environmental Mu 2010 Toxicological Research Vol.27 No.2

The time-dependent changes in cadmium (Cd) concentration were studied in Female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats during and after Cd exposure via drinking water (10 and 50 ppm) for 30 days. The cadmium concentration in muscle, liver, kidney, blood plasma, and urine, and the metallothionein concentration in blood plasma were determined every 10 days during exposure and every 7 days after exposure for 3 weeks. The muscle Cd concentration did not change during, and neither after, exposure. The liver Cd concentration increased from 1.4 to 3.3 (at 10 ppm) and from 6.1 to 10.1 folds (at 50 ppm) during exposure and remained higher than those of controls in both groups even during post-exposure period. The kidney Cd concentrations were 2.3 to 5.1 (at 10 ppm) and 4.9-14.0 folds (at 50 ppm) higher than those of controls during exposure and also remained elevated during the post-exposure period. Plasma Cd concentrations were not significantly different from those of controls in both groups. Urine Cd concentrations were more than 2 folds (at 10 ppm) and 6.5 to 12.6 folds (at 50 ppm) higher than those of controls but rapidly decreased over the 7 days of withdrawal. Blood plasma metallothionein concentrations were more than 2.4 folds (at 10 ppm) and 3.1 to 7.4 folds (at 50 ppm), and they remained elevated till 7 days (10 ppm) and 14 days (at 50 ppm) after exposure. Our data support that Cd in urine could be a useful biomarker during Cd exposure period and metallothionein in blood plasma could be as a supportive biological marker for during and post Cd exposure.

Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Korean Soybean Landrace [Glycine max(L.) Merr.]

Cho, Gyu-Taek,Lee, Jeong-Ran,Moon, Jung-Kyung,Yoon, Mun-Sup,Baek, Hyung-Jin,Kang, Jung-Hoon,Kim, Tae-San,Paek, Nam-Chon The Korean Society of Crop Science 2008 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.11 No.2

Two hundred and sixty Korean soybean landrace accessions were analyzed for polymorphism at 92 simple sequence repeat(SSR) loci. The 995 identified alleles served as raw data for estimating genetic diversity and population structure. The number of alleles at a locus ranged from three to 27 with a mean of 10.4 alleles per locus. $F_{ST}$ values estimated by analysis of molecular variance(AMOVA) using SSR data set were 0.018, 0.027, and 0.016 for usage, collection site and maturity groups, respectively, indicating little genetic differentiation. The model-based clustering analysis placed the accessions into three clusters(K=3) with 0.0503 of $F_{ST}$, indicating moderate genetic differentiation. Duncan's Multiple Range Test at K = 3 on the basis of 18 quantitative traits revealed that one cluster was mainly differentiated from the other two clusters by seed related traits and the other two clusters were differentiated from each other by biochemical traits. Genetic structure of Korean soybean landraces was differentiated by model-based clustering and supported by their phenotypic traits in part. This preliminary study could be the first step towards more efficient germplasm management and utilization of soybean landraces and helpful in association studies between genotypic and phenotypic traits in Korean soybean landraces.

Development of a Core Set of Korean Soybean Landraces [Glycine max(L.) Merr.]

Cho, Gyu-Taek,Yoon, Mun-Sup,Lee, Jeong-Ran,Baek, Hyung-Jin,Kang, Jung-Hoon,Kim, Tae-San,Paek, Nam-Chon The Korean Society of Crop Science 2008 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.11 No.3

A total of 2,765 accessions were used as the initial set having both seed coat color and 100-seed weight data. As a result of molecular profiling using six SSR markers followed by stratification based on their usages, 335 accessions(12.1%) were selected by clustering based on UPGMA. Since 75 out of 335 accessions were mixed in phenotypic traits as a result of characterization, 260 accessions were finally set as a core set. This core set revealed nearly the same diversity compared with the other results on morphological traits of Korean soybean landraces. In total, 115 alleles(19.2 alleles per locus) were detected in the initial set and 79 alleles(13.2 alleles per locus) were detected in the core set. All 30 major alleles were present in the initial set and in the core set as well. In allele coverage, the core set was 71.4% of the initial set. These comparisons of number of alleles, gene diversity and coverage indicated that the core set represented the entire set well.

Lipopolysaccharide alleviates liver injury induced by thioacetamide in rats

( Jeong Ran Park ),( Eun Jeong Kim ),( Jung Won Yang ),( Han Byeol Lee ),( Seok Ho Hong ),( Seung Koo Lee ),( In Bum Seo ),( Se Min Ryu ),( Sung Joon Cho ),( Heung Myong Woo ),( Sung Min Park ),( Se R 한국예방수의학회 2013 예방수의학회지 Vol.37 No.3

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is the major of outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria and one of the most potent microbial initiators of inflammation. From the previous study showed that exposure to a low dose of LPS renders animals tolerant to a lethal dose of LPS, and protects against the toxicity of various chemicals. However, the effects of LPS treatment in thioacetamide (TA) - induced liver injury remain largely unknown. Liver injury caused by various toxic chemicals such as carbon tetrachloride, alcohol, dimethylnitrosamine. Here, we induced rat liver injury by intraperitoneal injection of TA, a representative hepatic fibrosis inducer. In this study, we investigated the effects of LPS in TA group, LPS group, LPS/TA group and vehicle control group on Sprague-Dawely rats (five rats for each group). All rats at the end of the experiment were sacrificed, and liver and serum were obtained. Serological analysis and hematoxylin and eosin staining showed that LPS/TA co-treatment was associated with decrease of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT) and totalbilirubin and fibrosis than in TA-treated rats. RT-PCR showed that the levels of IL-6 and Cox2 mRNA were lower in the liver of LPS/TA-cotreated rats than in TA-treated rats. There were no significant differences ALT, ALP, AST, total-bilirubin, IL-6 and Cox2 between vehicle control and LPS-treated rats. These results imply that LPS/TA cotreatment partially alleviates the TA-induced liver injury of rats by reducing inflammatory response.