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An Improvement on Robust H<SUB>∞</SUB> Control for Uncertain Continuous-Time Descriptor Systems
Hung-Jen Lee,Shih-Wei Kau,Yung-Sheng Liu,Chun-Hsiung Fang,Jian-Liung Chen,Ming-Hung Tsai,Li Lee 대한전기학회 2006 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.4 No.3
This paper proposes a new approach to solve robust H∞ control problems for uncertain continuous-time descriptor systems. Necessary and sufficient conditions for robust H∞ control analysis and design are derived and expressed in terms of a set of LMIs. In the proposed approach, the uncertainties are allowed to appear in all system matrices. Furthermore, a couple of assumptions that are required in earlier design methods are not needed anymore in the present one. The derived conditions also include several interesting results existing in the literature as special cases.
Xie, Shaozhen,Lee, Yi-Fen,Kim, Eungseok,Chen, Lu-Min,Ni, Jing,Fang, Lei-Ya,Liu, Su,Lin, Shin-Jen,Abe, Jun-Ichi,Berk, Bradford,Ho, Feng-Ming,Chang, Chawnshang National Academy of Sciences 2009 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF Vol.106 No.32
<P>Testicular orphan nuclear receptor 4 (TR4) is an orphan member of the nuclear receptor superfamily with diverse physiological functions. Using TR4 knockout (TR4(-/-)) mice to study its function in cardiovascular diseases, we found reduced cluster of differentiation (CD)36 expression with reduced foam cell formation in TR4(-/-) mice. Mechanistic dissection suggests that TR4 induces CD36 protein and mRNA expression via a transcriptional regulation. Interestingly, we found this TR4-mediated CD36 transactivation can be further enhanced by polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), such as omega-3 and -6 fatty acids, and their metabolites such as 15-hydroxyeico-satetraonic acid (15-HETE) and 13-hydroxy octa-deca dieonic acid (13-HODE) and thiazolidinedione (TZD)-rosiglitazone. Both electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays demonstrate that TR4 binds to the TR4 response element located on the CD36 5'-promoter region for the induction of CD36 expression. Stably transfected TR4-siRNA or functional TR4 cDNA in the RAW264.7 macrophage cells resulted in either decreased or increased CD36 expression with decreased or increased foam cell formation. Restoring functional CD36 cDNA in the TR4 knockdown macrophage cells reversed the decreased foam cell formation. Together, these results reveal an important signaling pathway controlling CD36-mediated foam cell formation/cardiovascular diseases, and findings that TR4 transactivation can be activated via its ligands/activators, such as PUFA metabolites and TZD, may provide a platform to screen new drug(s) to battle the metabolism syndrome, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases.</P>
Tzu-Shao Yeh,Kuei-Hui Chan,Mei-Chich Hsu,Jen-Fang Liu 한국식품영양과학회 2011 Journal of medicinal food Vol.14 No.3
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a proprietary blend of soybean peptides, taurine,Pueraria isoflavone, and ginseng saponin complex (STPG capsule) on exercise performance in humans. Fourteen male volunteers were randomly assigned to two crossover treatments in which they consumed either four STPG capsules (STPG treatment) or placebo (P treatment) for 15 days before a 75% maximal oxygen uptake (VO_(2 max)) exhaustive cycling test. Blood samples and respiratory gas were collected prior to the exercise (Pre-Ex), at 10 (Ex-10), 15 (Ex-15), 20 (Ex-20), and 25 (Ex-25) minutes during exercise, and immediately after exercise (exhaustion) to assess the blood metabolites, cardiorespiratory responses, and energy substrate utilization. The result showed that exercise time to exhaustion of the 75% VO_(2 max) exhaustive cycling test of the STPG-treated subjects was significantly greater than with the P treatment (30.99 ± 2.01 vs. 28.05 ± 1.48minutes). The plasma lactate concentrations at Ex-20 and Ex-25 in the STPG treatment were significantly lower with STPG treatment than with P treatment (10.5 ± 0.7 vs. 11.5 ± 0.8 and 10.7 ± 0.9 vs.12.3 ± 1.0 mmol=L, respectively). Nonesterified fatty acid levels at Ex-15, Ex-20, Ex-25, and exhaustion in the STPG group (0.27 ± 0.03, 0.32 ± 0.04, 0.32 ± 0.06, and 0.37 ± 0.05 mmol=L, respectively) were significantly higher than those in the P treatment (0.21 ± 0.03, 0.23 ± 0.03, 0.24 ± 0.03,and 0.25 ± 0.03 mmol=L, respectively). It was concluded that supplementation of four capsules (2 g) of STPG complex,consisting of soybean peptides, taurine, Pueraria isoflavone, and ginseng saponin, for 15 days was effective in promoting utilization of free fatty acids and improving exhaustive cycling test performance in humans.