A COLUMBIA RIVER RUNS THROUGH IT: AN INTERDISCIPLINARY ANALYSIS OF THE TRAIL SMELTER CASE

Jasper Kim(Jasper Kim) 한국캐나다학회 2010 Asia-Pacific Journal of Canadian Studies (APJCS) Vol.16 No.1·2

This Article focuses on one of the most seminal crossborder environmental law disputes involving Canada and the United States, the Trail Smelter case. This case originated in the early 1900s involving the emission of fumes by a lead and zinc smeltering plant located in British Columbia that was found to have affected nearby Washington State by a Joint Canada-U.S. arbitration panel in 1931 and 1938. The Trail Smelter case reemerged in the 1990s, this time involving alleged water pollution in the form of emitted “slag” into the Columbia River, which connects to Washington State. The author reviews and analyzes both the original Trail Smelter case (beginning in the early 1900s) as well as the more recent dispute (beginning in the 1990s) from a multidisciplinary law, economics, and negotiation perspective. The lessons learned is also noteworthy given the age of increased economic development in Asia, which in turn, may lead to greater environmental litigation.

Clearly Canadaian: How Canada’s Unique Diversity Education Structure can Represent an Ideal Learning Environment for South Korean Students

Eun Mee Kim(Eun Mee Kim),Jasper Kim(Jasper Kim),Bit-na Choi(Bit-na Choi),Hye In Hong(Hye In Hong),Young One Suh(Young One Suh),Tina Yap Tanhehco(Tina Yap Tanhehco ) 한국캐나다학회 2006 Asia-Pacific Journal of Canadian Studies (APJCS) Vol.12 No.1

Globalization has made the national borders less significant than in the past. Continuous efforts to enhance diversity education are necessary to prepare for the future. Korea, which has experienced rapid and compressed industrialization, attracts tourists from all over the world and many migrant workers from developing countries. However, it seems that Koreans are not yet prepared to welcome these people due to the low levels of English proficiencyprejudice towards foreigners. Canada is known to have a well-established diversity education system. Korean students who are in need of English education can greatly benefit from Canada’s learning environment. This paper explores issues in Korean and Canadian education in order to explore whether Canada can offer Korean students a suitable venue for study abroad opportunities. Considering Canada’s many advantages, including its multicultural atmosphere, low cost of education, and multilingual educational history, this paper found that Korean students Clearly Canadian: How Canada’s Unique Diversity Education Structure can Represent an Ideal Learning Environment for South Korean Students 81 would greatly benefit from choosing to study abroad in Canada. Canada could also take advantage from accepting Korean students to study overseas by further diversifying their classrooms with Korean students, and boosting its economy through an increase in Korean investment into Canadian education. Therefore, Canada’s efforts to enhance exchange programs are needed. These can be accomplished by lowering costs, improving its transitional programs, and more advertising on Korean websites.

Combined probes of X-ray scattering and optical spectroscopy reveal how global conformational change is temporally and spatially linked to local structural perturbation in photoactive yellow protein

Kim, Tae Wu,Yang, Cheolhee,Kim, Youngmin,Kim, Jong Goo,Kim, Jeongho,Jung, Yang Ouk,Jun, Sunhong,Lee, Sang Jin,Park, Sungjun,Kosheleva, Irina,Henning, Robert,van Thor, Jasper J.,Ihee, Hyotcherl The Royal Society of Chemistry 2016 Physical chemistry chemical physics Vol.18 No.13

<P>Real-time probing of structural transitions of a photoactive protein is challenging owing to the lack of a universal time-resolved technique that can probe the changes in both global conformation and light-absorbing chromophores of the protein. In this work, we combine time-resolved X-ray solution scattering (TRXSS) and transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy to investigate how the global conformational changes involved in the photoinduced signal transduction of photoactive yellow protein (PYP) is temporally and spatially related to the local structural change around the light-absorbing chromophore. In particular, we examine the role of internal proton transfer in developing a signaling state of PYP by employing its E46Q mutant (E46Q-PYP), where the internal proton transfer is inhibited by the replacement of a proton donor. The comparison of TRXSS and TA spectroscopy data directly reveals that the global conformational change of the protein, which is probed by TRXSS, is temporally delayed by tens of microseconds from the local structural change of the chromophore, which is probed by TA spectroscopy. The molecular shape of the signaling state reconstructed from the TRXSS curves directly visualizes the three-dimensional conformations of protein intermediates and reveals that the smaller structural change in E46Q-PYP than in wild-type PYP suggested by previous studies is manifested in terms of much smaller protrusion, confirming that the signaling state of E46Q-PYP is only partially developed compared with that of wildtype PYP. This finding provides direct evidence of how the environmental change in the vicinity of the chromophore alters the conformational change of the entire protein matrix.</P>

Protein Structural Dynamicsof Photoactive YellowProtein in Solution Revealed by Pump–Probe X-ray Solution Scattering

Kim, Tae Wu,Lee, Jae Hyuk,Choi, Jungkweon,Kim, Kyung Hwan,van Wilderen, Luuk J.,Guerin, Laurent,Kim, Youngmin,Jung, Yang Ouk,Yang, Cheolhee,Kim, Jeongho,Wulff, Michael,van Thor, Jasper J.,Ihee, Hyotch American Chemical Society 2012 JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY - Vol.134 No.6

<P>Photoreceptor proteins play crucial roles in receiving light stimuli that give rise to the responses required for biological function. However, structural characterization of conformational transition of the photoreceptors has been elusive in their native aqueous environment, even for a prototype photoreceptor, photoactive yellow protein (PYP). We employ pump probe X-ray solution scattering to probe the structural changes that occur during the photocycle of PYP in a wide time range from 3.16 mu s to 300 ms. By the analysis of both kinetics and structures of the intermediates, the structural progression of the protein in the solution phase is vividly visualized. We identify four structurally distinct intermediates and their associated five time constants and reconstructed the molecular shapes of the four intermediates from time-independent, species-associated difference scattering curves. The constructed structures of the intermediates show the large conformational changes such as the protrusion of N-terminus, which is restricted in the crystalline phase due to the crystal contact and thus could not be clearly observed by X-ray crystallography. The protrusion of the N-terminus and the protein volume gradually increase with the progress of the photocycle and becomes maximal in the final intermediate, which is proposed to be the signaling state. The data not only reveal that a common kinetic mechanism is applicable to both the crystalline and the solution phases, but also provide direct evidence for how the sample environment influences structural dynamics and the reaction rates of the PYP photocycle.</P>

Negotiating with biases: how culture and human rights variables alter the negotiation framework with North Korea

Jasper S Kim 한국국방연구원 2009 The Korean Journal of Defense Analysis Vol.21 No.2

This paper examines the cultural and human rights gaps in understanding that have impeded negotiations with North Korea due to culturally based negotiation biases within the context of East West cross-border negotiations*a term the author refers to as a ""barbarian bias""-that is linked to the human rights issue, as promulgated in such examples as the North Korean Human Rights Act (the Act). While the Act represented a good faith effort to improve the internal human rights conditions of North Korea, the foreseeable net effect of such legislation was the DPRK's reinforced notion of a hostile international community against it, led most notably, in North Korea's view, by the United States. In effect, North Korea holds the view that human rights may vary depending on culture (i.e. a view based on the theory of ""cultural relativism"" rather than ""universalism""). Perhaps for this reason, North Korea's past negotiation behavior reflects the belief that the implementation of the human rights issue through offshore legislation, vis-a'-vis the North Korean Human Rights Act, into its domestic framework is one variant of a ""barbarian bias"" in which the DPRK, in its own subjective view, is being unilaterally told (rather than asked through mutual cooperation), how and to what degree, human rights issues should be treated in its own sovereign territory. Such human rights and culturally based variables represent a notable impediment as they relate to negotiations with North Korea, which has not fully been considered in the relevant literature.

An Interdisciplinary Assessment of South Korea's Post-2002 Real Estate Anti-Speculation Policies

KIM, JASPER,JUN, HANNAH 이화여자대학교 국제통상협력연구소 2011 Asian International Studies Review Vol.12 No.1

What factors fuelled the South Korean property boom since 2002, and what (if anything) can be done to prevent a U.S.-style subprime crisis in the local real estate markets? This issue has grown even more urgent given observations of a potential bubble and burst scenario following the U.S. sub-prime crisis. This paper aims to bring together these concerns, from an interdisciplinary regulatory, economic and socio-cultural perspective, by (1) providing a comprehensive and current overview of housing market dynamics in Korea, (2) examining South Korea's real estate regulatory policies since 2002 withstatistical evidence from the Bank of Korea (BOK), and (3) providinga brief policy implication and suggestion sectionregarding the Korean housing market conditions in the post-subprime crisis era.

Risky Business : Legal and Economic Perspectives on South Korea`s Individual Debtor Rehabilitation Acts

Kim, Jasper Institute for International Trade and Cooperation 2006 Asian International Studies Review Vol.7 No.2

Two years following the 1997-98 Korean financial crisis, the Korean government attempted to bolster consumer spending and re-invigorate the national economy by pursuing a series of policies that directly promoted the use of consumer credit cards. Subsequently, consumer credit card spiked upward, which led to a dramatic surge in individual debtor defaults. The government in response mode again thereafter initiated a three-pronged legislative effort to counter the post-1997 individual debtor polemic: (ⅰ) the individual Debtor Rehabilitation Act ("IDRA" or the "ACT"); (ⅱ)) the Korea Asset Management Company's Bad Bank (KAMCO or "Bad Bank"); and (ⅲ) the Credit Counseling and Recovery Service (CCRS) (collectively, the "Legal Acts"). This paper surveys and analyzes the legal Acts approach to resolving South Korea's post-1997 consumer credit and spending polemic.

Mitigating Partisan Perceptions between Individual and Collective-based Groups

KIM, JASPER S. Institute for International Trade and Cooperation, 2009 Asian International Studies Review Vol.10 No.2

In our increasingly globalized and cross-border world, negotiators come across increasingly different cultures, and thus, methods of approaching solutions and problems. Often such cultures may seem “alien” or “unusual” to us, which may in turn give rise to certain partisan perceptions. Within the context of East-West negotiations, I suggest that such partisan perception may further be linked to cultural variables and described as a “barbarian bias,” which represents a significant variable that has not been fully discussed in the current literature. This is linked to other phenomenon, such as “accidental Occidentalism” and “biased benchmarking,” which can be used, knowingly or unknowingly, by both individual and collective-based negotiators to their possible detriment.

CSO-State Partnerships and Social Finance : Smart Social Capital and Shared Incentives towards Public-Private Partnership Efficiency Using Social Impact Bonds

Kim, Jasper,Kang, Sunghye 이화여자대학교 국제통상협력연구소 2012 Asian International Studies Review Vol.13 No.2

This paper aims to answer two research questions: First, what are the sources of weaknesses found in current CSO-government relationships? Second, how could these weaknesses be remedied to bring better efficiency in social development assistance programs? Applying the Complexity Science framework and Brinkerhoff’s related theoretical model to the field of social finance for the first time to the best of the authors’ knowledge, this article argues that the implementation of social finance, generally, and social impact bonds (SIBs), specifically, can combine to create “smart social capital”.a new model in which trust is furthered and arguably maximized between relevant public and/or private sector networks in the form of stakeholders, through the efficient combination of shared interests in the form of financial as well as societal beneficial gains by related stakeholders and the community at large.

Pre-Emption Against Pyongyang: is a Military First Strike on the Korean Peninsula Legal?

( Jasper S. Kim ),( Brendan M. Howe ) 서울대학교 아시아태평양법연구소 2005 Journal of Korean Law Vol.4 No.1

North Korea and the U.S. still remain technically at war. This tense state of affairs is a legacy of the 1950-53 Korean conflict. However, recent evidence suggests that the U.S. and North Korea may be on the verge of another bloody war on the Korean peninsula, this time triggered by a possible U.S. military first strike against the D.P.R.K. The impetus for a second Korean war stems, in part, from events in the early 1990s under the Clinton administration, which have been exacerbated under the current U.S. President, George W. Bush, as discussed herein. Evidence that the U.S. and North Korea may be on the brink of a second Korean war also represented a motivating factor in deciding that the issue discussed in this paper was both urgent and ripe for public discussion. Thus, this paper examines the primary legal justifications for a U.S. military first-strike against North Korea, from both an international law and international relations perspective. To make the relevant analysis, this paper focuses on three (3) main sources of international law, specifically (i) international agreements; (ii) codified international law; and (iii) customary international law. This paper concludes by arguing that neither a convincing nor persuasive argument exists to justify a military first strike on the Korean peninsula.