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Reactive oxygen species and antioxidant defense in human gastrointestinal diseases
Peter Patlevič,Janka Vašková,Pavol Švorc Jr,Ladislav Vaško,Pavol Švorc 한국한의학연구원 2016 Integrative Medicine Research Vol.5 No.4
Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, known together as inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), and celiac disease are the most common disorders affecting not only adults but also children. Both IBDs and celiac disease are associated with oxidative stress, which may play a significant role in their etiologies. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide radicals (O2), hydroxyl radicals ( OH), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and singlet oxygen (1O2) are responsible for cell death via oxidation of DNA, proteins, lipids, and almost any other cellular constituent. To protect biological systems from free radical toxicity, several cellular antioxidant defense mechanisms exist to regulate the production of ROS, including enzymatic and nonenzymatic pathways. Superoxide dismutase catalyzes the dismutation of O2 to H2O2 and oxygen. The glutathione redox cycle involves two enzymes: glutathione peroxidase, which uses glutathione to reduce organic peroxides and H2O2; and glutathione reductase, which reduces the oxidized form of glutathione with concomitant oxidation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. In addition to this cycle, GSH can react directly with free radicals. Studies into the effects of free radicals and antioxidant status in patients with IBDs and celiac disease are scarce, especially in pediatric patients. It is therefore very necessary to conduct additional research studies to confirm previous data about ROS status and antioxidant activities in patients with IBDs and celiac disease, especially in children.
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Specifics of Teaching Foreign Language in a Non-Philological Field of Study:
Radoslav Ď,urajka(라도슬라브 두라이카),Janka Bá,belová,(얀카 바벨로바) 한국외국어대학교 동유럽발칸연구소 2018 동유럽발칸연구 Vol.42 No.3
이 논문은 제2외국어 습득 분야에서 중요하면서도 흥미로운 최신 주제인, 비어문학 분야의 교육에 있어서의 특징을 다루고 있다. 언어 학습과 습득 과정은 여러 가지 요인에 의해 영향을 받는데 이는 언어적 요인과 비언어적 요인으로 나누어 볼 수 있다. 이 가운데 가장 중요한 지표 중 하나는 비어문학 분야와 같이 일반적이면서도 공통적인 특성을 가진 분야에서도 언어 학습자들 사이에 개인적 차이가 크게 나타난다는 사실이다. 저자들은 비어문학적인 학문 분야에서의 언어교육에 초점을 맞추고 있다. 저자들은 6개의 세부사항을 발견했다. 물론 그것이 전부가 아니라는 것 사실을 잘 인지하고 있다. 다만 이 논문이 다른 연구들과 교사 및 언어를 습득한 사람들이 아이디어와 실용적인 경험, 특히 언어 습득 과정에서 유용하고 유익한 경험을 공유할 수 있도록 동기를 부여하기 바란다. 의대생들을 가르치는데 있어서 고려된 세부사항들은 비언어적 요인들의 중요성을 보여준다. 저자들은 또한 (전문적인) 의사소통이라는 교육목표에 관심을 기울인다. 저자들은 또한 학생들의 의사소통 전략과 슬로바키아어에 대한 태도에 일정 부분 주목하였다. 본 논문을 통해 저자들은 특정한 -주로 슬로바키아어와 영어- 언어학적인 이론 배경과 이차문헌에 대한 그들 의 지식뿐만 아니라, 저자들의 오랜 경험들에 대한 깊은 통찰력을 나누고자 한다 본 논문은 광범위한 언어, 교육 및 의사소통적인 맥락에서 제시된 이 론적인 관찰, 사실 및 발언뿐만 아니라 교육/학습의 실례를 제시한다. The paper presents an important, up-to-date and interesting topic from the field of the second language acquisition – its special features of teaching in non-philological study. The process of language learning and acquiring is influenced by several factors – language and non-language ones. One of the most important indicators is the fact that there is a high rate of individualism among language learners, despite the common general characteristic as, e.g., non-philological field. Authors focus of specifics of language teaching in non-philological field of study. Authors found six specifics and they understand that it is not the final closed amount. They would be happy if this article motivates others researches, teachers and people who acquire language to share ideas, practical experiences, especially those that are useful and helpful in the process of language acquisition. Selected specifics in teaching medical students shows the importance of non-language ones. Authors also aim their attention to the teaching goal –to (professional) communication. They partly also pay attention to communication strategies of students and their attitude to Slovak. New teaching material try to prove a profound insight to the problematic, a long experience of authors as well as their knowledge of the particular linguistic theoretical background and secondary literature, mainly Slovak and English. This article brings theoretical observations, facts and remarks presented in the broader linguistic, didactic and communicative context as well as illustrative examples from teaching / learning practice.
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Yoo, Hee-Bong,Park, Sang-Ryoul,Dong, Lianhua,Wang, Jing,Sui, Zhiwei,Pavš,ič,, Jernej,Milavec, Mojca,Akgoz, Muslum,Mozioğ,lu, Erkan,Corbisier, Philippe,Janka, Má,trai,Cosme, Bru American Chemical Society 2016 ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY - Vol.88 No.24
<P>Enumeration-based determination of DNA copy-concentration was assessed through an international comparison among national metrology institutes (NMIs) and designated institutes (DIs). Enumeration-based quantification does not require a calibration standard thereby providing a route to 'absolute quantification', which offers the potential for reliable value assignments of DNA reference materials, and International System of Units (SI) traceability to copy number 1 through accurate counting. In this study, 2 enumeration based methods, flow cytometric (FCM) counting and the digital polymerase chain reaction (dPCR), were compared to quantify a solution of the pBR322 plasmid at a concentration of several thousand copies per microliter. In addition, 2 orthogonal chemical-analysis methods based on nucleotide quantification, isotope-dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS) and capillary electrophoresis (CE) were applied to quantify a more concentrated solution of the plasmid. Although 9 dPCR results from 8 laboratories showed some dispersion (relative standard deviation [RSD] = 11.8%), their means were closely aligned with those of the FCM-based counting method and the orthogonal chemical-analysis methods, corrected for gravimetric dilution factors. Using the means of dPCR results, the RSD of all 4 methods was 1.8%, which strongly supported the validity of the recent enumeration approaches. Despite a good overall agreement, the individual dPCR results were not sufficiently covered by the reported measurement uncertainties. These findings suggest that some laboratories may not have considered all factors contributing to the measurement uncertainty of dPCR, and further investigation of this possibility is warranted.</P>
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