Prevalence and Associated Factors of Alcohol and Cigarette Use among Peruvian Adolescents

Rosemary Cosme Chavez,Eun Woo Nam 한국학교보건학회 2020 韓國學校保健學會誌 Vol.33 No.1

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the prevalence of alcohol and cigarette use and assess its relationship with socio-environmental, psychological, violent and behavioral factors among a sample of high school students from Lima and Callao, Peru. Methods: We utilized the data from a cross-sectional study conducted by the Yonsei Global Health Center in collaboration with the Korea International Cooperation Agency (KOICA) Peru office in November 2016. The total sample size of this study was 1,477 students. For analysis, we used bivariate and multivariate logistic regression to calculate the unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios and their respective 95% confidence intervals. Results: The current prevalence of alcohol and cigarette use among adolescents was found to be 24.2% and 12.1%, respectively. Alcohol use was affected by age, friends' alcohol use, experience of physical fighting, and involvement in other risk behaviors (smoking, drug use, and sexual intercourse). Cigarette use was affected by perceived academic performance, friends' cigarette use, and involvement in other risk behaviors (drinking, drug use, and sexual intercourse). Furthermore, students who received affection from their parents and whose parents monitored their activities were less likely to report using both alcohol and cigarettes. Conclusion: Alcohol and cigarette use among Lima and Callao adolescents is affected by socio-environmental, violent and behavioral factors. Alcohol and cigarette use prevention initiatives should promote positive parenting practices, family togetherness, and a supportive school climate. In addition, it is needed to establish peer-led programs that promote behavioral changes in students and strengthen social relations without the presence of alcohol, cigarettes, and other harmful substances.

Pectin and SDS as auxiliary flocculants for complementary treatment of textile wastewater by electrocoagulation

Mauro Cosme de Carvalho Góes,Marcos Paulo Ribeiro Garcez,Andréa Roberta Ferreira Siqueira,Thiago Palhares Farias,Claudemir Gomes de Santana,Jonas de Jesus Gomes da Costa Neto,Cicero Wellington Brito B 한국화학공학회 2021 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.38 No.8

Textile wastewaters currently remain as one of the major sources of environmental pollution. In addition to the presence of several recalcitrant species, the volume of the effluent to be treated is usually quite high, due to the excessive consumption of water in this kind of processing. To avoid all the negative impacts associated with the discharge of these untreated effluents, effective remediation techniques should be applied. Although there are currently several methods available, due to complexity and volume of the wastewater, combined technologies can provide better efficiency, lower cost and less time consumption. In this work, electrocoagulation (EC) combined with the conventional flocculation process was studied for the removal of methylene blue dye (MB) in aqueous medium. Under specific EC conditions (4 pairs of electrodes, 2.5 cm spacing, electrolysis time of 203min, pHinitial 4, 32 V, 1.5 A) it was possible to remove 63% of the dye. Combining EC with conventional flocculation, a notable reduction in electrolysisrequired time (203 to 60 min), dye (99.8%), color (100%) and turbidity (99.2%) was observed.

Prevalence and Associated Factors of Alcohol and Cigarette Use among Peruvian Adolescents

Chavez, Rosemary Cosme,Nam, Eun Woo The Korean Society of School Health 2020 韓國學校保健學會誌 Vol.33 No.1

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the prevalence of alcohol and cigarette use and assess its relationship with socio-environmental, psychological, violent and behavioral factors among a sample of high school students from Lima and Callao, Peru. Methods: We utilized the data from a cross-sectional study conducted by the Yonsei Global Health Center in collaboration with the Korea International Cooperation Agency (KOICA) Peru office in November 2016. The total sample size of this study was 1,477 students. For analysis, we used bivariate and multivariate logistic regression to calculate the unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios and their respective 95% confidence intervals. Results: The current prevalence of alcohol and cigarette use among adolescents was found to be 24.2% and 12.1%, respectively. Alcohol use was affected by age, friends' alcohol use, experience of physical fighting, and involvement in other risk behaviors (smoking, drug use, and sexual intercourse). Cigarette use was affected by perceived academic performance, friends' cigarette use, and involvement in other risk behaviors (drinking, drug use, and sexual intercourse). Furthermore, students who received affection from their parents and whose parents monitored their activities were less likely to report using both alcohol and cigarettes. Conclusion: Alcohol and cigarette use among Lima and Callao adolescents is affected by socio-environmental, violent and behavioral factors. Alcohol and cigarette use prevention initiatives should promote positive parenting practices, family togetherness, and a supportive school climate. In addition, it is needed to establish peer-led programs that promote behavioral changes in students and strengthen social relations without the presence of alcohol, cigarettes, and other harmful substances.

Smear layer removal by different chemical solutions used with or without ultrasonic activation after post preparation

Poletto, Daniel,Poletto, Ana Claudia,Cavalaro, Andressa,Machado, Ricardo,Cosme-Silva, Leopoldo,Garbelini, Cassia Cilene Dezan,Hoeppner, Marcio Grama The Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry 2017 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.42 No.4

Objectives: This study evaluated smear layer removal by different chemical solutions used with or without ultrasonic activation after post preparation. Materials and Methods: Forty-five extracted uniradicular human mandibular premolars with single canals were treated endodontically. The cervical and middle thirds of the fillings were then removed, and the specimens were divided into 9 groups: G1, saline solution (NaCl); G2, 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl); G3, 2% chlorhexidine (CHX); G4, 11.5% polyacrylic acid (PAA); G5, 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). For the groups 6, 7, 8, and 9, the same solutions used in the groups 2, 3, 4, and 5 were used, respectively, but activated with ultrasonic activation. Afterwards, the roots were analyzed by a score considering the images obtained from a scanning electron microscope. Results: EDTA achieved the best performance compared with the other solutions evaluated regardless of the irrigation method (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Ultrasonic activation did not significantly influence smear layer removal.

Modeling and simulation of breakthrough curves during purification of two chitosanases from Metarhizium anisopliae using ion-exchange with expanded bed adsorption chromatography

Sergio Carvalho de Santana,Everaldo Silvino dos Santos,Raimundo Cosme da Silva Filho,Jorge dos Santos Cavalcanti,Jackson Araujo de Oliveira,Gorete Ribeiro de Macedo,Francine Ferreira Padilha 한국화학공학회 2014 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.31 No.4

A mathematical model was developed to predict breakthrough curves during purification of the two chitosanasesfrom Metarhizium anisopliae by expanded bed adsorption, taking into account the axial dispersion of liquid andusing Streamline DEAE and SP XL adsorbents, anion and cation exchange resins, respectively. All the experimentswere performed without clarification (with cells) aiming at the reduction of unit operations in future projects of separationprocesses, thereby reducing capital and operating costs. Chitosanases are enzymes that hydrolyze the carbohydratechitosan, resulting in oligosaccharides that have many remarkable biological activities, such as anti-cancer, anti-HIVand antioxidant activities. The two adsorbents had similar performance in relation to hydrodynamics and mass transfer. The results of the parametric sensitivity analysis agree with the literature, and the model was validated with an averagehigh degree of fit (94.68%) between simulated and experimental data obtained in this work.

Smear layer removal by different chemical solutions used with or without ultrasonic activation after post preparation

Daniel Poletto,Ana Claudia Poletto,Andressa Cavalaro,Ricardo Machado,Leopoldo Cosme-Silva,Cássia Cilene Dezan Garbelini,Márcio Grama Hoeppner 대한치과보존학회 2017 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.42 No.4

Objectives: This study evaluated smear layer removal by different chemical solutions used with or without ultrasonic activation after post preparation. Materials and Methods: Forty-five extracted uniradicular human mandibular premolars with single canals were treated endodontically. The cervical and middle thirds of the fillings were then removed, and the specimens were divided into 9 groups: G1, saline solution (NaCl); G2, 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl); G3, 2% chlorhexidine (CHX); G4, 11.5% polyacrylic acid (PAA); G5, 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). For the groups 6, 7, 8, and 9, the same solutions used in the groups 2, 3, 4, and 5 were used, respectively, but activated with ultrasonic activation. Afterwards, the roots were analyzed by a score considering the images obtained from a scanning electron microscope. Results: EDTA achieved the best performance compared with the other solutions evaluated regardless of the irrigation method (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Ultrasonic activation did not significantly influence smear layer removal.

International Comparison of Enumeration-Based Quantification of DNA Copy-Concentration Using Flow Cytometric Counting and Digital Polymerase Chain Reaction

Yoo, Hee-Bong,Park, Sang-Ryoul,Dong, Lianhua,Wang, Jing,Sui, Zhiwei,Pavš,ič,, Jernej,Milavec, Mojca,Akgoz, Muslum,Mozioğ,lu, Erkan,Corbisier, Philippe,Janka, Má,trai,Cosme, Bru American Chemical Society 2016 ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY - Vol.88 No.24

<P>Enumeration-based determination of DNA copy-concentration was assessed through an international comparison among national metrology institutes (NMIs) and designated institutes (DIs). Enumeration-based quantification does not require a calibration standard thereby providing a route to 'absolute quantification', which offers the potential for reliable value assignments of DNA reference materials, and International System of Units (SI) traceability to copy number 1 through accurate counting. In this study, 2 enumeration based methods, flow cytometric (FCM) counting and the digital polymerase chain reaction (dPCR), were compared to quantify a solution of the pBR322 plasmid at a concentration of several thousand copies per microliter. In addition, 2 orthogonal chemical-analysis methods based on nucleotide quantification, isotope-dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS) and capillary electrophoresis (CE) were applied to quantify a more concentrated solution of the plasmid. Although 9 dPCR results from 8 laboratories showed some dispersion (relative standard deviation [RSD] = 11.8%), their means were closely aligned with those of the FCM-based counting method and the orthogonal chemical-analysis methods, corrected for gravimetric dilution factors. Using the means of dPCR results, the RSD of all 4 methods was 1.8%, which strongly supported the validity of the recent enumeration approaches. Despite a good overall agreement, the individual dPCR results were not sufficiently covered by the reported measurement uncertainties. These findings suggest that some laboratories may not have considered all factors contributing to the measurement uncertainty of dPCR, and further investigation of this possibility is warranted.</P>