Automatic Craniomaxillofacial Landmark Digitization via Segmentation-Guided Partially-Joint Regression Forest Model and Multiscale Statistical Features

Zhang, Jun,Gao, Yaozong,Wang, Li,Tang, Zhen,Xia, James J.,Shen, Dinggang IEEE 2016 IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering Vol.63 No.9

<P>Objective: The goal of this paper is to automatically digitize craniomaxillofacial (CMF) landmarks efficiently and accurately from cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images, by addressing the challenge caused by large morphological variations across patients and image artifacts of CBCT images. Methods: We propose a segmentation-guided partially-joint regression forest (S-PRF) model to automatically digitize CMF landmarks. In this model, a regression voting strategy is first adopted to localize each landmark by aggregating evidences from context locations, thus potentially relieving the problem caused by image artifacts near the landmark. Second, CBCT image segmentation is utilized to remove uninformative voxels caused by morphological variations across patients. Third, a partially-joint model is further proposed to separately localize landmarks based on the coherence of landmark positions to improve the digitization reliability. In addition, we propose a fast vector quantization method to extract high-level multiscale statistical features to describe a voxel's appearance, which has low dimensionality, high efficiency, and is also invariant to the local inhomogeneity caused by artifacts. Results: Mean digitization errors for 15 landmarks, in comparison to the ground truth, are all less than $2$ mm. Conclusion: Our model has addressed challenges of both interpatient morphological variations and imaging artifacts. Experiments on a CBCT dataset show that our approach achieves clinically acceptable accuracy for landmark digitalization. Significance: Our automatic landmark digitization method can be used clinically to reduce the labor cost and also improve digitalization consistency.</P>

Viscosity of Secondary Organic Aerosol Particles and Implications for Particle Growth and Reactivity

Mijung Song,James W Grayson,Pengfei Liu,Yue Zhang,John E. Shilling,Mathieu Sellier,Benjamin J. Murray,Scot T Martin,Allan Bertram 한국대기환경학회 2014 한국대기환경학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2014 No.10

Assessing Donor Salience and Motivation in Professional Sports from the Stakeholder Perspective

Minhong Kim,James J. Zhang 한국체육학회 2019 International journal of human movement science Vol.13 No.2

Charitable nonprofit organizations that are established by professional sport entities have gained popularity as a form of philanthropy in the sport industry. However, limited research has addressed the importance of donors and identified motivational factors that encourage donors to contribute to professional sport nonprofit organizations. The current study qualitatively explored the stakeholder salience concept as well as professional sport donor motivation from the standpoints of managers and actual donors of such nonprofit organizations. The findings suggest that stakeholder salience perceptions differ between nonprofit managers and donors. Fan identification, awareness of needs, personal cause involvement, charity image, and community support were identified as primary motivational factors while the perceived effectiveness and altruism were minor donor motivations to support professional sport nonprofits.

MoTe₂ Lateral Homojunction Field-Effect Transistors Fabricated using Flux-Controlled Phase Engineering

Ma, Rui,Zhang, Huairuo,Yoo, Youngdong,Degregorio, Zachary Patrick,Jin, Lun,Golani, Prafful,Ghasemi Azadani, Javad,Low, Tony,Johns, James E.,Bendersky, Leonid A.,Davydov, Albert V.,Koester, Steven J. American Chemical Society 2019 ACS NANO Vol.13 No.7

<P>The coexistence of metallic and semiconducting polymorphs in transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) can be utilized to solve the large contact resistance issue in TMDC-based field effect transistors (FETs). A semiconducting hexagonal (2H) molybdenum ditelluride (MoTe<SUB>2</SUB>) phase, metallic monoclinic (1T′) MoTe<SUB>2</SUB> phase, and their lateral homojunctions can be selectively synthesized <I><I>in situ</I></I> by chemical vapor deposition due to the small free energy difference between the two phases. Here, we have investigated, in detail, the structural and electrical properties of <I>in situ</I>-grown lateral 2H/1T′ MoTe<SUB>2</SUB> homojunctions grown using flux-controlled phase engineering. Using atomic-resolution plan-view and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy analyses, we show that the round regions of near-single-crystalline 2H-MoTe<SUB>2</SUB> grow out of a polycrystalline 1T′-MoTe<SUB>2</SUB> matrix. We further demonstrate the operation of MoTe<SUB>2</SUB> FETs made on these <I>in situ</I>-grown lateral homojunctions with 1T′ contacts. The use of a 1T′ phase as electrodes in MoTe<SUB>2</SUB> FETs effectively improves the device performance by substantially decreasing the contact resistance. The contact resistance of 1T′ electrodes extracted from transfer length method measurements is 470 ± 30 Ω·μm. Temperature- and gate-voltage-dependent transport characteristics reveal a flat-band barrier height of ∼30 ± 10 meV at the lateral 2H/1T′ interface that is several times smaller and shows a stronger gate modulation, compared to the metal/2H Schottky barrier height. The information learned from this analysis will be critical to understanding the properties of MoTe<SUB>2</SUB> homojunction FETs for use in memory and logic circuity applications.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>

Doubling Absorption in Nanowire Solar Cells with Dielectric Shell Optical Antennas

Kim, Sun-Kyung,Zhang, Xing,Hill, David J.,Song, Kyung-Deok,Park, Jin-Sung,Park, Hong-Gyu,Cahoon, James F. American Chemical Society 2015 NANO LETTERS Vol.15 No.1

<P>Semiconductor nanowires (NWs) often exhibit efficient, broadband light absorption despite their relatively small size. This characteristic originates from the subwavelength dimensions and high refractive indices of the NWs, which cause a light-trapping optical antenna effect. As a result, NWs could enable high-efficiency but low-cost solar cells using small volumes of expensive semiconductor material. Nevertheless, the extent to which the antenna effect can be leveraged in devices will largely determine the economic viability of NW-based solar cells. Here, we demonstrate a simple, low-cost, and scalable route to dramatically enhance the optical antenna effect in NW photovoltaic devices by coating the wires with conformal dielectric shells. Scattering and absorption measurements on Si NWs coated with shells of SiN<SUB><I>x</I></SUB> or SiO<SUB><I>x</I></SUB> exhibit a broadband enhancement of light absorption by ∼50–200% and light scattering by ∼200–1000%. The increased light–matter interaction leads to a ∼80% increase in short-circuit current density in Si photovoltaic devices under 1 sun illumination. Optical simulations reproduce the experimental results and indicate the dielectric–shell effect to be a general phenomenon for groups IV, II–VI, and III–V semiconductor NWs in both lateral and vertical orientations, providing a simple route to approximately double the efficiency of NW-based solar cells.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/nalefd/2015/nalefd.2015.15.issue-1/nl504462e/production/images/medium/nl-2014-04462e_0005.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/nl504462e'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

Identifying Strategic Leadership Behaviors of Sport Industry Leaders: A Phenomenological Method

Lauren M. Johnson,Bryan A. McCullick,Troy T. Zhao,Brandon Mastromartino,Euisoo Kim,Yiran Su,James J. Zhang 아시아스포츠융합과학회 2022 Asia Pacific Journal of Applied Sport Sciences Vol.3 No.3

PURPOSE Learning more about what these sport leaders in executive positions do and the characteristics that help them do their jobs well is a key interest among team administrators, business development personnel, and sport management scholars and students when searching, screening, training, and/or developing effective leadership skills. METHOD In this study, a qualitative research investigation was employed with phenomenological method of inquiry to understand the lived experience of sport business leaders and their perceptions of related organizational outcomes. RESULT Strategic leaders in professional sports have five distinct behavioral functions, including (a) risk taking in event programming and fan engagement growth, (b) competitive action for sales, engagement, and organizational change, (c) transformational and charismatic behaviors to build future sport leaders, (d) vision and mission execution in consumer and stakeholder engagement, and (e) evaluating sponsorships and partnerships for revenue growth and brand visibility. CONCLUSION In relation to organization effectiveness, executive leaders must incorporate a vision, strategy, tactics, and commitment to a healthy organizational culture.

A Holistic Perspective on the Dynamics of G035.39-00.33: The Interplay between Gas and Magnetic Fields

Liu, Tie,Li, Pak Shing,Juvela, Mika,Kim, Kee-Tae,Evans II, Neal J.,Francesco, James Di,Liu, Sheng-Yuan,Yuan, Jinghua,Tatematsu, Ken’ichi,Zhang, Qizhou,Ward-Thompson, Derek,Fuller, Gary,Goldsmith, Paul American Astronomical Society 2018 The Astrophysical journal Vol.859 No.2

<P>Magnetic field plays a crucial role in shaping molecular clouds and regulating star formation, yet the complete information on the magnetic field is not well constrained owing to the limitations in observations. We study the magnetic field in the massive infrared dark cloud G035.39-00.33 from dust continuum polarization observations at 850 mu m with SCUBA-2/POL-2 at JCMT for the first time. The magnetic field tends to be perpendicular to the densest part of the main filament (F-M), whereas it has a less defined relative orientation in the rest of the structure, where it tends to be parallel to some diffuse regions. A mean plane-of-the-sky magnetic field strength of similar to 50 mu G for F-M is obtained using the Davis-Chandrasekhar-Fermi method. Based on (CO)-C-13 (1-0) line observations, we suggest a formation scenario of F-M due to large-scale (similar to 10 pc) cloud-cloud collision. Using additional NH3 line data, we estimate that F-M will be gravitationally unstable if it is only supported by thermal pressure and turbulence. The northern part of F-M, however, can be stabilized by a modest additional support from the local magnetic field. The middle and southern parts of F-M are likely unstable even if the magnetic field support is taken into account. We claim that the clumps in F-M may be supported by turbulence and magnetic fields against gravitational collapse. Finally, we identified for the first time a massive (similar to 200 M-circle dot, collapsing starless clump candidate, 'c8,' in G035.39-00.33. The magnetic field surrounding 'c8' is likely pinched, hinting at an accretion flow along the filament.</P>