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( James E Allison ),( Callum G Fraser ),( Stephen P Halloran ),( Graeme P Young ) The Editorial Office of Gut and Liver 2014 Gut and Liver Vol.8 No.2
Fecal immunochemical tests for hemoglobin (FIT) are changing the manner in which colorectal cancer (CRC) is screened. Although these tests are being performed worldwide, why is this test different from its predecessors? What evidence supports its adoption? How can this evidence best be used? This review addresses these questions and provides an understanding of FIT theory and practices to expedite international efforts to implement the use of FIT in CRC screening. (Gut Liver 2014;8:117-130)
( James F. Hokanson ),( Allison Schumann ),( Casey Austin ) 한국체육학회 2020 International journal of human movement science Vol.14 No.1
Lower body positive pressure treadmills (LBPPT) are beneficial for rehabilitation and exercise training. Running on a LBPP treadmill (AlterG<sup>TM</sup>) involves sealing the lower half of the body in a high air pressure flexible sealed chamber to simulate exercise at lower body weight. The effects of the sealed chamber on treadmill and tympanic temperature during exercise have yet to be investigated. The purpose of the study was to measure treadmill and tympanic temperatures while participants were running on a normal treadmill and compare temperatures to running on a LBPP treadmill. Fifteen well-trained runners completed three running trials on a LBPP treadmill at 60, 75, and 85% of body weight (BW). A 100% BW trial was run on a normal treadmill. Participants ran at three steady state speeds (2.9, 3.4, and 3.8 m·s<sup>-1</sup>) for four minutes each. Room air, tympanic, and LBPPT chamber temperatures (°C) were recorded. The main finding was that treadmill temperature was significantly greater among the three BW conditions on the LBPPT compared to normal treadmill (average of all LBPPT, 30.7 ± 2.3°C, normal treadmill, 22.5 ± 2.1°C). Tympanic temperatures were not different between all BW conditions. Runners may use LBPPT for rehabilitation or low-impact training yet should be aware of the increase in LBPP chamber temperature.
Muhannad A. Abbasi,Allison M. Blake,Roberto Sarnari,Daniel Lee,Allen S. Anderson,Kambiz Ghafourian,Sadiya S. Khan,Esther E. Vorovich,Jonathan D. Rich,Jane E. Wilcox,Clyde W. Yancy,James C. Carr,Michae 한국심초음파학회 2022 Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging (J Cardiovasc Im Vol.30 No.4
BACKGROUND: Cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) is a complication beyond the first-year post-heart transplantation (HTx). We aimed to test the utility of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) to detect functional/structural changes in HTx recipients with CAV. METHODS: Seventy-seven prospectively recruited HTx recipients beyond the first-year post-HTx and 18 healthy controls underwent CMR, including cine imaging of ventricular function and T1- and T2-mapping to assess myocardial tissue changes. Data analysis included quantification of global cardiac function and regional T2, T1 and extracellular volume based on the 16-segment model. International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation criteria was used to adjudicate CAV grade (0–3) based on coronary angiography. RESULTS: The majority of HTx recipients (73%) presented with CAV (1: n = 42, 2/3: n = 14, 0: n = 21). Global and segmental T2 (49.5 ± 3.4 ms vs 50.6 ± 3.4 ms, p < 0.001;16/16 segments) were significantly elevated in CAV-0 compared to controls. When comparing CAV-2/3 to CAV-1, global and segmental T2 were significantly increased (53.6 ± 3.2 ms vs. 50.6 ± 2.9 ms, p < 0.001; 16/16 segments) and left ventricular ejection fraction was significantly decreased (54 ± 9% vs. 59 ± 9%, p < 0.05). No global, structural, or functional differences were seen between CAV-0 and CAV-1. CONCLUSIONS: Transplanted hearts display functional and structural alteration compared to native hearts, even in those without evidence of macrovasculopathy (CAV-0). In addition, CMR tissue parameters were sensitive to changes in CAV-1 vs. 2/3 (mild vs. moderate/severe). Further studies are warranted to evaluate the diagnostic value of CMR for the detection and classification of CAV.
Brian N. Dang,Allison C. Hu,Anthony A. Bertrand,Candace H. Chan,Nirbhay S. Jain,Miles J. Pfaff,James C. Lee,Justine C. Lee 대한성형외과학회 2022 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.49 No.1
Facial feminization surgery (FFS) refers to a set of procedures aimed at altering the features of a masculine face to achieve a more feminine appearance. In the second part of this two-part series, assessment and operations involving the midface, mandible, and chin, as well as soft tissue modification of the nasolabial complex and chondrolaryngoplasty, are discussed. Finally, we provide a review of the literature on patient-reported outcomes in this population following FFS and suggest a path forward to optimize care for FFS patients.
The Effect of Self-Report Data Gathering Technique on Prevalence Estimates of Sensitive Behavior
Boster Franklin J.,Shaw Allison Z.,Anthony James C. 한국언론학회 2023 Asian Communication Research Vol.20 No.2
Despite the fact that obtaining accurate self-reports presents challenges for sensitive topics, investigators often employ them to estimate the prevalence of a variety of sensitive behavior. This study examined the effect of four data collection techniques (face-to-face, computer, randomized response technique, and item count technique) on estimates of the prevalence of five sensitive topics (stealing, anal intercourse, lying, marijuana use, and cheating). Each respondent answered all of the five sensitive items, so that item served as a repeated measure. Each respondent responded using the same data collection technique, so that technique served as an independent groups factor. Data were collected at four locations at a large university in the Midwest United States. Four experimenters, two males and two females, solicited respondents. Only those walking alone were solicited, with a random number (2 to 6 inclusive) determining which of the passersby were approached. Consistent with past research the randomized response technique yielded the highest overall prevalence estimates, although for the most sensitive items estimates were within sampling error of those found in the computer condition. Given the advantages in ease and efficiency associated with collecting self-report data with computers, relative to collecting self-report data using the randomized response technique, these results suggest that collecting sensitive information with computers provides considerable value.
Dang, Brian N.,Hu, Allison C.,Bertrand, Anthony A.,Chan, Candace H.,Jain, Nirbhay S.,Pfaff, Miles J.,Lee, James C.,Lee, Justine C. Korean Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surge 2021 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.48 No.5
Facial feminization surgery (FFS) incorporates aesthetic and craniofacial surgical principles and techniques to feminize masculine facial features and facilitate gender transitioning. A detailed understanding of the defining male and female facial characteristics is essential for success. In this first part of a two-part series, we discuss key aspects of the general preoperative consultation that should be considered when evaluating the prospective facial feminization patient. Assessment of the forehead, orbits, hairline, eyebrows, eyes, and nose and the associated procedures, including scalp advancement, supraorbital rim reduction, setback of the anterior table of the frontal sinus, rhinoplasty, and soft tissue modifications of the upper and midface are discussed. In the second part of this series, bony manipulation of the midface, mandible, and chin, as well as soft tissue modification of the nasolabial complex and chondrolaryngoplasty are discussed. Finally, a review of the literature on patient-reported outcomes in this population following FFS is provided.
Microbiome diversity in carriers of fluoroquinolone resistant Escherichia coli
Michael A. Liss,Robin J. Leach,Elizabeth Rourke,Allison Sherrill,Teresa Johnson-Pais,Zhao Lai,Joseph Basler,James R. White,Jan E. Patterson 대한비뇨의학회 2019 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.60 No.2
Purpose: Fluoroquinolone-resistant (FQR) Escherichia coli causes transrectal prostate biopsy infections. In order to reduce colonization of these bacteria in carriers, we would like to understand the surrounding microbiome to determine targets for decolonization. Materials and Methods: We perform an observational study to investigate the microbiome differences in men with and without FQR organisms found on rectal culture. A rectal swab with two culturettes was performed on men before an upcoming prostate biopsy procedure as standard of care to perform “targeted prophylaxis.” Detection of FQR was performed by the standard microbiology lab inoculates the swab onto MacConkey agar containing ciprofloxacin. The extra swab was sent for 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing (MiSeq paired-end) using the V1V2 primer. Alpha and beta-diversity analysis were performed using QIIME. We used PERMANOVA to evaluate the statistical significance of beta-diversity distances within and between groups of interest. Results: We collected 116 rectal swab samples before biopsy for 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. We identified 18 isolates (15.5%, 18/116) that were positive and had relative reduced diversity profiles (p<0.05). Enterobacteriaceae were significantly over-represented in the FQR subjects (adjusted p=0.03). Conclusions: Microbiome analysis determined that men colonized with FQR bacteria have less diverse bacterial communities (dysbiosis), higher levels of Enterobacteriaceae and reduced levels of Prevotella disiens. These results may have implications in pre/probiotic intervention studies.
Yun, Eun-Jin,Lin, Chun-Jung,Dang, Andrew,Hernandez, Elizabeth,Guo, Jiaming,Chen, Wei-Min,Allison, Joyce,Kim, Nathan,Kapur, Payal,Brugarolas, James,Wu, Kaijie,He, Dalin,Lai, Chih-Ho,Lin, Ho,Saha, Debab American Association for Cancer Research 2019 Clinical Cancer Research Vol.25 No.14
<P><B>Purpose:</B></P><P>Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is known to be highly radioresistant but the mechanisms associated with radioresistance have remained elusive. We found DOC-2/DAB2 interactive protein (DAB2IP) frequently downregulated in RCC, is associated with radioresistance. In this study, we investigated the underlying mechanism regulating radioresistance by DAB2IP and developed appropriate treatment.</P><P><B>Experimental Design:</B></P><P>Several RCC lines with or without DAB2IP expression were irradiated with ionizing radiation (IR) for determining their radiosensitivities based on colony formation assay. To investigate the underlying regulatory mechanism of DAB2IP, immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry was performed to identify DAB2IP-interactive proteins. PARP-1 expression and enzymatic activity were determined using qRT-PCR, Western blot analysis, and ELISA. <I>In vivo</I> ubiquitination assay was used to test PARP-1 degradation. Furthermore, <I>in vivo</I> mice xenograft model and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model were used to determine the effect of combination therapy to sensitizing tumors to IR.</P><P><B>Results:</B></P><P>We notice that DAB2IP-deficient RCC cells acquire IR-resistance. Mechanistically, DAB2IP can form a complex with PARP-1 and E3 ligases that is responsible for degrading PARP-1. Indeed, elevated PARP-1 levels are associated with the IR resistance in RCC cells. Furthermore, PARP-1 inhibitor can enhance the IR response of either RCC xenograft model or PDX model.</P><P><B>Conclusions:</B></P><P>In this study, we unveil that loss of DAB2IP resulted in elevated PARP-1 protein is associated with IR-resistance in RCC. These results provide a new targeting strategy to improve the efficacy of radiotherapy of RCC.</P>