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The PPLA motif of glycogen synthase kinase 3beta is required for interaction with Fe65.
Lee, Eun Jeoung,Hyun, Sunghee,Chun, Jaesun,Shin, Sung Hwa,Lee, Kyung Eun,Yeon, Kwang Hum,Park, Tae Yoon,Kang, Sang Sun Korean Society for Molecular Biology 2008 Molecules and cells Vol.26 No.1
<P>Glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK 3 beta) is a serine/ threonine kinase that phosphorylates substrates such as beta-catenin and is involved in a variety of biological processes, including embryonic development, metabolism, tumorigenesis, and cell death. Here, we present evidence that human GSK 3beta is associated with Fe65, which has the characteristics of an adaptor protein, possessing a WW domain, and two phosphotyrosine interaction domains, PID1 and PID2. The GSK 3beta catalytic domain also contains a putative WW domain binding motif ((371)PPLA(374)), and we observed, using a pull down approach and co-immuno-precipitation, that it interacts physically with Fe65 via this motif. In addition, we detected co-localization of GSK 3beta and Fe65 by confocal microscopy, and this co-localization was disrupted by mutation of the putative WW domain binding motif of GSK 3beta.Finally, in transient transfection assays interaction of GSK 3 beta (wt) with Fe65 induced substantial cell apoptosis, whereas interaction with the GSK 3beta AALA mutant ((371)AALA(374)) did not, and we noted that phosphorylation of the Tyr 216 residue of the GSK 3beta AALA mutant was significantly reduced compared to that of GSK 3beta wild type. Thus, our observations indicate that GSK 3beta binds to Fe65 through its (371)PPLA(374) motif and that this interaction regulates apoptosis and phosphorylation of Tyr 216 of GSK 3beta.</P>
Using Lamb Waves to Monitor Moisture Absorption in Thermally Fatigued Composite Laminates
Jaesun Lee,Younho Cho 한국비파괴검사학회 2016 한국비파괴검사학회지 Vol.36 No.3
Nondestructive evaluation for material health monitoring is important in aerospace industries. Composite laminates are exposed to heat cyclic loading and humid environment depending on flight conditions. Cyclic heat loading and moisture absorption may lead to material degradation such as matrix breaking, debonding, and delamination. In this paper, the moisture absorption ratio was investigated by measuring the Lamb wave velocity. The composite laminates were manufactured and subjected to different thermal aging cycles and moisture absorption. For various conditions of these cycles, not only changes in weight and also ultrasonic wave velocity were measured, and the Lamb wave velocity at various levels of moisture on a carbon-epoxy plate was investigated. Results from the experiment show a linear correlation between moisture absorption ratio and Lamb wave velocity at different thermal fatigue stages. The presented method can be applied as an alternative solution in the online monitoring of composite laminate moisture levels in commercial flights.
Using Lamb Waves to Monitor Moisture Absorption in Thermally Fatigued Composite Laminates
Lee, Jaesun,Cho, Younho The Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing 2016 한국비파괴검사학회지 Vol.36 No.3
Nondestructive evaluation for material health monitoring is important in aerospace industries. Composite laminates are exposed to heat cyclic loading and humid environment depending on flight conditions. Cyclic heat loading and moisture absorption may lead to material degradation such as matrix breaking, debonding, and delamination. In this paper, the moisture absorption ratio was investigated by measuring the Lamb wave velocity. The composite laminates were manufactured and subjected to different thermal aging cycles and moisture absorption. For various conditions of these cycles, not only changes in weight and also ultrasonic wave velocity were measured, and the Lamb wave velocity at various levels of moisture on a carbon-epoxy plate was investigated. Results from the experiment show a linear correlation between moisture absorption ratio and Lamb wave velocity at different thermal fatigue stages. The presented method can be applied as an alternative solution in the online monitoring of composite laminate moisture levels in commercial flights.
Lee, Jaesun,Achenbach, Jan D.,Cho, Younho Elsevier 2018 Ultrasonics Vol.84 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Guided waves can effectively be used for inspection of large scale structures. Surface corrosion is often found as major defect type in large scale structures such as pipelines. Guided wave interaction with surface corrosion can provide useful information for sizing and classification. In this paper, the elastodynamic reciprocity theorem is used to formulate and solve complicated scattering problems in a simple manner. The approach has already been applied to scattering of Rayleigh and Lamb waves by defects to produce closed form solutions of amplitude of scattered waves. In this paper, the scattering of the lowest axially symmetric torsional mode, which is widely used in commercial applications, is analyzed by the reciprocity theorem. In the present paper, the theorem is used to determine the scattering of the lowest torsional mode by a tapered defect that was earlier considered experimentally and numerically by the finite element method. It is shown that by the presented method it is simple to obtain the ratio of amplitudes of scattered torsional modes for a tapered notch. The results show a good agreement with earlier numerical results. The wave field superposition technique in conjunction with the reciprocity theorem simplifies the solution of the scattering problem to yield a closed form solution which can play a significant role in quantitative signal interpretation.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The scattering of the lowest torsional mode is analyzed by the reciprocity theorem. </LI> <LI> The solution of wave scattering amplitude ratio is presented in simple form. </LI> <LI> The presented method is simple to obtain the scattered amplitude compared to FEM. </LI> <LI> This results can play a significant role in quantitative signal interpretation. </LI> </UL> </P>
Lee, Seungchul,Song, Jaesun,Jo, Yong-Ryun,Choi, Kyoung Soon,Lee, Jongmin,Seo, Sehun,Kim, Taemin Ludvic,Jang, Ho Won,Jeon, Cheolho,Kim, Bong-Joong,Kim, Bongjae,Lee, Sanghan American Chemical Society 2019 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.11 No.47
<P>Nonequilibrium deposition is a remarkable method for the in situ growth of unique nanostructures and phases for the functionalization of thin films. We introduce a distinctive structure of a mixed-phase, composed of BiVO<SUB>4</SUB> and β-Bi<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>, for photoelectrochemical water splitting. The mixed-phase is fabricated via nonequilibrium deposition by adjusted oxygen partial pressure. According to density functional theory calculations, we find that vanadium exsolution can be facilitated by introducing oxygen vacancies, enabling the fabrication of a nanostructured mixed-phase. These unique structures enhance charge migration by increasing the interfacial area and properly aligning the band offset between two crystalline phases. Consequently, the photocurrent density of the nanostructured mixed-phase thin films is about twice that of pristine BiVO<SUB>4</SUB> thin films at 1.23 V<SUB>RHE</SUB>. Our work suggests that nonequilibrium deposition provides an innovative route for the structural engineering of photoelectrodes for the understanding of fundamental properties and improving the photocatalytic performance for solar water splitting.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>