저소득층의 자살생각에 관한 탐색적 연구

이재경(Lee, Jaekyoung),이래혁(Lee, Rae Hyuck),이은정(Lee, Eunjoung),장혜림(Chang, Hae-Lim) 한국사회복지학회 2016 한국사회복지학 Vol.68 No.3

본 연구는 저소득층이 경험하는 물질적 어려움과 자살생각의 관계를 규명하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 한국복지패널 7~9차년도 자료를 사용하였고, 가구주를 분석단위로 2,081가구를 분석에 활 용하였다. 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 먼저, 물질적 어려움을 경험한 저소득 가구주는 물질적 어려움 을 경험하지 않은 가구주보다 자살생각을 할 가능성이 높게 나타났다. 또한 물질적 어려움의 4개 하위 변수들과 자살생각의 관계에서는 식품 불안정이나 신용불량을 경험한 가구주가 그렇지 않은 가구주보다 자살생각을 할 가능성이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 물질적 어려움과 자살생각의 정적인 관계가 여성가구주 집단보다는 남성가구주 집단에서, 비노인가구주 집단보다는 노인가구주 집단에서 더 두드러 지는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 이와 같은 결과를 바탕으로 자살 문제를 접근하는데 있어 사회구조적 책임에 대한 인식과 문제를 완화하기 위한 통합적이고 체계적인 예방정책의 필요성을 제언하였다. Using a nationally representative sample from three recent waves of the Korean Welfare Panel Study, this study examined the association between experiencing material hardship and suicidal ideation among low-income households in South Korea. Overall, we found that experiencing material hardship was associated with a higher likelihood of having suicidal ideation. We also found that, among individual items of material hardship, experiencing food insecurity or credit problems was associated with a higher likelihood of having suicidal ideation. Furthermore, we found that the association of experiencing material hardship with having suicidal ideation was more pronounced for male-headed or elderly-headed households. Policy implications to improve living condition among low-income households and reduce their suicide-related behavior were discussed.

Structure-dependent catalytic properties of mesoporous cobalt oxides in furfural hydrogenation

Nguyen-Huy, Chinh,Lee, Jihyeon,Seo, Ji Hui,Yang, Euiseob,Lee, Jaekyoung,Choi, Keunsu,Lee, Hosik,Kim, Jae Hyung,Lee, Man Sig,Joo, Sang Hoon,Kwak, Ja Hun,Lee, Jun Hee,An, Kwangjin Elsevier 2019 Applied Catalysis A Vol.583 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>As the development of noble metal free catalysts became important in the biomass conversion, catalytic hydrogenation of furfural (FAL) is investigated over ordered mesoporous cobalt oxide (<I>m</I>-Co<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB>). When <I>m</I>-Co<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> is reduced at 350 and 500 °C in hydrogen, the original crystal structure of Co<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> is changed to CoO and Co, respectively. Here we examine the effect of the structure, porosity, and oxidation state of <I>m</I>-Co<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> to identify catalytically active species for hydrogenation of FAL. Among cobalt oxide catalysts having different crystal structures and symmetry, <I>m</I>-CoO having <I>p6mm</I> symmetry exhibits the highest activity. In product selectivity, the CoO phase induces FAL hydrogenolysis by selective production of 2-methyl furan (MF), while the Co<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> and Co phases promote preferential hydrogenation of side chain (carbonyl group) of FAL to furfuryl alcohol. Density functional theory calculations also reveal that the adsorption of FAL on CoO(111) is higher than Co(111). Overall, these studies demonstrate that CoO as the most active phase is responsible for the high FAL conversion and the distinct pathway of FAL to MF.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Mesoporous cobalt oxide catalysts are developed for furfural hydrogenation. </LI> <LI> CoO is proven to be the most active phase in furfural hydrogenation. </LI> <LI> The CoO site induces selective hydrogenation of furfuryl alcohol to methyl furan. </LI> <LI> Furfural is adsorbed much strongly on CoO(111) than on Co(111). </LI> <LI> Cobalt oxides have low production cost and high efficiency for biomass conversion. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Critical role of (100) facets on γ-Al₂O₃ for ethanol dehydration: Combined efforts of morphology-controlled synthesis and TEM study

Lee, Jaekyoung,Jang, Eun Jeong,Jeong, Hu Young,Kwak, Ja Hun Elsevier 2018 Applied Catalysis A Vol.556 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In this work, the effect of crystal facets on the catalytic behavior of γ-Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> was investigated by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, temperature-programmed desorption of ethanol, solid-state <SUP>27</SUP>Al NMR, infrared spectroscopy, and ethanol dehydration reaction. A series of platelet γ-Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> were synthesized, in which the relative ratio of (100) facets had been systematically increased. Ethylene formation increased with increasing (100) facets, clearly demonstrating the critical role of these facets as active sites for ethanol dehydration on γ-Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>. This systematic approach is helpful for a better understanding of facet-dependent catalytic properties of γ-Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> that arise from the interaction between the supported metal and the crystal facets.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> A series of γ-Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> with systematically increased (100) facets were synthesized. </LI> <LI> The rate of ethylene formation increased with the relative ratio of (100) facets. </LI> <LI> (100) facets play a crucial role in the alcohol dehydration reaction. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

CREATING SHARED VALUE(CSV) IN FASHION INDUSTRY

Jaekyoung Lee 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2014 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2014 No.10

Now the frame for the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in any industry is shifting to Creating Shared Value(CSV). The tremendous profits made in the fashion industry create the temptation to engage in illegal or unethical behavior. When producers, manufacturers, models or consumers are being exploited or treated unfairly, fashion industry has a legal and ethical responsibility to change the situation. Based on issues stated below, therefore, there is an urging need for the CSV in fashion industry. 1) First, eco-friendly issue for the fashion industry matters. The materials, transportation and production that are involved in the fashion industry all have an impact on the environment. Many synthetic materials are derived from petroleum, while many more natural materials are grown on land that could be used for food production. 2) Marketing for fashion seduces people into buying things that they don't need, rather than merely informing them of a product's availability. Advertising and fashion both encourage people to consume as much as possible. New fashions are widely advertised as better than whatever came before. 3) Protection of the fashion design covers the most frequent and important issue now. The main appeal of many fashionable accessories is the brand name. A Gucci bag can be sold for many times more than an identical bag made by a competitor. Forgers take advantage of this fact by creating cheap knock-offs and illegally adding the names of famous and expensive fashion houses. 4) Networking in the fashion industry is another focal point. To survive in a competitive field, fashion firms have to deploy their strategic networking policy in order to sustain long-term relationships with their suppliers, which means the increase of transaction-specific investments on both sides, increase of the years of relationships with suppliers, and reduction of supplier base.

CREATING SHARED VALUE(CSV) IN FASHION INDUSTRY

Jaekyoung Lee 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2014 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2014 No.7

Now the frame for the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in any industry is shifting to Creating Shared Value(CSV). The tremendous profits made in the fashion industry create the temptation to engage in illegal or unethical behavior. When producers, manufacturers, models or consumers are being exploited or treated unfairly, fashion industry has a legal and ethical responsibility to change the situation. Based on issues stated below, therefore, there is an urging need for the CSV in fashion industry. 1) First, eco-friendly issue for the fashion industry matters. The materials, transportation and production that are involved in the fashion industry all have an impact on the environment. Many synthetic materials are derived from petroleum, while many more natural materials are grown on land that could be used for food production. 2) Marketing for fashion seduces people into buying things that they don't need, rather than merely informing them of a product's availability. Advertising and fashion both encourage people to consume as much as possible. New fashions are widely advertised as better than whatever came before. 3) Protection of the fashion design covers the most frequent and important issue now. The main appeal of many fashionable accessories is the brand name. A Gucci bag can be sold for many times more than an identical bag made by a competitor. Forgers take advantage of this fact by creating cheap knock-offs and illegally adding the names of famous and expensive fashion houses. 4) Networking in the fashion industry is another focal point. To survive in a competitive field, fashion firms have to deploy their strategic networking policy in order to sustain long-term relationships with their suppliers, which means the increase of transaction-specific investments on both sides, increase of the years of relationships with suppliers, and reduction of supplier base.

Effect of number and properties of specific sites on alumina surfaces for Pt-Al₂O₃ catalysts

Lee, Jaekyoung,Jang, Eun Jeong,Kwak, Ja Hun Elsevier 2019 Applied catalysis. A, General Vol.569 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In this work, how the number and properties of specific sites on alumina surfaces affect the specific interaction between Pt and alumina was investigated by using X-ray diffraction, ethanol temperature programmed desorption, diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy, H<SUB>2</SUB> chemisorption, scanning transmission electron microscopy and benzene hydrogenation reaction. Here, we chose two sets of model aluminas having different number of sites with the identical properties and different properties of sites with the same number based on ethanol TPD. The H<SUB>2</SUB> chemisorption results for the model aluminas show that H/Pt are all similar for low Pt loadings, but significantly different for high Pt loadings. For 1 wt% Pt/Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>, the number of specific sites on all the aluminas was sufficient to disperse all the Pt, leading to only highly dispersed Pt clusters (∼1 nm). However, at 10 wt% Pt/Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>, the number of Pt atoms is greater than that of the specific sites on the alumina surface, resulting in a bimodal distribution of large agglomerated Pt (>10 nm) and highly dispersed Pt clusters (<3 nm) revealed by XRD and TEM. Overall, the results clearly demonstrated that Pt shows higher dispersion with increasing number of sites and interaction strength, because the Pt atoms can interact with specific sites on alumina in greater numbers and more strongly. However, these Pt dispersion changes do not represent the gradual change in Pt cluster sizes, but the relative population change of small (<3 nm) and large agglomerated Pt clusters (>10 nm) under bimodal distribution. The number of large agglomerated Pt clusters decreased with increasing number of sites and interaction strength. This fundamental understanding provides an important perspective for designing Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>-based supported catalysts.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The number and property of sites on alumina are important for Pt-Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> interaction. </LI> <LI> Pt dispersion increases with increasing number of sites on alumina. </LI> <LI> Pt dispersion increases with ethanol desorption temperature (T<SUB>d</SUB>) increase on alumina. </LI> <LI> Pt dispersion changes under bimodal distribution on Pt/Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Prevalence Ratio of Primary Angle-Closure and Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma in Asian Population: A Meta-Analysis and Multiple Meta-Regression Analysis

Jaekyoung Lee,Ji Sun Park,Yoon Jeong,Young In Shin,Min Gu Huh,Jin Wook Jeoung,Ki Ho Park,Young Kook Kim 대한안과학회 2024 Korean Journal of Ophthalmology Vol.38 No.1

Purpose: To investigate the prevalence ratio of primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in the Asian population. Methods: Systematic searches of PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases for population-based studies in Asia published until August 5, 2022. We conducted a meta-analysis for PACG to POAG prevalence ratio using inverse variance–weighted random- effects meta-analyses so as to combine the study-specific measures of association. Between-study outcome variation (i.e., heterogeneity) was quantified with the I2 statistic. The multiple meta-regression analyses were performed in order to further account for the reasons for heterogeneity. Results: Twenty studies, with a total study population of 52,522 individuals, had been conducted in 13 countries. The pooled PACG to POAG prevalence ratio was 2.204 (95% confidence interval, 1.617–3.004) with high heterogeneity (p < 0.001). In multiple meta-regression model, prevalence of POAG is the most important predictor for heterogeneity (model importance, 0.954), followed continent (0.508), and publication year (0.222). For every additional elevation of POAG prevalence (i.e., increase of 1.0%), the PACG to POAG prevalence ratio is expected to rise by 0.471. Conclusions: We estimated the pooled PACG to POAG prevalence ratio in the Asian population. The POAG prevalence is the most important factor to determine the PACG to POAG prevalence ratio.

Ethanol dehydration on γ-Al 2 O 3 : Effects of partial pressure and temperature

Lee, Jaekyoung,Szanyi, Já,nos,Kwak, Ja Hun Elsevier 2017 Molecular catalysis Vol.434 No.-

<P>Ethanol dehydration was investigated using platelet gamma-Al2O3 over a wide range of reaction temperature (180-300 degrees C) and ethanol partial pressure (0.5-2 kPa) by X-ray diffraction, ethanol Temperature programmed desorption and reactions. The turnover frequencies for commercial and platelet gamma-Al2O3 were almost identical (1.2-1.3 x 10(-2) ethanol/site s) when normalized to the number of ethoxide quantified by ethanol TPD. The desorption barrier of ethoxide was 183.6 kj/mol, similar to the activation barrier of ethylene formation. These results demonstrate that ethoxide is a key intermediate rather than molecular ethanol, possibly suggesting an El mechanism for ethylene formation, consistent with recent spectroscopic studies. Detailed kinetic measurements demonstrate the nature of the species on alumina surface varied with reaction temperature. At low temperature (180 degrees C), the ethanol dimer, one of which would be the ethoxide, saturated the surface, leading to the inhibition of ethylene formation and constant ether formation rates with ethanol pressure. At high temperature (260 degrees C), the ethanol monomer became dominant, consistent with the constant ethylene formation rates and increased ether formation rates with ethanol pressure. The apparent activation energies also changed with reaction temperature and ethanol partial pressure. Especially, the inhibition by ethanol dimer clearly contributed the increased apparent activation barrier at 180 degrees C. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>

Acid-base properties of Al₂O₃: Effects of morphology, crystalline phase, and additives

Lee, Jaekyoung,Jang, Eun Jeong,Kwak, Ja Hun Elsevier 2017 Journal of catalysis Vol.345 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The acid-base properties of Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> with various surface characteristics were studied by XRD, HR-TEM, ethanol TPD, and ethanol dehydration reaction rate measurements. Ethanol TPD showed that the desorption temperature (at maximum rate of ethylene desorption, <I>T</I> <SUB>d</SUB>) of dissociative ethanol was significantly dependent on morphology, crystalline phase, and additives. Ethylene formation rates, normalized with respect to the amount of dissociative ethanol (quantified by ethanol TPD), exhibited an inverse correlation with <I>T</I> <SUB>d</SUB> on Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> with various morphologies, crystalline phases, and additives, which suggests that <I>T</I> <SUB>d</SUB> can be used as a descriptor for acid-base properties of Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>, irrespective of modification origins. This also indicates that the dissociative ethanol (ethoxide) is the key intermediate of ethylene formation during ethanol dehydration on Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>. The activities and activation barriers of commercial Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> were consistent with our empirical model. This fundamental understanding of the acid-base properties of alumina is helpful for the further development of new catalysts with better activity and selectivity.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Ethylene formation on Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> shows inverse correlation with ethanol desorption temperature. </LI> <LI> Activation barrier of ethylene changes with modification but ether does not change. </LI> <LI> Ethoxide is the key intermediate for ethanol dehydration on Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

미술품 분할소유권 거래의 법률적 성질

이재경(Jaekyoung Lee) 강원대학교 비교법학연구소 2021 江原法學 Vol.65 No.-

2010년대 후반부터 고가의 미술품을 소액 단위로 분할하여 다수의 당사자들이 구매하는 거래구조가 미술계의 새로운 거래 흐름으로 자리 잡아가고 있고, 2020년 이후 코로나 사태를 겪으면서 MZ세대의 "조각 투자"가 더욱 활성화되고 있으나, 이에 대한 법령 또는 선행 판례 등 규율 체계가 전무한 실정이며, 기존 민법이나 상법으로 규율되지 못하고 이에 대한 실무적인 연구가 필요한 상황에 이르렀다. 더구나, 다수의 거래당사자들이 참여하는 비대면 거래가 온라인에서 이루어지므로 이러한 새로운 유통 흐름에 대한 법률적인 연구가 필요하다. 우선, 미술품 분할소유권 거래 방식의 개념 및 유사 개념을 구별하면서, 기존의 민법상 공동소유권 규정과 어떻게 조화롭게 해석되는지 여부에 대한 연구가 중요하다. 나아가, 각 권리자들에게 어떠한 권리가 있는지 여부가 논의될 수 있으며, 소유권으로서의 성격이 모호하다면, 채권이나 기타 권리로서 어떠한 성격을 지니는지 여부가 논의되어야 한다. 아울러, 지분권자 및 제3자를 포함한 각 당사자들 사이의 지분거래가 민법을 비롯한 현행 법령상 적법한지 또는 어떻게 취급되어야 하는지 여부 등을 살펴야 한다. 법령상 모호한 부분 때문에 미술품 분할소유권 거래의 적법성이 다투어질 수 있다면, 비교법적인 틀까지 포함하여 법률적 검토가 필요하며, 미술품공동구매 등의 거래구조가 자본시장법의 규율을 받는다면, 그만큼 온라인에서의 미술품 거래가 위축될 가능성이 발생하거나 법의 사각지대에 놓일 위험이 있으며, 다수의 분할소유권자들의 보호 필요성이 대두된다. 분할소유권에 대한 명시적인 규정이 없는 이상, 현행법상으로는 민법상 공동소유 중에서 공유로서의 기본적인 틀을 갖춘 것으로 파악하여 접근하되, 분할소유권자 집단에 대하여 조합의 성격 또는 합유로서의 성질을 인정할 필요성이 있으며, 미술품 거래의 특성을 살려서 각 이해관계자들의 권리 의무를 해석하여 규율해야 한다. 이는 결국 입법론적으로 해결해야 하며, 공유를 기본으로 하되, 합유의 성질을 동시에 지니는 방향으로 규정해야 할 것이다. The art market, which once populated by a small number of collectors, is now becoming popular amid increasing demand among young Koreans and art becoming well-known as a source of investment. The concept of fractional ownership isn’t new in the art market — or for thoroughbreds. It’s a buyer-beware investment: Art market is under pressure after complaints from novice investors and is expected to face a regulatory probe. But the pandemic has heightened the taste for those risky bets. It’s about the experience and the excitement of owning a part of something unique — even as many will likely take a loss. The fractional-ownership companies are at the forefront of a burgeoning niche in fractional ownership in luxury assets such as fine art and collectibles. The startups offer the shares as an affordable way to invest in expensive, rarefied fields that are typically available only to the mega-rich. The fractional-ownership companies have different business models, but most file documents with the financial governing body and host initial public offerings similar to new equity issues. Regulatory needs for fractional-ownership companies in art market should be upcoming issues. Fractional ownership is a percentage ownership in an asset. Fractional ownership shares in the asset are sold to individual shareholders who share the benefits of the asset such as usage rights, income sharing, priority access, and reduced rates. The usage benefits that the fractional owners receive are comparable to those of timeshare owners. Fractional ownership is a form of collaborative consumption where the overall cost of a property is split among a group of owners or users. A party that takes on fractional ownership of a vacation property can make personal use of the space and earn revenue when it is rented out. When the property is rented out for a profit by a fractional owner, it serves as a form of investment property.