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백서와 기니픽의 대뇌피질에서 Opioid Kappa 수용체의 특성에 관한 연구
김기원(Kee-Won Kim),노혜원(Hye-Won Rho),김형일(Hyoung-Il Kim),은재순(Jae-Soon Eun),소수미(Soo-Mi Soh),조규박(Kyu-Park Cho) 대한약리학회 1994 대한약리학잡지 Vol.30 No.2
In this study, we tested the influences of several κ opioid ligands on the [<sup>3</sup>H]diprenorphine binding in rat and guinea pig cortex membrane preparations. Using paradigm to block μ and δ opioid receptors with DAMGO(1μM) and DPDPE(1μM), [<sup>3</sup>H]diprenorphine labeled κ sites. Competition analysis in both rat and guinea pig cortex has shown a single population of [<sup>3</sup>H]diprenorphine binding site with different Kd values, respectively. There is a significant difference in Ki values of (-) WIN44441 and (+)WIN44441 in both rat and guinea pig cortex. Bremazocine, (-)ethylketocyclazocine, (-)cyclazocine, nor-binaltorphimine effectively inhibited the [<sup>3</sup>H]diprenorphine binding with different Ki values in rat and guinea pig cortex. U-69,593, U-50,488H and dynorphine-A (1-8) did not inhibit the [<sup>3</sup>H]diprenorphine binding in rat but in guinea pig cortex. Nor-binaltorphimine was a ligand discriminate the κ<sub>1</sub>, and κ<sub>2</sub> receptor most effectively. We, also, examined the influence of Na ion and GTPγS, a nonhydrolyzable guanine nucleotide analog, on the inhibition of [<sup>3</sup>H]diprenorphine binding by diprenorphine, (-)ethyl-ketocyclazocine, U-69,593 and bremazocine. By the replacement of NaCl with N-methy-D-glucamine or addition of GTPγS, Ki values of diprenorpnine were not changed and that of ethylketocyclazocine were changed significantly in both rat and guinea pig cortex. The Ki value of bremazocine was decreased by removal of Na ion, and increased by GTPγS, however, was not changed by any one of either. These results suggest that there are 2 kinds of subtypes of κ opioid receptor, κ<sub>1</sub>, and κ<sub>2</sub>, showing different Ki values for various κ opioid ligands, also, bremazocine possess the antagonistic property at κ<sub>2</sub> site which is dominant subtype of K receptor in rat cortex.
Parameter Study of Boiling Model for CFD Simulation of Multiphase-Thermal Flow in a Pipe
Soh-Myung Chung,Yong-Seok Seo,Gyu-Mok Jeon,Jae-Won Kim,Jong-Chun Park 한국해양공학회 2021 韓國海洋工學會誌 Vol.35 No.1
The demand for eco-friendly energy is expected to increase due to the recently strengthened environmental regulations. In particular, the flow inside the pipe used in a cargo handling system (CHS) or fuel gas supply system (FGSS) of hydrogen transport ships and hydrogen-powered ships exhibits a very complex pattern of multiphase-thermal flow, including the boiling phenomenon and high accuracy analysis is required concerning safety. In this study, a feasibility study applying the boiling model was conducted to analyze the multiphase-thermal flow in the pipe considering the phase change. Two types of boiling models were employed and compared to implement the subcooled boiling phenomenon in nucleate boiling numerically. One was the "Rohsenow boiling model", which is the most commonly used one among the VOF (Volume-of-Fluid) boiling models under the Eulerian-Eulerian framework. The other was the "wall boiling model", which is suitable for nucleate boiling among the Eulerian multiphase models. Moreover, a comparative study was conducted by combining the nucleate site density and bubble departure diameter model that could influence the accuracy of the wall boiling model. A comparison of the Rohsenow boiling and the wall boiling models showed that the wall boiling model relatively well represented the process of bubble formation and development, even though more computation time was consumed. Among the combination of models used in the wall boiling model, the simulation results were affected significantly by the bubble departure diameter model, which had a very close relationship with the grid size. The present results are expected to provide useful information for identifying the characteristics of various parameters of the boiling model used in CFD simulations of multiphase-thermalflow, including phase change and selecting the appropriate parameters.
Lee, Won-Cheol,Chae, Min-Kyun,Soh, Kyoung-Jae,Seo, Ensung,Sohn, Young-Soo,Park, Kwangil,Kim, Byungsub,Sim, Jae-Yoon,Park, Hong-June IEEE 2019 IEEE transactions on components, packaging, and ma Vol.9 No.2
<P>A parallel branching synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM) channel with write-direction impedance matching (parallel branching with write-direction impedance matching (PBIM)) is proposed for an 8-drop 6.4-Gb/s SDRAM interface. The 8-drop PBIM channel consists of two parallel branches; each branch consists of a series connection of two dual in-line memory modules for a 4-drop configuration and the data (data pin) channel uses two kinds of transmission lines with characteristic impedances of 50 and <TEX>$25~\Omega $</TEX> and a resistor on the motherboard. Measurements on the test setup show that the proposed 8-drop channel works at the DDR5 target data rate of 6.4 Gb/s in both write and read directions by using the same motherboard area as that of the stub series terminated logic channel and a bit-error-rate tester for transmitter and receiver.</P>