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The Impact of Testicular Torsion on Testicular Function
Jacobsen Frederik M.,Rudlang Trine M.,Fode Mikkel,Østergren Peter B.,Sønksen Jens,Ohl Dana A.,Jensen Christian Fuglesang S. 대한남성과학회 2020 The World Journal of Men's Health Vol.38 No.3
Torsion of the spermatic cord is a urological emergency that must be treated with acute surgery. Possible long-term effects of torsion on testicular function are controversial. This review aims to address the impact of testicular torsion (TT) on the endocrine- and exocrine-function of the testis, including possible negative effects of torsion on the function of the contralateral testis. Testis tissue survival after TT is dependent on the degree and duration of TT. TT has been demonstrated to cause long-term decrease in sperm motility and reduce overall sperm counts. Reduced semen quality might be caused by ischemic damage and reperfusion injury. In contrast, most studies find endocrine parameters to be unaffected after torsion, although few report minor alterations in levels of gonadotropins and testosterone. Contralateral damage after unilateral TT has been suggested by histological abnormalities in the contralateral testis after orchiectomy of the torsed testis. The evidence is, however, limited as most human studies are small case-series. Theories as to what causes contralateral damage mainly derive from animal studies making it difficult to interpret the results in a human context. Large long-term follow-up studies are needed to clearly uncover changes in testicular function after TT and to determine the clinical impact of such changes.
Cisgenesis: an alternative approach to GM crops
E. Jacobsen,S. Zhu 한국육종학회 2012 한국육종학회 심포지엄 Vol.2012 No.07
Plant breeding has at this moment two gene pools available: 1. plant breeders’ gene pool consisting of all crossable germplasm. All the genes from this source are available in classical plant breeding. Functional genes isolated from this natural source are called “cisgenes”; 2. a new gene pool consists of transgenes, which are chimeric and mostly partly or totally consisting of genes from non-crossable species, including bacteria, viruses, etc. When GM breeding started in the eighties of last century’ only transgenes belonging to the new gene pool were available. The complicated biosafety regulations, needed for this new gene pool, have been based on these so called transgenic traits but because of the transformation process accidentally they are also including cisgenes. In this way cisgenesis belongs to the expensive class of GM breeding which is only practiced by multinationals in the so called large crops such as maize, soybean and cotton. Reconstructed logic delivers several arguments against the classification of cisgenesis into the GMO class: 1. Cisgenes are already existing in nature and belong to the breeders gene pool, 2. It does not fit the definition of a GMO, 3. It is in practice classical breeding replacing existing introgression and translocation breeding with the advantage of absence of linkage drag, 4. The EFSA recently showed that cisgenesis is as safe as classical plant breeding, 5. Another EU committee on new techniques concluded in majority that a sequence of at least 20 bp is needed to come to a new combination which has to be classified as GMO. So, cisgenic plants, mostly without insertion of borders, are not considered to be a GMO. A simple rule should be developed, including criterions, for defining true cisgenic plants. In this presentation, the creation of cisgenic, more durable, resistance of potato against potato late blight will be discussed. This is based on working simultaneously on the genetics of both potato and Phytophthora infestance and on stacking of broad spectrum R-genes. Isolation and use of over 20 R-genes and more than seven Avr-genes will be described and the use of them to come to functional stacking of at least three R-genes. Another important issue is, because of absence of cisgenic selection markers, the setup of a marker free transformation system. Cisgenesis is the most effective way to improve in one step worldwide frequently used free potato varieties, which are highly susceptible to late blight. If needed additional broad spectrum R-genes can be added later by re-transformation.
Oli G. Jacobsen 고신대학교 선교연구소 2007 고신선교 Vol.- No.4
Jesus on finishing the task Oohn. 4:34; 17:4; 19:30). Here paul testifies to a “mission accomplished" (v.26) by God’s grace (2 Tim.4:5-7). There is still an "unfinished task" . 1nitiating a particular task or mission (such as reach the moon, win a world championship, … establish a church, etc.), the strategy and the steps involved in reaching that goal are very important. 1t will involve many people, much time and many “steps". (Similar to building a house - the size and stren앙h will depend on the foundation). Before we look at the steps, notice that it took teamwork, “they". Same pattem throughout Acts. Believers (men and women) joined Paul in his ministry and they joined at strtegic times for effective ministry. 1n 1Cor. 3:6 we see this principle. “Boy pumping the organ". The text indicates the risk involved. Yet personal safety was not priority number one with Paul. 1n 15:26 “they risked, hazarded their lives .. .". (Acts 9:23-25; 14:5). The dangers today. The text also covers two locations yet states succinctly seven steps in church planting. It outlines what has to take place before the church planter can leave his allocation confident that the church will carry on its ministry and mission and reproduce itself.
자콤슨, 토만스,조대윤,김철위 서울대학교 치과대학 치과생체재료학교실 1995 치과생체재료학 논문집 Vol.3 No.1
목적 여러 용매 (물이나 아세톤)가 HEMA계 상아질 프라이머의 결합강도에 영향을 주는 방식, 프라이머의 도포시간이 결합강도에 영향을 주는 방식 및 수분이 오염된 결합레진의 전환방식을 알아보기 위한 것이다. 방법 물이나 아세톤과 혼합한 HEMA (35%)를 습윤상아질에 30초나 120초간 도포하고 건조한 후 결합레진을 도포하고 광조사하였다. 콤포짓트 원주형 시편을 이 표면에 접착하고 37℃ 물에 30일간 보관한 후 전단결합강도를 측정하였다. 결합레진 mL 당 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4 및 0.8 mL 의 물을 함유한 레진의 전환을 FTIR로 측정하였다. 결과 두 군의 아세톤군 (σ_(30s)=22.2±2.1 MPa, σ_(120s)=21.5±3.2 MPa) 은 두 군의 수분군 (σ_(30s)=7.0±3.3 MPa, σ_(120s)=16.2±4.8 MPa)보다 유의하게 높은 결합강도를 보였다. 아세톤계 프라이머와는 대조적으로 수분계 프라이머는 두 아센톤에는 미치지 못하나 프라이밍 시간을 증가함에 따라 결합강도도 증가하였다. 결합레진의 전환도는 53.5%이고 레진 mL 당 0.2mL이상의 물을 첨가했을때 약 25%까지 감소하였다. 의미 아세톤과 비교해 물은 HEMA 계 상아질 프라이머보다 못한 용매로 낮은 결합강도를 보였으며 아세톤보다 긴 프라이밍 시간을 필요로 하였는데 이 결과는 물이 레진계의 중합을 저해하기 때문이다.