Effect of low concentrations of hydrogen peroxide on the contractile responses of rat detrusor smooth muscle strips

Han, J.H.,Lee, M.Y.,Lee, S.Y.,Chang, I.H.,Kim, H.J.,Kim, W.,Myung, S.C. North-Holland ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2010 european journal of pharmacology Vol.638 No.1

This study was designed to determine how the contractility of rat detrusor smooth muscle strips changes in the presence of low concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H<SUB>2</SUB><SUB>2</SUB>. The strips were dissected from the base of Sprague-Dawley rat bladders and their contractile responses to a cumulative increase in H<SUB>2</SUB><SUB>2</SUB>concentration (3x10<SUP>-6</SUP>3x10<SUP>-2</SUP>%) were measured. How the duration of exposure to the fixed concentration of 3x10<SUP>-4</SUP>% H<SUB>2</SUB><SUB>2</SUB>affected contractility was also examined. Moreover, the effect of 3x10<SUP>-4</SUP>% H<SUB>2</SUB><SUB>2</SUB>pretreatment on the response to cumulative increases in the concentrations of phenylephrine or acetylcholine (10<SUP>-8</SUP>10<SUP>-4</SUP>) was assessed. To elucidate the mechanism by which H<SUB>2</SUB><SUB>2</SUB>induced contraction, we examined the effect of pretreatment with 10nM Y-27632, 10μM indomethacin, 10μM SQ29548, 10μM verapamil, 10μM vitamin E, or 1μM Bay-K 8644 on the contractile responses generated by cumulatively increasing the concentration of H<SUB>2</SUB><SUB>2</SUB> H<SUB>2</SUB><SUB>2</SUB>induced contractile responses in Ca<SUP>2+</SUP>free physiological solution were also examined. Low concentrations of H<SUB>2</SUB><SUB>2</SUB>increased the contractile responses of the strips in a dose-dependent manner but increasing treatment duration decreased these responses. H<SUB>2</SUB><SUB>2</SUB>pretreatment significantly augmented the contraction induced by phenylephrine (P<0.05) but had no effect on the response to acetylcholine. Pretreatment with Y-27632, indomethacin, vitamin E, verapamil, and Bay-K 8644 significantly inhibited the H<SUB>2</SUB><SUB>2</SUB>induced contraction (P<0.05). SQ 29548-pretreatment had no effect. H<SUB>2</SUB><SUB>2</SUB>could not increase the contractile responses in Ca<SUP>2+</SUP>free physiological solution. Thus, low concentrations of H<SUB>2</SUB><SUB>2</SUB>may directly affect detrusor smooth muscles and thereby induce detrusor overactivity.

Peroxiredoxin II promotes hepatic tumorigenesis through cooperation with Ras/Forkhead box M1 signaling pathway

Park, Y-H,Kim, S-U,Kwon, T-H,Kim, J-M,Song, I-S,Shin, H-J,Lee, B-K,Bang, D-H,Lee, S-J,Lee, D-S,Chang, K-T,Kim, B-Y,Yu, D-Y Macmillan Publishers Limited 2016 Oncogene Vol.35 No.27

<P>The current study was carried out to define the involvement of Peroxiredoxin (Prx) II in progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the underlying molecular mechanism(s). Expression and function of Prx II in HCC was determined using H-ras(G12V)-transformed HCC cells (H-ras(G12V)-HCC cells) and the tumor livers from H-ras(G12V)-transgenic (Tg) mice and HCC patients. Prx II was upregulated in H-ras(G12V)-HCC cells and H-ras(G12V)-Tg mouse tumor livers, the expression pattern of which highly similar to that of forkhead Box M1 (FoxM1). Moreover, either knockdown of FoxM1 or site-directed mutagenesis of FoxM1-binding site of Prx II promoter significantly reduced Prx II levels in H-ras(G12V)-HCC cells, indicating FoxM1 as a direct transcription factor of Prx II in HCC. Interestingly, the null mutation of Prx II markedly decreased the number and size of tumors in H-ras(G12V)-Tg livers. Consistent with this, knockdown of Prx II in H-ras(G12V)-HCC cells reduced the expression of cyclin D1, cell proliferation, anchorage-independent growth and tumor formation in athymic nude mice, whereas overexpression of Prx II increased or aggravated the tumor phenotypes. Importantly, the expression of Prx II was correlated with that of FoxM1 in HCC patients. The activation of extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) pathway and the expression of FoxM1 and cyclin D1 were highly dependent on Prx II in H-ras(G12V)-HCC cells and H-ras(G12V)-Tg livers. Prx II is FoxM1-dependently- expressed antioxidant in HCC and function as an enhancer of Ras(G12V) oncogenic potential in hepatic tumorigenesis through activation of ERK/FoxM1/cyclin D1 cascade.</P>

J.M. Keynes의 Normal Psychological Law에 關하여

張晙昊 西原大學校 1972 西原大學 論文集 Vol.1 No.-

The purpose of this note is to exclusive general falling into anerrors on J.M. Keynes'Normal Psychological Law and to find out not only its essential qualities, through comprehensive analysis of consumption function controversy, the formation of which in 1938 was much debated by E.W. Gilboy, Acheson J. Duncun and J.M. Keynes, but also the co-relation between keynes, law, Albin H, Hansen's criticism and Dynamic consumption Function Theory of James S. Duesenberry style; The contents of this note are shown as follows; The first chapter deals with Introduction The second chapter deals with Definition of J.M. Keynes' Normal Psychological Law; If ?? is the amount of consumption and ?? is income(both measured in wage units) ?? has the same sign as ?? but is smaller in amount, ie;?? is positive and less than unity. The third chapter deals with Normal Psychological Law Controversy. (a) E.W. Gilboy's criticism; he regarded Keynes' Psychological Law as follows. Keynes' N.P. Law=ε<1 ε=Elasticity of expenditure dependent on income (b) E.W. Gilboy, A.J. Duncun and J.M.Keynes' debate The fourth chapter deals with Essential Qualities of Normal Psychological Law. In cast of ΔE Y ΔE Y a) ε>1, -----·--- >1 ∴----- > --- ΔE E ΔY E , ΔE Y ΔE E b) ε=1, -----·--- =1 ∴----- = --- and ΔY E ΔY Y , ΔE Y ΔE E c) ε<1, -----·--- <1 ∴----- < --- ΔY E ΔY Y , E.W. Gilboy thought of only the case of c) as Keynes, Psychological law, By the way, the concrete contents of Keynes' N.P.Law is ΔC 1> ----->0 or ΔY>ΔC ΔY C ΔC C A. line, ---=-----=1, ----1……constant Y ΔY Y ΔC C B. line, -----<1(constant), ---……decreasing ΔY Y ΔC C C. line, ----->1(constant), ---……decreasing ΔY Y C ΔC D. line, ---=-----<1(constant) Y ΔY ΔC C E. line, ----->1(constant), ---……Increasing ΔY Y ΔC Keynes' -----<1 does not mean pointing any case of 「constant」, 「decreasing ΔY ΔC 」, and 「increasing」of ----- , but observing smaller condition than 1 in ca ΔY se of B and D consumption function line. The fifth chapter deals with some Conclusive words. Keynes' Psychological law is entirely right in static consumption function, but it is said that the rule is always not right in dynamic consumption function which is called long-term secular consumption function. ΔC But it is true that 「constant」of ----- in long-term secular consumption fun ΔY ction is not contradictory to the essential meaning of Keynes' psychological law in the general.

Follow-Up Study on CDX1 and CDX2 mRNA Expression in Noncancerous Gastric Mucosae After Helicobacter pylori Eradication

Shin, C. M.,Kim, N.,Chang, H.,Kim, J. S.,Lee, D. H.,Jung, H. C. Plenum Pub. Corp 2016 Digestive diseases and sciences Vol.61 No.4

<P>Changes in CDX1/CDX2 in gastric mucosae following Helicobacter pylori eradication have not been clarified yet. To evaluate the changes in CDX1/CDX2 expression after H. pylori eradication, in relation to the reversibility of intestinal metaplasia (IM). Time course of CDX1/CDX2 expressions was investigated in 176 subjects with various gastroduodenal disorders. Among them, 132 patients were H. pylori positives; H. pylori were eradicated in 107 of them; 13 failed to eradicate; and 12 did not receive H. pylori eradication therapy. Forty-four subjects were H. pylori negatives. Expression levels in CDX1 and CDX2 from noncancerous gastric mucosae of the corpus, as well as the histologic findings of gastric mucosae, were evaluated during the follow-up. Average follow-up duration was 33.7 months (range 2-97 months). Expression levels in both CDX1 and CDX2 mRNAs were correlated with IM grade in the corpus (rho = 0.633 and 0.554, respectively, all P < 0.001). Changes in CDX1/CDX2 mRNA expressions following H. pylori eradication showed only insignificant results; IM grade at the antrum and corpus showed a tendency to decrease after H. pylori eradication without statistical significance (P > 0.05). However, histologic improvement of IM at the corpus was associated with a decrease in CDX2 mRNA expression during the follow-up (linear mixed model, P for slope = 0.015). In this study, eradication of H. pylori did not show any beneficial effects on aberrant CDX1/CDX2 expressions or IM. Reversibility of IM may be associated with a decrease in CDX2 mRNA expression.</P>

Temperature and air pollution affected tree ring δ¹³C and water-use efficiency of pine and oak trees under rising CO₂ in a humid temperate forest

Kwak, J.H.,Lim, S.S.,Lee, K.S.,Viet, H.D.,Matsushima, M.,Lee, K.H.,Jung, K.,Kim, H.Y.,Lee, S.M.,Chang, S.X.,Choi, W.J. Elsevier 2016 Chemical geology Vol.420 No.-

<P>To better predict forest productivity under rising atmospheric CO2 concentration ([CO2]), it is critical to understand how intrinsic water-use efficiency (WUEi) and its relationship with tree growth are affected by the concomitant changes in environmental conditions such as precipitation, temperature, and air pollution that either enhance or undermine any potential CO2 fertilization effect. We investigated changes in delta C-13 and WUEi in annual rings and basal area increment (BAI) of Pinus densiflora (from 1968 to 2007) and Quercus variabilis (from 1970 to 2007) trees in relation to precipitation, temperature, and air pollution in a humid temperate forest. The WUEi of P. densiflora increased by 39.9%, whereas that of Q. variabilis did not change over time in the study period. The WUEi was not affected by precipitation for both species but increased (P < 0.001) with temperature for P. densiflora and with SO2 emissions for both species. Multiple regression models suggested that the effect of [CO2] on tree growth was much higher than temperature; however, for the period (1998 to 2007) when SO2 emissions data were available, SO2 emission was the driver of changes in BAI and WUEi, and temperature effects became stronger than [CO2]. Overall, BAI and WUEi were positively (P < 0.001) correlated for P. densiflora, but not for Q. variabilis. We conclude that temperature and air pollution rather than precipitation were key determinants of WUEi at the study site and that the two species had contrasting responses to environmental changes. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>

건국 우유와 유제품의 소비성향에 관한 조사연구

임종우,김종우,조광호,김영주,유제현,윤여창,장주익,권일경,안효일,이용규,이부응,박종래,이헌종 경상대학교 축산진흥연구소 1989 畜産振興硏究所報 Vol.16 No.1

NO₂Sensing Properties of CuPc and H₂Pc LB Films

Kwon, H.J.,Lee, Y.-J.,Chang, Y.K.,Kim, J.-D. 경북대학교 센서기술연구소 1998 센서技術學術大會論文集 Vol.9 No.1

Characteristics of CuPc and H_(2)Pc Langmuir-Blodgett(LB) films were examined and their NO_(2) sensing properties were investigated on a gas sensor using 9 MHz quartz crystal microbalance(QCM). The monolayer behavior of H_(2)Pc in air-water interface was observed by inspecting its UV absorption spectra as the surface pressure was increased. On ellipsometry measurement for CuPc and H_(2)Pc LB films, the thickness of H_(2)Pc LB film was almost twice as thick as that of CuPc. X-ray photoelectronic spectroscopy (XPS) spectra of CuPc LB film showed that Cu2p(1/2) and Cu2p(3/2) peak shifts arised from new bond formation by NO_(2) adsorption. Both CuPc and H_(2)Pc LB film produced significant frequency changes in low ppm range of NO_(2).

한우 어미소와 송아지의 행동 특성

한지훈,김동주,전중환,장홍희,구자민,김은정,이효종,연성찬 한국동물자원과학회 2004 한국축산학회지 Vol.46 No.1

This study was performed to investigate the behavioral characteristics of Hanwoo(Bos taurus coreanae) cows and their calves. Four cows and their calves were placed in pens. The behaviors of each cow and calf were recorded using a time lapse VCR from 07:00 h to 18:00 h for 6 days and were analyzed using the scan point sampling method. The cow's behaviors in order of frequency were LD(lying down, 25%), ST(standing, 23%), EA(eating, 13%), LR(lying down rumination, 10%) and SR(standing rumination, 7%). The cows spent less than 3% of their time PG(pairwise grooming) and SF(sniffing). The calves mainly showed LD(52%), ST(28%), LF(lying flat, 4%), EA(3%) and WA(walking, 3%). The calves spent less than 2% of their time SF(sniffing) and SUK(sucking). The behavioral patterns of cows and calves at 07:00 h, 12:00 h and 18:00 h were different, especially in ST and LD.

A study on the dynamic behavior of a sulfur trioxide decomposer for a nuclear hydrogen production

Kim, J.,Chang, J.,Park, B.H.,Shin, Y.,Lee, K.,Lee, W.,Chang, J. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2008 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY - Vol.33 No.24

The sulfur-iodine thermochemical water-splitting cycle (S-I cycle) is one of the most promising technologies for mass H<SUB>2</SUB> production. The S-I cycle is generally divided into three sections, one of which involves a H<SUB>2</SUB>SO<SUB>4</SUB> concentration and decomposition. In the sulfuric acid processing section (Section 2), H<SUB>2</SUB>SO<SUB>4</SUB> is decomposed into H<SUB>2</SUB>O and SO<SUB>3</SUB>, and then the produced SO<SUB>3</SUB> is further decomposed into SO<SUB>2</SUB> and O<SUB>2</SUB>, which takes place in a H<SUB>2</SUB>SO<SUB>4</SUB> decomposer and a SO<SUB>3</SUB> decomposer, respectively. The SO<SUB>3</SUB> decomposition requires heat of a high temperature and this suggests a heat-exchanger type reactor. To understand the temperature profiles and chemical reactions through a SO<SUB>3</SUB> decomposer, a dynamic model was developed by considering the heat and material balances in partial differential forms. A model was used to size the decomposer to a proposed design basis and it was also applied to simulate the responses corresponding to the changes of the operation conditions such as increased or decreased flow rates.

An exploration of the antioxidant effects of garlic saponins in mouse-derived C2C12 myoblasts

Kang, J. S.,Kim, S. O.,Kim, G.-Y.,Hwang, H. J.,Kim, B. W.,Chang, Y.-C.,Kim, W.-J.,Kim, C. M.,Yoo, Y. H.,Choi, Y. H. Spandidos Publications 2016 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR MEDICINE Vol.37 No.1

<P>In this study, we aimed to confirm the protective effects of garlic saponins against oxidative stress-induced cellular damage and to further elucidate the underlying mechanisms in mouse-derived C2C12 myoblasts. Relative cell viability was determined by 3-(4.5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2.5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Comet assay was used to measure DNA damage and oxidative stress was determined using 2 ',7 '-dichlorofluorescein diacetate to measure intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Western blot analysis and small interfering RNA (siRNA)-based knockdown were used in order to investigate the possible molecular mechanisms. Our results revealed that garlic saponins prevented hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced growth inhibition and exhibited scavenging activity against intracellular ROS. We also observed that garlic saponins prevented H2O2-induced comet tail formation and decreased the phosphorylation levels of gamma H2AX expression, suggesting that they can prevent H2O2-induced DNA damage. In addition, garlic saponins increased the levels of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), a potent antioxidant enzyme associated with the induction and phosphorylation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and the translocation of Nrf2 from the cytosol into the nucleus. However, the protective effects of garlic saponins on H2O2-induced ROS generation and growth inhibition were significantly reduced by zinc protoporphyrin IX, an HO-1 competitive inhibitor. In addition, the potential of garlic saponins to mediate HO-1 induction and protect against H2O2-mediated growth inhibition was adversely affected by transient transfection with Nrf2-specific siRNA. Garlic saponins activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling, whereas a specific ERK inhibitor was able to inhibit HO-1 upregulation, as well as Nrf2 induction and phosphorylation. Taken together, the findings of our study suggest that garlic saponins activate the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway by enabling ERK to contribute to the induction of phase II antioxidant and detoxifying enzymes, including HO-1 in C2C12 cells.</P>