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An acoustic study of fricated vowels in Nuosu Yi: an exploratory study
Perkins, Jeremy,Lee, Seunghun J.(이승훈),Li, Xiao,Liu, Hongyong 한국음성학회 2014 말소리와 음성과학 Vol.6 No.4
Fricated nuclei in Nuosu Yi were found to be more correctly described as fricated vowels, rather than syllabic fricatives due to the presence of clear formant structures typical of front vowels. In this exploratory study, two types of fricated nuclei were examined: retroflex “yr” and non-retroflex “y.” The retroflex nucleus “yr” had higher F1 and lower F3 than non-retroflex “y”, indicating a lower tongue height. On the other hand, F2 was found to correlate not with nucleus retroflexion, but instead with onset consonant retroflexion: F2 was higher following retroflex onsets, in both vowels. This effect was persistent through the entire vowel, suggesting a phonological effect, rather than a coarticulatory one. Interpretation of the F2 results require accompanying articulatory data since the usual coupling of F2 and tongue backness does not always hold for retroflex vowels. Examining the articulation of the fricated nuclei in Nuosu Yi is a direction for future research.
Sestrin as a Feedback Inhibitor of TOR That Prevents Age-Related Pathologies
Lee, J. H.,Budanov, A. V.,Park, E. J.,Birse, R.,Kim, T. E.,Perkins, G. A.,Ocorr, K.,Ellisman, M. H.,Bodmer, R.,Bier, E.,Karin, M. American Association for the Advancement of Scienc 2010 Science Vol.327 No.5970
<P>Sestrins are conserved proteins that accumulate in cells exposed to stress, potentiate adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and inhibit activation of target of rapamycin (TOR). We show that the abundance of Drosophila sestrin (dSesn) is increased upon chronic TOR activation through accumulation of reactive oxygen species that cause activation of c-Jun amino-terminal kinase and transcription factor Forkhead box O (FoxO). Loss of dSesn resulted in age-associated pathologies including triglyceride accumulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, muscle degeneration, and cardiac malfunction, which were prevented by pharmacological activation of AMPK or inhibition of TOR. Hence, dSesn appears to be a negative feedback regulator of TOR that integrates metabolic and stress inputs and prevents pathologies caused by chronic TOR activation that may result from diminished autophagic clearance of damaged mitochondria, protein aggregates, or lipids.</P>
Stability of a simple Levi–Civitá functional equation on non-unital commutative semigroups
CHUNG, J.,HUNT, H.,PERKINS, A.,SAHOO, P. K. SPRINGER SCIENCE + BUSINESS MEDIA 2014 Proceedings, Mathematical sciences Vol.124 No.3
<P>In this paper, we study the Hyers-Ulam stability of a simple Levi-Civita functional equation f(x+y)=f(x)h(y)+f(y) and its pexiderization f(x+y)= g(x) h(y)+k(y) on non-unital commutative semigroups by investigating the functional inequalities |f(x+y)-f(x)h(y)-f(y)|a parts per thousand currency signoee- and |f(x+y)-g(x)h(y)-k(y)|a parts per thousand currency signoee-, respectively. We also study the bounded solutions of the simple Levi-Civita functional inequality.</P>
Cameron J. Elward,Sebrina D. Perkins 대한소아응급의학회 2022 대한소아응급의학회지 Vol.9 No.1
This case report discusses a school-aged boy who presented to the emergency department with diffuse abdominal pain and fever. After investigation, he was found to have Enterobius vermicularis infestation of the appendix without appendicitis. The novelty of this case is the video clip of a live worm-like finding on ultrasound in the boy. The video for this case serves as a reminder for emergency physicians or pediatricians to consider parasitic etiologies in children with abdominal pain, absent some of the classic manifestations like perianal pruritis.
Seunghun J. Lee,Gaku Kurita,Jeremy Perkins 서울대학교 외국어교육연구소 2018 외국어교육연구 Vol.22 No.-
Chinese L2 learners of Japanese are identified as showing difficulties in the production of Japanese geminates. The idea of being difficult-to-listen is embodied in the concept Comprehensibility (Derwing & Munro 2015). This study first reviews the native pronunciation of Japanese singleton vs. geminate contrast. Then, we report findings based on the pronunciation by 20 Chinese learners of Japanese and discuss the issue of comprehensibility in geminate production. While the contrast in the closure duration between singleton and geminate consonants shows a similar pattern to reported Japanese speech, the learners show large differences in the vowel duration preceding and following consonants. We report findings from a linear mixed model that was run with speaker as a random effect. The results show that participants do not make differences in vowel duration, or the difference in vowel duration is reversed from L1 Japanese speakers. Identifying the locus of the source of an L2 accent should be accompanied with intelligibility and comprehensibility. Such identification is important in increasing comprehensibility in speech that is already intelligible.
U. Ullmann,J. Metzner,C. Schulz,J. Perkins,B. Leuenberger 한국식품영양과학회 2005 Journal of medicinal food Vol.8 No.3
Commercial Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10, ubiquinone) formulations are often of poor intestinal absorption. We investigated the bioavailability of DSM Nutritional Products Ltd. (Kaiseraugst, Switzerland) CoQ10 10% TG/P (all-Q??), a new tablet-grade formulation, with CoQ10 Q-Gel?? Softsules?? based on the Bio-Solv?? technology (Tishcon Corp., Salisbury, MD; marketed by Epic4Health™, Smithtown, NY) and Q-SorB?? (Nature’s Bounty™, Bohemia, NY). Twelve healthy male subjects participated in a randomized, three-period crossover bioequivalence study. Plasma CoQ10 was determined from pre-dose until 36 hours. To compare bioavailability, corrected maximum concentration (Cmax) and area under the curve from 0 to 14 hours [AUC(0-14 h)] were assessed and tested for bioequivalence. The bioequivalence ranges of 0.8–1.25 hour g/mL for AUC(0-14 h) and 0.75–1.33 g/mL for Cmax were applied. In summary, the kinetic profiles of all CoQ10 preparations revealed a one-peak plasma concentration–time course. Highest Cmax values were seen after Q-Gel application, whereas time to Cmax was nearly identical across all treatments. The AUC(0-14 h) values were highest for Q-Gel, narrowly followed by all-Q. The tests for bioequivalence showed a bioequivalence between Q-Gel and all-Q, and both preparations were found to have better bioavailability properties than Q-SorB. Although all-Q and Q-Gel have equivalent bioavailability properties, all-Q can be directly used in tablets, while this is not the case for Q-Gel or other similar forms.
Edralin A. Lucas,Maryam Yuhas,Kayla White,Penelope Perkins-Veazie,Maureen Beebe,Sandra Peterson,Mark E. Payton,Brenda J. Smith 한국식품영양과학회 2020 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.25 No.1
This study investigated the effects of two doses of freeze-dried watermelon (WM) on bone and lipid parameters in ovariectomized (OVX) mice, a model of post-menopausal osteoporosis. Three-month-old C57BL/6 female mice (n=46) were sham-operated (SHAM) or OVX and randomly assigned to the control or WM diets for 12 weeks: SHAM-control, OVX-control, OVX+1%, or 10% (wt/wt) freeze-dried WM. All diets were isocaloric and isonitrogenous, and had the same calcium and phosphorus concentrations. Freeze-dried WM supplementation was not able to prevent the decrease in whole body, tibial, and lumbar bone mineral density due to estrogen deficiency. Micro-computed tomography analyses showed that WM was also not able to modulate changes in tibial trabecular and cortical bone microarchitecture due to ovariectomy. However, the lumbar trabecular micro-architecture analyses revealed that the WM-10% group had a similar connectivity density, trabecular number, trabecular separation, and structure model index as the SHAM group. Supplementation with 10% WM reduced plasma cholesterol and total liver lipids to the level of the SHAM group but was still similar to that of the OVX-control group. Supplementation with 10% WM increased liver catalase (CAT) mRNA levels but had no effects on mRNA levels of glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6. There were no differences in plasma activity of the antioxidant enzymes GPX and CAT between all treatment groups. Our findings demonstrate some positive effects of watermelon for modulating lipids and attenuating lumbar vertebral bone loss arising from ovarian hormone deficiency.
Heo, Jongbae,Antkiewicz, Dagmara S,Shafer, Martin M,Perkins, Dawn A K,Sioutas, Constantinos,Schauer, James J Springer-Verlag 2015 Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry Vol.407 No.20
<P>In order to further our understanding of the influence of chemical components and ultimately specific sources of atmospheric particulate matter (PM) on pro-inflammatory and other adverse cellular responses, we promulgate and apply a suite of chemical fractionation tools to aqueous aerosol extracts of PM samples for analysis in toxicity assays. We illustrate the approach with a study that used water extracts of quasi-ultrafine PM (PM0.25) collected in the Los Angeles Basin. Filtered PM extracts were fractionated using Chelex, a weak anion exchanger diethylaminoethyl (DEAE), a strong anion exchanger (SAX), and a hydrophobic C18 resin, as well as by desferrioxamine (DFO) complexation that binds iron. The fractionated extracts were then analyzed using high-resolution sector field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (SF-ICPMS) to determine elemental composition. Cellular responses to the fractionated extracts were probed in an in vitro rat alveolar macrophages model with measurement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and the cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). The DFO treatment that chelates iron was very effective at reducing the cellular ROS activity but had only a small impact on the TNF-α production. In contrast, the hydrophobic C18 resin treatment had a small impact on the cellular ROS activity but significantly reduced the TNF-α production. The use of statistical methods to integrate the results across all treatments led to the conclusion that sufficient iron must be present to participate in the chemistry needed for ROS activity, but the amount of ROS activity is not proportional to the iron solution concentration. ROS activity was found to be most related to cationic mono- and divalent metals (i.e., Mn and Ni) and oxyanions (i.e., Mo and V). Although the TNF-α production was not significantly affected by the chelexation of iron, it was greatly impacted by the removal of organics with the C18 resin and all other metal removal methods, suggesting that iron is not a critical pathway leading to TNF-α production, but a wide range of soluble metals and organic compounds in particulate matter play a role. Although the results are specific to the Los Angeles Basin, where the samples used in the study were collected, the method employed in the study can be widely employed to study the role of components of particulate matter in in vitro or in vivo assays.</P>