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Calmodulin interacts with MLO protein to regulate defence against mildew in barley
Kim, Min-C.,Ralph Panstruga,Candance Elliott,Judith Muller,Alessandra Devoto,Yoon, Hae W.,Park, Hyeong C.,Cho, Moo J.,Paul Schulze-Lefert Plant molecular biology and biotechnology research 2002 Plant molecular biology and biotechnology research Vol.2002 No.-
In plants, defence against specific isolates of a pathogen can be triggered by the presence of a corresponding race-specific resistance gene, whereas resistance of a more broad-spectrum nature can result from recessive, presumably loss-of-regulatory-function, mutations. An example of the latter are mlo mutations in barley, which have been successful in agriculture for the control of powdery mildew fungus (Blumeria graminist f. sp. hordei; Bgh). MLO protein resides in the plasma membrane, has seven transmembrane domains, and is the prototype of a sequence-diversified family unique to plants, reminiscent of the seven-transmembrane receptors in fungi and animals. In animals, these are known as G-protein-coupled receptors and exist in three main families, lacking sequence similarity, that are thought to be an example of molecular convergence. MLO seems to function independently of heterotrimeric G proteins. We have identified a domain in MLO that mediates a Ca^(2+)-dependent interaction with calmodulin in vitro. Loss of calmodulin binding halves the ability of MLO to negatively regulate defence against powdery mildew in vivo. We propose a sensor sole for MLO in the modulation of defence reactions.
Final report on CCQM-K125: elements in infant formula
Merrick, J,Saxby, D,Dutra, E S,Sena, R C,Araú,jo, T O,Almeida, M D,Yang, L,Pihillagawa, I G,Mester, Z,Sandoval, S,Wei, C,Castillo, M E D,Oster, C,Fisicaro, P,Rienitz, O,Pape, C,Schulz, U,Jä BUREAU INTERNATIONAL DES POIDS ET MESURES 2017 METROLOGIA -BERLIN- Vol.54 No.1
Schulz, Robert,Park, Eunhee,Lee, Jungsoo,Chang, Won Hyuk,Lee, Ahee,Kim, Yun-Hee,Hummel, Friedhelm C. American Heart Association 2017 Stroke Vol. No.
<P>Conclusions-The present data show that patients with stroke with different degree of CST disruption differ in their dependency on structural premotor-motor connections for residual motor output. This finding might have important implications for future research on recovery prediction models and on responses to treatment strategies.</P>
Giant viruses with an expanded complement of translation system components
Schulz, Frederik,Yutin, Natalya,Ivanova, Natalia N.,Ortega, Davi R.,Lee, Tae Kwon,Vierheilig, Julia,Daims, Holger,Horn, Matthias,Wagner, Michael,Jensen, Grant J.,Kyrpides, Nikos C.,Koonin, Eugene V.,W American Association for the Advancement of Scienc 2017 Science Vol.356 No.6333
<P>The discovery of giant viruses blurred the sharp division between viruses and cellular life. Giant virus genomes encode proteins considered as signatures of cellular organisms, particularly translation system components, prompting hypotheses that these viruses derived from a fourth domain of cellular life. Here we report the discovery of a group of giant viruses (Klosneuviruses) in metagenomic data. Compared with other giant viruses, the Klosneuviruses encode an expanded translation machinery, including aminoacyl transfer RNA synthetases with specificities for all 20 amino acids. Notwithstanding the prevalence of translation system components, comprehensive phylogenomic analysis of these genes indicates that Klosneuviruses did not evolve from a cellular ancestor but rather are derived from a much smaller virus through extensive gain of host genes.</P>
Neu, V,Schulze, C,Faustini, M,Lee, J,Makarov, D,Suess, D,Kim, S-K,Grosso, D,Schultz, L,Albrecht, M IOP Pub 2013 Nanotechnology Vol.24 No.14
<P>Magnetization reversal processes in Co/Pt multilayers prepared on nanoperforated templates are probed by magnetization relaxation measurements. The signature of pinning controlled domain wall movement as expected for percolated media is identified. This contrasts with the nucleation-type reversal mechanism of a Co/Pt reference film prepared on a smooth substrate. A zero field energy barrier of 93<I>k</I><SUB>B</SUB><I>T</I> is determined by fluctuation field measurements and is elucidated by micromagnetic calculations using the nudged elastic band method. This value is sufficiently large to qualify the material as a promising percolated medium.</P>