Genomic stability in Nicotiana plants upon silencing of the mismatch repair gene MSH2

Inke Van Marcke,Geert Angenon 한국식물생명공학회 2013 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.7 No.4

The Mismatch Repair (MMR) system is a highly conserved pathway for the maintenance of genomic stability in many organisms. In plants, this is particularly important because of the lack of a reserved germline. Suppression of MMR leads to an accumulation of random mutations in the genome over successive generations, and thus maximizes genetic diversity. MMR deficiency has been shown to be a useful technique in plant breeding, complementary to chemical or physical mutagenesis. We have developed an artificial microRNA (amiRNA) targeting the MSH2 gene, which is generally applicable in Solanaceae. Two amiRNA precursors were inserted in a transformation vector, under the control of the CaMV 35S promoter and the meiosis active AtDMC1 promoter, respectively. Introduction of this amiRNA construct in Nicotiana tabacum and N. plumbaginifolia reduced the MSH2 transcript levels to 20–30 %. Morphological anddevelopmental abnormalities and plants with white sectors on the first pair of leaves or on the cotyledons (referred to as ‘chimeric albinos’) appeared in the transformed Nicotiana lines at higher frequencies than in the control lines. Also, some plants which show an increased tolerance for the herbicide chlorsulfuron were found. However, themutant phenotypes were not transmitted to subsequent generations. We conclude that the designed amiRNA was capable of suppressing the MSH2 activity, which causedthe occurrence of somatic mutations. Apparently, the silencing of MSH2 was not strong enough in the germline to cause inheritable mutations.

Genomic stability in Nicotiana plants upon silencing of the mismatch repair gene MSH2

Marcke, Inke Van,Angenon, Geert 한국식물생명공학회 2013 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.7 No.4

The Mismatch Repair (MMR) system is a highly conserved pathway for the maintenance of genomic stability in many organisms. In plants, this is particularly important because of the lack of a reserved germline. Suppression of MMR leads to an accumulation of random mutations in the genome over successive generations, and thus maximizes genetic diversity. MMR deficiency has been shown to be a useful technique in plant breeding, complementary to chemical or physical mutagenesis. We have developed an artificial microRNA (amiRNA) targeting the MSH2 gene, which is generally applicable in Solanaceae. Two amiRNA precursors were inserted in a transformation vector, under the control of the CaMV 35S promoter and the meiosis active AtDMC1 promoter, respectively. Introduction of this amiRNA construct in Nicotiana tabacum and N. plumbaginifolia reduced the MSH2 transcript levels to 20-30 %. Morphological and developmental abnormalities and plants with white sectors on the first pair of leaves or on the cotyledons (referred to as 'chimeric albinos') appeared in the transformed Nicotiana lines at higher frequencies than in the control lines. Also, some plants which show an increased tolerance for the herbicide chlorsulfuron were found. However, the mutant phenotypes were not transmitted to subsequent generations. We conclude that the designed amiRNA was capable of suppressing the MSH2 activity, which caused the occurrence of somatic mutations. Apparently, the silencing of MSH2 was not strong enough in the germline to cause inheritable mutations.

Association of <i>SNCA</i> variants with α-synuclein of gastric and colonic mucosa in Parkinson's disease

Chung, Sun Ju,Kö,nig, Inke R.,Lohmann, Katja,Hinrichs, Frauke,Kim, Juyeon,Ryu, Ho-Sung,Lee, Hyo Jeong,Kim, Kiju,Lee, Jeong Hoon,Jung, Kee Wook,Kim, Mi Jung,Kim, Mi-Jung,Kim, Young Jin,Yun, Sung-Ch Elsevier 2019 Parkinsonism & related disorders Vol.61 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Background</B></P> <P>Alpha-synuclein (α-Syn) immunostaining in the enteric nervous system (ENS) has been investigated to determine the role of diagnostic biomarker of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, determining factors for alpha-synuclein (α-Syn) deposition in the ENS of humans are still unclear. We aimed to investigate a possible association between <I>SNCA</I> variants and the presence of α-Syn immunostaining in the ENS in patients with PD and healthy individuals.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>The study subjects consisted of 38 patients with PD and 46 healthy individuals. α-Syn immunohistochemistry was performed for gastric and colonic mucosal tissues of patients with PD and controls. Mucosal biopsy tissues of the ENS were obtained using standard biopsy forceps by endoscopic gastroduodenoscopy or colonoscopy. Two variants within the <I>SNCA</I> gene (the single nucleotide polymorphism [SNP] rs11931074 and the microsatellite REP1) were genotyped.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>In patients with PD, the rs11931074 (G allele) was significantly associated with the presence of α-Syn immunostaining in the ENS (OR = 5.96, 95% CI = 1.70–20.97, <I>P</I> = 0.01). In an interaction analysis, SNP rs11931074–PD status interaction was significantly associated with positive α-Syn immunostaining in the ENS (OR = 7.33, 95% CI = 1.58–33.88, <I>P</I> = 0.01). Longer <I>SNCA</I> REP1 alleles were not associated with positive α-Syn immunostaining in the ENS.</P> <P><B>Conclusion</B></P> <P>This exploratory study demonstrated that α-Syn deposition in the ENS may be associated with <I>SNCA</I> variants in patients with PD.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Determining factors for alpha-synuclein (α-Syn) deposition in the enteric nervous system (ENS) of humans are still unclear. </LI> <LI> <I>SNCA</I> rs11931074 (G allele) is associated with α-Syn immunostaining in the ENS in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). </LI> <LI> α-Syn deposition in the ENS may be associated with <I>SNCA</I> variants in patients with PD. </LI> </UL> </P>

Development of New Methods for Isolation, Preservation of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells and Differentiation of Dermal Papilla Cells from Adipose-Derived Stem Cells

Inkee Hong 한국식품영양과학회 2022 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2022 No.10

Flow and Heat Transfer Characteristics of the Single Swirl Round Jet Impinging on Flat Plate

Inkee Chung,Sooyoun Kim 한국자동차공학회 2004 한국자동차공학회 지부 학술대회 논문집 Vol.- No.-

In present study, the flow and heat transfer characteristics of the single swirl round jet impinging on the flat plate in fully developed flow channel were experimentally investigated. Twisted-tape inserts in a circular nozzle generated swirl jets as swirl generators. The effect of swirl ratios, Reynolds numbers and the distance of nozzle-to-plate on the local and average Nusselt numbers at jet impinging wall were measured by the naphthalene sublimation technique and the flow visualization technique. As the results, the average Nusselt numbers around the stagnation point for swirl jets were higher than those for jets without swirling.

Imperfectness in Recycling and Reprocessing and Its Effects on the Optimal Tax-Subsidy Structure on Waste

Inkee Hong(홍인기) 한국환경정책학회 2018 環境政策 Vol.26 No.4

Welfare Effects of the Tax Reforms in Two Vertically Related Oligopolies with Environmental Externality

Inkee Hong 한국재정학회(구 한국재정·공공경제학회) 2007 한국재정학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2007 No.-

In two vertically related oligopolies where the upstream industry is polluting, four inefficiencies arise: (i) the suboptimal levels of production in upstream as well as (ii) in downstream, (iii) the input-mix distortion in downstream, and (iv) the environmental damages in upstream. I show analytically that government can always improve welfare through various revenue-neutral tax reforms. The magnitudes of welfare improvement by these tax reforms depend on the relative size of industry profits to environmental damages, the both industries’ input substitutability, the both industries’ market power, and other parameters from demand and cost structures. Among these, the relative size of industry profits to environmental damages is crucial in deciding the direction of taxsubsidy schemes. In general, a tax on the upstream industry should be levied if the size of industry profits is greater than the size of environmental damages. I also show that a specific tax is potentially superior to an ad valorem output tax in terms of welfare even in vertically related oligopolies, since the former can utilize both the upstream firms’ input substitutability and the downstream firms’ input substitutability, while an ad valorem tax on the intermediate good only utilizes the downstream firms’ input substitutability.

Dynamic Adverse Selection and Belief Update in Credit

Inkee Jang,Kee-Youn Kang 한국재무학회 2020 한국재무학회 학술대회 Vol.2020 No.08

We develop a dynamic model of debt contracts with adverse selection and belief updates. In the model, entrepreneurs borrow investment goods from lenders to run businesses whose returns depend on entrepreneurial productivity and common productivity. The entrepreneurial productivity is the entrepreneur’s private information, and the lender constructs beliefs about the entrepreneur’s productivity based on the entrepreneur’s business operation history, common productivity history, and terms of the contract. The model provides insights on the dynamic and cross-sectional relation between firm age and credit risk, cyclical asymmetry of the business cycle, slow recovery after a crisis, and the constructive economic downturn.

행복을 부르는 세 잎 클로버 : 장기근속 지적장애인의 직업유지 특성 탐색

이인경,최민식 국립특수교육원 2010 특수교육연구 Vol.17 No.1

본 사례연구의 목적은 16∼18년간 사업체에서 근무하고 있는 지적장애인들의 직업생활을 내부적 관점에서 총체적으로 관찰하고 해석함으로써 지적장애근로인의 직업유지에 영향을 미친 특성이무엇인지 탐색하기 위함이다. 자료수집 방법으로는 비공식적 면담, 심층면담, 그룹면담, 참여관찰의 상호작용방법과 문헌자료분석(직업재활서비스 개별화일, 생산적 자료분석-수상기록, 상장 등 결과 중심의 결과물), 현장노트를 통한 비상호적 작용 방법을 사용하였다. 그리고 이렇게 수집된 자료들은 정리, 분석이 동시에 이루어지게 함으로써 주제를 점차 구체화 할 수 있도록 순환적 방법이 사용되었다. 본 연구에서 연구참여자들은 생동적 직업태도와 자기관리 능력을 바탕으로 그들이 속해 있는 지역사회에서 소비중심의 경제활동과 정기적인 종교생활, 동호회 활동에 참석함으로서 자기 주도적이며, 능동적인 일상생활을 즐기고 있었다. 그리고 이들의 직업유지에 대한 강한 의지와 작업생산성은 직업생활의 중요한 바탕이 되고 있으며, 가족, 지역사회복지기관, 사업체는 생애·협력적인지원방안을 통하여 연구참여자들이 계속적으로 직업생활을 유지할 수 있도록 돕고 있었다. 즉, 연구참여자들은 ‘사회적 상호작용 속에서의 일상생활’, ‘자기 주도적 개인특성’, ‘생애·협력적 지원’이라는 직업유지 특성을 통하여 직업유지를 위협하는 위험요인들을 극복하며, 장기적으로 직업생활을 영위해 나가고 있는 것이다. The purpose of the research is to investigate the factors to influence job tenure of people with intellectual disability. The methodology of the study is case study under the symbolic interactionism with epistemology of constructionism Three participants with intellectual disability with 16- to 18-year-career experience were located. Various types of data have been collected: Indepth interviews for a group and individuals, participatory observation, field note, documentary analysis including individual profile of vocational rehabilitation services, award records, and some productive documents. Cyclical analysis method were employed through collecting and analyzing data together. We found three themes to maintain the successful career: First, active involvement in daily social networks as family, community life, and second, strong willingness to maintain job-performance and the ability to make a job production, third, supports and cooperation of family, social welfare organizations and work-fields.

정렬 프로그래밍 교육을 위한 시각화 도구의 개발

정인기 한국컴퓨터교육학회 2004 컴퓨터교육학회 논문지 Vol.7 No.6

자료구조 및 알고리즘 분야는 컴퓨터 프로그래밍 교육의 기반이 되는 과목이다. 그러나 교육 방법이 현재의 추세인 비주얼 프로그래밍과 윈도우 프로그래밍 방법을 따라가지 못하여 학생들의 흥미를 유발하지 못하고 있다. 정렬 프로그래밍도 다른 자료 구조와 상황은 마찬가지이다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 본 논문에서는 교육자가 효과적으로 정렬 알고리즘을 교육할 수 있는 VTSPI (Visualization Tool for Sorting Programming Instruction)를 개발하였다. 뿐만 아니라 VTSPI는 비주얼 프로그래밍에 기반을 둔 소프트웨어 컴포넌트이기 때문에 학생들이 쉽게 프로그래밍할 수 있고, 자신의 프로그램을 이해할 수 있고, 디버깅을 쉽게 할 수 있게 해준다. Data structure and algorithm are primary courses for computer programming instruction. However, now those are not interesting courses for students because the programming instruction methodologies that used these courses are not the proper methodologies for the visual and windows programming. The Sorting programming is the same as other data structures. Therefore, we developed the VTSPI (Visualization Tool for Sorting Programming Instruction) which is a software component to instruct sorting program effectively for solving these problems. As a result, students can code, understand and debug their programs because VTPSI is software components based on visual programming.