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Heterogeneity and Netting Efficiency under Central Clearing : A Stochastic Network Analysis
Injun Hwang,Baeho Kim 한국재무학회 2018 한국재무학회 학술대회 Vol.2018 No.11
This paper examines the effect of heterogeneity in exposures between banks on the netting efficiency under central clearing. Our network model specifies the prenetted interbank exposures as a joint stochastic process that shapes cross-correlation of asymmetric distributions. Employing OTC derivatives market data provided by the U.S. Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, we analyze how the correlation between interbank exposure distributions and the dispersion in bank sizes affect multilateral netting efficiency in the presence of a central clearing counterparty across various bank-specific resiliency and volatility parameters. Our simulation results indicate that the multilateral netting benefit under central clearing outweighs the bilateral reduction of expected exposures within an environment of systemic homogeneity in the distributions of interbank exposure dynamics. Furthermore, we find that policymakers should incentivize individual banks to enhance the resiliency and stability of their management of interbank exposures in a less homogeneous way.
Heterogeneity and Netting Efficiency under Central Clearing : A Stochastic Network Analysis
Injun Hwang,Baeho Kim 한국재무학회 2019 한국재무학회 학술대회 Vol.2019 No.05
This paper examines the effect of heterogeneity in clearing members’ exposure management practices on system-wide expected exposure under central clearing. Our network model specifies the dynamics of pre-netted interbank exposure as a joint stochastic process that shapes interdependent bank-to-bank exposure distributions beyond normality. Employing over-the-counter derivatives market data provided by the U.S. Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, our simulation results indicate that heterogeneity in bank-to-bank exposure dynamics and size is systemically desirable in general, while the entire system benefits more from central clearing in a more homogeneous environment. Furthermore, policymakers should incentivize individual clearing members to enhance resiliency and stability in counterparty exposure management to maximize netting efficiency under central clearing.
농업용수의 미생물학적 안전성 조사 및 위생지표세균 농도와 병원성미생물 검출률과의 상관관계 분석
황인준 ( Injun Hwang ),이태권 ( Tae Kwon Lee ),박대수 ( Daesoo Park ),김은선 ( Eunsun Kim ),최송이 ( Song-yi Choi ),현정은 ( Jeong-eun Hyun ),나겐드란라자린감 ( Nagendran Rajalingam ),김세리 ( Se-ri Kim ),조민 ( Min Cho ) 한국환경농학회 2021 한국환경농학회지 Vol.40 No.4
BACKGROUND: Contaminated water was a major source of food-borne pathogens in various recent fresh produce-related outbreaks. This study was conducted to investigate the microbial contamination level and correlations between the level of sanitary indicator bacteria and the detection ratio of pathogens in agricultural water by logistic regression analysis. METHODS AND RESULTS: Agricultural water was collected from 457 sites including surface water (n=300 sites) and groundwater (n=157 sites) in South Korea from 2018 to 2020. Sanitary indicator bacteria (total coliform, fecal coliform, and Escherichia coli) and food-borne pathogens (pathogenic E. coli, E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella spp., and Listeria monocytogenes) were analyzed. In surface water, the coliform, fecal coliform, and E. coli were 3.27±0.89 log CFU/100 mL, 1.90±1.19 log CFU/100 mL, and 1.39±1.26 log CFU/100 mL, respectively. For groundwater, three kinds of sanitary indicators ranged in the level from 0.09 - 0.57 log CFU/100 mL. Pathogenic E. coli, Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes were detected from 3%-site, 1.5%-site, and 0.6%-site water samples, respectively. According to the results of correlations between the level of sanitary indicator bacteria and the detection ratio of pathogens by logistic regression analysis, the probability of pathogen detection increased individually by 1.45 and 1.34 times as each total coliform and E. coli concentration increased by 1 log CFU/100mL. The accuracy of the model was 70.4%, and sensitivity and specificity were 81.5% and 51.7%, respectively. CONCLUSION(S): The results indicate the need to manage the microbial risk of agricultural water to enhance the safety of fresh produce. In addition, logistic regression analysis is useful to analyze the correlation between the level of sanitary indicator bacteria and the detection ratio of pathogens in agricultural water.
황인준(Injun Hwang),김성기(Sungki Kim),이석호(Sukho Lee) 한국정보과학회 1989 한국정보과학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.16 No.2
데이타베이스 시스템이 많은 양의 데이타를 효율적으로 관리하는 반면 프로그래밍 언어는 복잡한 구조의 데이타를 표현하고 처리할 수 있다. 두 시스템을 결합하려는 기존의 시도는 결합 불일치때문에 응용의 개발에 많은 제약을 준다. 본 논문에서는 객체 중심 데이타 모델을 기반으로 한 데이타베이스 프로그래밍 언어인 O²DBPL을 설계한다. O²DBPL의 주요한 특징으로는 객체 식별자를 통한 복합 객체의 지원, 타입 계층과 특성 계승, 다양한 프로그래밍 구조와 집합 연산, 컴파일 단계에서의 타입 검사, 객체의 지속성 지원등이 있다.
경기, 강원 지역 농업용수의 미생물학적 특성 및 농업용수 분리 대장균의 항생제 내성
황인준 ( Injun Hwang ),박대수 ( Daesoo Park ),채효빈 ( Hyobeen Chae ),김은선 ( Eunsun Kim ),윤재현 ( Jae-hyun Yoon ),나겐드란라자린감 ( Nagendran Rajalingam ),최송이 ( Songyi Choi ),김세리 ( Se-ri Kim ) 한국환경농학회 2020 한국환경농학회지 Vol.39 No.4
BACKGROUND: Irrigation water is known to be one of the major sources of bacterial contamination in agricultural products. In addition, anti-microbial resistance (AMR) bacteria in food products possess serious threat to humans. This study was aimed at investigating the prevalence of foodborne bacteria in irrigation water and evaluating their anti-microbial susceptibility. METHODS AND RESULTS: Surface water (n = 66 sites) and groundwater (n = 40 sites) samples were collected from the Gyeongi and Gangwon provinces of South Korea during April, July, and October 2019. To evaluate the safety of water, fecal indicators (Escherichia coli) and foodborne pathogens (E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella spp., and Listeria monocytogenes) were examined. E. coli isolates from water were further tested for antimicrobial susceptibility using VITEK2 system. Overall, detection rate of foodborne pathogens in July was highest among three months. The prevalence of pathogenic E. coli (24%), Salmonella (3%), and L. monocytogenes (3%) was higher in surface water, while only one ground water site was contained with pathogenic E. coli (2.5%). Of the 343 E. coli isolates, 22.7% isolates were resistant to one or more antimicrobials (ampicillin (18.7%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (7.0%), and ciprofloxacin (6.7%)). CONCLUSION: To enhance the safety of agricultural products, it is necessary to frequently monitor the microbial quality of water.