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Ingram, David M.,Villate, Jose Luis,Abonnel, Cyrille,Johnstone, Cameron Korean Society for Fluid machinery 2008 International journal of fluid machinery and syste Vol.1 No.1
EquiMar (Equitable Testing and Evaluation of Marine Energy Extraction Devices in terms of Performance, Cost and Environmental Impact) is one of the first round of energy projects under the European Commissions 7th Framework Programme (FP7). The three year EquiMar project aims to deliver a suite of protocols for the evaluation of both wave and tidal converters, harmonizing testing and evaluation procedures across the wide range of available devices, accelerating adoption through technology matching and improving the understanding of both environmental and economic impacts associated with the deployment of devices. The EquiMar protocols will cover site selection, initial design, scaling up of designs, the deployment of arrays and environmental impact assessment as well as economic issues. EquiMar will build on existing protocols, e.g. UK DTI Marine Renewables Development Fund (MRDF) protocols for wave and tidal energy, and engage with international standards setting activities, e.g. IEC TC114.
English Language Policy in Australia
Ingram, David, E. 한국영어교육학회 2004 ENGLISH TEACHING(영어교육) Vol.59 No.2
By the late 1980s, all States and Territories in Australia had developed, adopted and were implementing their own State or Territory language education policies. These developments were significant in that they marked the first time that any English-speaking country had systematically addressed language and language education policy development at the national level. This paper will discuss the Australian experience of policy development, including both the strengths and the weakness in the steps that were taken and the lessons that can be learned from them. The paper will consider the structure and design of language policy, the basis of its development, and its articulation from the needs of the society and of individuals in the society, to policy formulation, implementation, and on-going evaluation and revision. The paper will also discuss the basic information that is needed as one sets about preparing national language and language education policies including such issues as the needs of the society, industry demands and how they might be established, language audits or needs analyses, and education needs. This paper will discuss the policies that have been adopted to meet the English language needs both of Australian residents and overseas students and will also refer to the practical implementation of the policies in terms of methodology, curriculum design, testing and quality assurance.
Dielectric dispersion studies in (C3N2H5)2SbF5
A. Ingram,Z Czapla,S. Wacke 한국물리학회 2016 Current Applied Physics Vol.16 No.3
The dielectric properties of (C3N2H5)2SbF5 were studied in the frequency range of 40 Hz5 MHz and temperature range 343190 K. There are two dispersion ranges. The first one observed in the range of 10 kHz5 MHz and temperature range 300220 K is connected with dipolar relaxation process. The dispersion observed on the crystal plates normal to the a and c crystallographic axes is quite similar. Activation energies connected with dipolar relaxation for both mentioned directions Ed are equal to 0.335 ± 0.020 eV. The second dispersion observed in the frequency range of 40 Hze10 kHz and temperature interval of 343250 K is supposed to be connected with ionic conductivity. Activation energies for the crystal plates normal to the a and c crystallographic axes are close and equal to Ec ¼ 0.50 ± 0.01 eV and Ec ¼ 0.45 ± 0.01 eV, respectively. The dispersion observed on the crystal plate normal to the b axis in the frequency range of 40 He10 kHz and temperature range of 300343 K is connected with supposed ionic conductivity with an activation energy Ec ¼ 0.75 ± 0.02 eV.
Using Range Extension Cooperative Transmission in Energy Harvesting Wireless Sensor Networks
Jung, Jin-Woo,Ingram, Mary Ann The Korea Institute of Information and Commucation 2012 Journal of communications and networks Vol.14 No.2
In this paper, we study the advantages of using range extension cooperative transmission (CT) in multi-hop energy harvesting wireless sensor networks (EH-WSNs) from the network layer perspective. EH-WSNs rely on harvested energy, and therefore, if a required service is energy-intensive, the network may not be able to support the service successfully. We show that CT networks that utilize both range extension CT and non-CT routing can successfully support services that cannot be supported by non-CT networks. For a two-hop toy network, we show that range extension CT can provide better services than non-CT. Then, we provide a method of determining the supportable services that can be achieved by using optimal non-CT and CT routing protocols for EH-WSNs. Using our method and network simulations, we justify our claim that CT networks can provide better services than nonCT networks in EH-WSNs.
Kailas, Aravind,Thanayankizil, Lakshmi,Ingram, Mary Ann The Korea Institute of Information and Commucation 2008 Journal of communications and networks Vol.10 No.2
This paper analyzes a broadcasting technique for wireless multi-hop sensor networks that uses a form of cooperative diversity called opportunistic large arrays (OLAs). We propose a method for autonomous scheduling of the nodes, which limits the nodes that relay and saves as much as 32% of the transmit energy compared to other broadcast approaches, without requiring global positioning system (GPS), individual node addressing, or inter-node interaction. This energy-saving is a result of cross-layer interaction, in the sense that the medium access control (MAC) and routing functions are partially executed in the physical (PHY) layer. Our proposed method is called OLA with a transmission threshold (OLA-T), where a node compares its received power to a threshold to decide if it should forward. We also investigate OLA with variable threshold (OLA-VT), which optimizes the thresholds as a function of level. OLA-T and OLA-VT are compared with OLA broadcasting without a transmission threshold, each in their minimum energy configuration, using an analytical method under the orthogonal and continuum assumptions. The trade-off between the number of OLA levels (or hops) required to achieve successful network broadcast and transmission energy saved is investigated. The results based on the analytical assumptions are confirmed with Monte Carlo simulations.