Preparation of Thermo-Responsive and Injectable Hydrogels Based on Hyaluronic Acid and Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) and Their Drug Release Behaviors

Ha Dong In,Lee Sang Bong,Chong Moo Sang,Lee Young Moo,Kim So Yeon,Park Young Hoon The Polymer Society of Korea 2006 Macromolecular Research Vol.14 No.1

Copolymers composed of hyaluronic acid (HA) and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) were prepared to create temperature-sensitive injectable gels for use in controlled drug delivery applications. Semi-telechelic PNIPAAm, with amino groups at the end of each main chain, was synthesized by radical polymerization using 2-aminoethanethiol hydrochloride (AESH) as the chain transfer agent, and was then grafted onto the carboxyl groups of HA using carbodiimide chemistry. The result of the thermo-optical analysis revealed that the phase transition of the PNIPAAm-grafted HA solution occurred at around 30$\∼$33$^{circ}C$. As the graft yield of PNIPAAm onto the HA backbone increased, the HA-g-PNIPAAm copolymer solution exhibited sharper phase transition. The short chain PNIPAAm-grafted HA ($M_{w}$=6,100) showed a narrower temperature range for optical turbidity changes than the long chain PNIPAAm-grafted HA ($M_{w}$=13,100). PNIPAAm-grafted HA exhibited an increase in viscosity above 35$^{circ}C$, thus allowing the gels to maintain their shape for 24 h after in vivo administration. From the in vitro riboflavin release study, the HA-g-PNIPAAm gel showed a more sustained release behavior when the grafting yield of PNIPAAm onto the HA backbone was increased. In addition, BSA released from the PNIPAAm-g-HA gels showed a maximum concentration in the blood 12 h after being injected into the dorsal surface of a rabbit, followed by a sustained release profile after 60 h.

컴퓨터 법에 있어서의 책임에 관한 연구

鄭鎭世,鄭在晃,方碩皓,河泰勳,李成德,崔鳳哲 홍익대학교 1995 弘大論叢 Vol.27 No.-

This paper, coauthored by Chin-Se Chung, as well as other 5 faculty members at Hong-Ik University Department of Law (Jea-Hwang Jeong, Suk-Ho Bang, Tae-Hoon Ha, Seong-Deog Yi and Bong-Chul Choi), deals with liability issuses surrounding constitutional law, administrative law, civil law (contracts, torts), commercial law, criminal law, international law and philosophy & law. Professor of Law Jea-Hwang Jeong makes a comparative analysis of privacy protection and disclosure of information legal issues, appeared at current Korean law and draft of law in case of the latter one. He suggestes some desirable ways of legislation through revision process and operation of legal rules at his paper. Professor of Law Suk-Ho Bang makes a brief survey of civil liability issues arising out of contracts and torts in English and American law, first. He tries to show that many Parts of arguments in such legal world are attributed to Statute of Frauds tradition, unique to such legal world. New developments in the area of torts, including computer malpractice and computer virus, are shown and analysed in terms of application possibility under our current law. But, as even the Anglo-American courts are found very reluctant to accept those arguments as new grounds for torts liability, it seems more plausible and practicable to refer to contractual approach, basically, rather than to torts approach even under English American law. Professor of Law Chin-Se Chung suggests in his paper on EFT that the allocation of liability under EFT be made under the new and most relevant principle, working for useful transmission way of fund, not solely under traditional legal principles. If such new principle works with high return of risk to users, it makes imminent problems against the goats of consumer protection, and eventually will be hardly refered to. Conversely, if it requires too much sacrifice from the side of banks, then the convenience in such system will not be utilized. So, it may be natural that EFT be discarded even without proper functioning under market system. In conclusion, Professor Chung points out that, only when banks fond that the economy out of cost-saving at tasks outweighs the risk undertaken by the banks, the banks will operate the system. But, if this system makes more return of benefits to the banks with the burden of users, it is against the idea of equity. Consequently, the banks should bear the aggeviated risks in return for the cost saved under this system Professor of Law Tae-Hoon Ha focuses his research paper on criminal liability under EFT. He draws his conclusion out of current criminal statutes that illegal fund transfer under automatic teller machines, cash cards and information system can not be penalized due to lack of proper statutory provision. So, the criminal provision on computer crime, newly made on December of 1995, can be positively appreciated. But, he anticipates that the question whether such new provision will be successful in regulating all illegal activites at fund transfor system without any operation defects in criminal code, or will cause new problem in interpretation of criminal code remains unsolved. Professor of Law Seong-Deog Yi examines the international legal issues which may be given rise to by direct satellite broadcasting. In his paper, the issue of national jurisdiction in relation to direct satellite broadcasting is firstly dealt with. Secondly, the possible ways in which direct satellite broadcasting is regulated by international law are examined with special emphasis of two different approaches, that is, freedom of information approach and state sovereignty approach. In this context, many international conventions concerning direct satellite broadcasting in Particular, and international regulatory regime of outer space in general are broadly reviewed. Thirdly, the types of activities which may be a violation of international legal regime of direct satellite broadcasting are suggested and the possible lethal remedies for these violations are proposed with the traditional international state responsibility law in mind. Professor of Law Bong-Chul Choi explores the relations of computerized society to its laws throughout his paper as a kind of conclusion of this whole paper. Computerized society is one that the technical, scientific, informational knowledge prevails. With correspondence to the structural change in knowledge, the law of such a society has suffered transformation, and the knowledge and techniques distributing and computing legal responsibility has also changed. However, he does not insist that the diffusion of technical knowledge is the sole factor of the transformation of legal responsibility. It is only one of the various factors. Moreover, he does not deny the continuation between the classical techniques distributing legal responsibility and the contemporary ones. In this era, the law realizes fairness and community values at the expense of singularities. In addition, he proposes that legal scholars take the diagnosis of law from the perspective of the technology/knowledge shifts seriously.

대학생 의식조사 연구

河奉逵 釜山工業大學校 學生生活硏究所 1994 學生生活硏究 Vol.4 No.-

CIE1931 색도좌표에서 경계선과 S-형 변환곡선을 이용한 붉은색과 푸른색의 개선을 위한 색상변환 장치의 설계

하주영,강봉순 東亞大學校附設 情報技術硏究所 2004 情報技術硏究所論文誌 Vol.12 No.1

In this paper, we propose the color conversion system on the CIE1931 diagram by using boundary lines and S-shaped conversion curve. The proposed system prevents specific colors, such as human skins, from changing by using boundary lines; the boundary lines divide RGB gamut into conversion area and non-conversion area. The colorsin the conversion area get the converted value by S-shaped conversion curve which applies to different conversion rate according to gap between input color position and boundary lines or RGB gamut outlines on the CIE1931 diagram. The S-shaped conversion curve is used to keep away the converted color from getting out of RGB gamut to avoid color saturation. The changeable colors move along the quadratic curve that is similar to the white point line (known as Planckian locus) for using the principleof color temperature. The proposed system converts the scene into more bluish and reddish by moving the colors toward left and right along by the quadratic curve. This proposed system is experimentally demonstrated with Xilinx Virtex FPGA XCV2000E-6BG560 and the TV set.

21세기 국가정보체계(NIS)에 관한 비교 연구 : 국가정보의 새로운 개념과 전략정보구상(SII)

河奉逵 국제지역학회 1998 국제지역연구 Vol.2 No.2

지방광고주의 광고회사 선정 및 평가에 관한 실증 연구

하봉준,이상훈 한국방송광고공사 2004 광고연구 Vol.0 No.63

낙후된 지방 광고산업의 발전을 위해서는 구조적 요인의 해결과 함께, 광고산업 주체의 자구노력이 병행되어야 한다. 특히 지방광고회사의 발전을 위해서는 지방광고주의 지방광고회사에 대한 인식 및 만족도 제고가 선결과제라고 할 수 있다. 본 연구는 이러한 문제의식하에서 지방광고주가 광고회사를 선정하는 기준은 무엇인지, 그리고 지방광고회사를 어떻게 평가하고, 개선점은 무엇이라고 생각하는지 실증적으로 알아보고자 하였다. 부산/울산/경남 지역의 광고주 및 광고회사 종사자를 대상으로 설문조사를 실시한 결과, 지방광고주는 광고회사 선택시 거래요인을 중요하게 고려하고, 거래요인 및 비용측면에서 지방광고회사를 높이 평가했다. 그러나 지방광고회사는 광고기획/전략, 마케팅, 리서치, 광고회사의 규모/크기 등 업무 측면이나 외형적 특성에서 낮게 평가되었고, 향후 업무요인에 대한 개선이 요구되는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 연구결과를 고려할 때, 지방광고회사는 우선적으로 광고기획/전략, 마케팅, IMC, 리서치, 크리에이티브 등 광고 업무와 관련된 서비스의 질을 높이는 데 노력해야 하며, 동시에 기존의 강점 중에서 장기적인 경쟁적 우위가 될 수 있는 지역특성에 대한 이해, 광고주 요구에 대한 정확하고 신속한 반응 등에 대한 강화가 요구된다. The purpose of this study is to make empirical investigation into advertising agency selection and evaluation of the local client for the local agency’s developing plan. The following research questions were formulated for this study. 1. What are mainly considered factors when the local client selects a agency? 2. How is the local agency evaluated in comparison with the agency that is located in Seoul? 3. What should be improved for the development of the local agency? To get the proper answers, a total of 172 persons who have been employed in local agencies and clients located in Busan, Ulsan and Gyeongnam-do are surveyed for this study. T-test, factor analysis and regression analysis were chosen as the appropriate statistical techniques. The main results are: 1. The local client considers transaction and cost more importantly when they selects a agency. 2. The local client estimates that local agency is better than the agency in Seoul about transaction and cost. 3. The local client wants the local agency to improve its own abilities - advertising planning, marketing consulting, IMC, research and creative power.

CIE1931 색도좌표에서 경계선과 S-모양의 변환 곡선을 이용한 화질개선을 위한 색상변환 시스템의 설계

하주영,김주현,강봉순 東亞大學校附設情報技術硏究所 2005 情報技術硏究所論文誌 Vol.12 No.2

In this paper, we propose the color conversion system on the CIE1931 chromaticity-coordinate diagram by using boundary lines and S-shaped curves to emphasize blue and red colors. The proposed system prevents specific colors, such as human skins, from changing by using boundary lines that divide non-conversion areas from conversion areas. The colors in the conversion areas vary along quadratic curves with S-shaped conversion curves based on conversion ratios. The loci of the quadratic curves are very similar to the arc of the white-point line, known as the Planckian locus. The S-shaped curves are selected to change the bluish (or reddish) color to more bluish (or more reddish), while the areas around white color are not changing. The proposed system changes the colors into more bluish and reddish by moving positions of the colors toward left or right on the curves. The proposed system is also experimentally demonstrated with Xilinx Virtex FPGA XCV2000E-6BG560 and the TV set.

에러가 없는 제곱근기와 대역제한필터를 사용한 SECAM Video Decoder를 위한 색상 및 밝기 신호의 복원장치

하주영,김주현,강봉순 東亞大學校附設情報技術硏究所 2005 情報技術硏究所論文誌 Vol.12 No.2

In this paper, we propose the SECAM video decoder system using error-free square root and band pass filter (BPF). SECAM uses frequency modulation (FM) to transmit the Db and Dr color difference information, with each component having its own subcarrier, so input signal of decoder, CVBS, has various frequencies whose bandwidth is 6.0 MHz. The proposed SECAM decoder uses two differentiators, trigonometric functions and as error-free square root to demodulate color information in chrominance processing. The BPF in decoder is used for removing color noise in chrominance and dividing CVBS into chrominance and luminance. The proposed system is experimentally demonstrated with Altera FPGA APEX20K1000EBC652-3 and TV-card available for SCEAM.

대학선택의 기준 및 영향요인에 관한 연구

하봉준 영산대학교 2000 영산논총 Vol.6 No.-

According as the number of candidates for university is gradually decreasing, there are ongoing necessities for the effective university marketing based on university choosing Behavior. The purpose of this study is to identify the choice criteria of university and influencing factors. The results of surveying 540 freshmen at Youngsan university are as follows. First, the chief criteria in choosing university is achievements, major, distance, university image, and so on. Second, the decision of choosing university is made mainly by students themselves. Finally, the effective information sources of university are magazines for university entrance, PR materials of university, highschool teachers, and so on.

Benzo(a)pyrene 독성에 의한 사람 림프아 세포(NC-37)에서 c-myc 유전자의 발현

하봉준,정인철,곽충근,조무연 고신대학교 의학부 1996 高神大學校 醫學部 論文集 Vol.11 No.1-2

To investigate expression in c-myc gene by a chemical carcinogen benzo(a)pyrene(BP), human lymphoblast NC-37 cells were exposed to various concentrations of BP and the c-myc gene expression was evaluated by northern and slot blot hybridization methods. When NC-37 cells exposed to BP of 0-4㎍/ml were treated with HindⅡ/XbaⅠ restriction enzyme, the c-myc genes were cut at the same region regardless of BP concentration. The site of cleavage by the restriction enzyme, HindⅡ/XbaⅠ was identical in the control, BP-treated and BP-washed cells. However, the m-RNA expression in slot blot hybridization appeared to be 4-5 times higher in BP-treated cells than in the control, and this effect was partially removed by washing the BP. When the DNA isolated from NC-37 cells exposed to various concentrations(0, 2, 4㎍/ml) of BP were amplified by polymerase chain reaction using a primer containing c-myc exon Ⅰ, the resulting DNA were of the same size in all groups. These results suggest that overexpression of c-myc oncogene may be required for the malignant transformation and maintenance in benzo(a)pyrene poisoned human lymphoblast NC-37 cells.