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Tumor-Associated Macrophages as Potential Prognostic Biomarkers of Invasive Breast Cancer
Jeong, Hasong,Hwang, Ilseon,Kang, Sun Hee,Shin, Hyeong Chan,Kwon, Sun Young 한국유방암학회 2019 Journal of breast cancer Vol.22 No.-
<P><B>Purpose</B></P><P>Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are activated macrophages associated with tumor progression in various cancers. TAMs can polarize M1 or M2 type. M1 has a pro-inflammatory function and kills pathogens. Conversely, M2 shows immunosuppressive action and promotes tumor growth. There are various markers of TAMs. CD11c is considered as a specific marker of M1. CD163 is an optimal marker for M2. CD68 is known as a pan-macrophage marker. We evaluated the relationship between the clinicopathological parameters and immunohistochemical expressions of CD11c, CD163, and CD68 in invasive breast cancer (IBC), and the prognostic value of macrophage localization within the tumor stroma (TS) and tumor nest (TN).</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>Immunohistochemistry of CD68, CD11c, and CD163 was analyzed on tissue microarrays of 367 IBCs. The number of CD68+, CD11c+, or CD163+ macrophages in TN vs. TS was counted by 2 pathologists. The correlations between the degree of macrophage (CD68+, CD11c+, or CD163+) infiltration and the clinicopathological parameters were analyzed. We also assessed the impact of macrophages (CD68+, CD11c+, or CD163+) on disease free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS).</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>High numbers of macrophages (CD68+, CD11c+, or CD163+) were associated with higher histologic grade, higher Ki-67 proliferating index, estrogen receptor negativity, and progesterone receptor negativity. High numbers of macrophages (CD11c+ or CD163+) in TS were associated with a larger tumor size. Furthermore, CD163+ macrophages in TN were an independent prognostic marker of reduced OS and DFS. Conversely, CD11c+ macrophages in TS were an independent prognostic marker for higher OS and DFS.</P><P><B>Conclusion</B></P><P>TAMs, including M2 type, are associated with tumor progression in IBC. They can also act as a significant unfavorable or favorable prognostic factor. In addition to simply analyzing the degree of TAM infiltration, it is also important to analyze the location of TAMs.</P>
School Counselors’ Recognition of the Ultra-High Risk for Psychosis
JuYeon Lee,YoungChul Chung,JaeMin Kim,IlSeon Shin,JinSang Yoon,SungWan Kim 대한신경정신의학회 2018 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.15 No.3
The ability to identify students at ultra-high risk (UHR) for psychosis in school settings is crucial for enabling appropriate referral to a clinician and positive therapeutic results. The aim of this study was to examine school counselors’ recognition of the diagnosis and appropriate treatment recommendations for students at UHR for psychosis. In total, 132 school counselors completed surveys, including questions relating to a vignette about a student at UHR for psychosis. In total, 12.4% of the sample provided the correct diagnosis, much lower than that for other schizophrenia spectrum disorders and non-psychotic disorders, including depressive disorder. Although most school counselors preferred psychiatrists as the first-line treatment for students at UHR for psychosis, counseling centers were also mentioned as potential treatment options. In terms of medication, antipsychotics were preferred over other medication classes. It is necessary to design appropriate educational and training programs for school counselors to promote identification and effective referral of those at UHR for psychosis.
HeeJu Kang,KyungYeol Bae,SungWan Kim,HeeYoung Shin,IlSeon Shin,JinSang Yoon,JaeMin Kim 대한신경정신의학회 2017 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.14 No.3
Objective-This study aimed to investigate the longitudinal effects of anxiety, depression, and their comorbidity on physical disorders and disability in an elderly Korean population. Methods-In total, 1,204 community-dwelling elders were evaluated at baseline, and of these 909 (75%) were re-assessed two years later. Anxiety and depression were identified at baseline using questions from the community version of the Geriatric Mental State diagnostic schedule (GMS-B3). Participants were assessed for functional disability and for 11 physical disorders both at baseline and at follow-up. Results-Anxiety alone was associated with the incidence of heart disease, depression alone with the incidence of asthma, and comorbid anxiety and depression with incidence of eyesight problem, persistent cough, asthma, hypertension, heart disease, and gastrointestinal problems. Comorbid anxiety and depression were associated with an increase in the number of physical disorders and the degree of disability during the two-year follow-up, compared to anxiety or depression alone or the absence of anxiety or depression. Conclusion-Anxiety, depression, and particularly their comorbidity should be assessed in the elderly population considering their longitudinal effects on physical disorders and disability. Future study is required to determine whether interventions aimed at these disorders can mitigate their impacts.
Kim, Woo-Jin,Jung, Hyungtaek,Shin, Eun-Ha,Baek, Ilseon The Malacological Society of Korea 2014 The Korean Journal of Malacology Vol.30 No.3
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are widely acknowledged as the marker of choice for many genetic and genomic applications because they show co-dominant inheritance, are highly abundant across genomes and are suitable for high-throughput genotyping. Here we evaluated the applicability of SNP markers developed from Crassostrea gigas and C. virginica expressed sequence tags (ESTs) in closely related Crassostrea and Ostrea species. A total of 213 putative interspecific level SNPs were identified from re-sequencing data in six amplicons, yielding on average of one interspecific level SNP per seven bp. High polymorphism levels were observed and the high success rate of transferability show that genic EST-derived SNP markers provide an efficient method for rapid marker development and SNP discovery in closely related oyster species. The six EST-SNP markers identified here will provide useful molecular tools for addressing questions in molecular ecology and evolution studies including for stock analysis (pedigree monitoring) in related oyster taxa.
HeeJu Kang,KyungYeol Bae,SungWan Kim,IlSeon Shin,YoungJoon Hong,Youngkeun Ahn,MyungHo Jeong,SungWoo Park,YoungHoon Kim,JinSang Yoon,JaeMin Kim 대한신경정신의학회 2016 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.13 No.1
Genes related to serotonin are associated with responses to treatment for depression. We examined associations between the serotonin transporter (5-HTT) and serotonin 2a receptor (5-HTR2a) genes and responses to treatment for depressive disorders in acute coronary syndrome (ACS). A total of 255 patients who met the DSM-IV major or minor depressive disorder and recently developed ACS were randomly assigned to the escitalopram (n=127) or placebo (n=128) group in this 24-week double-blind trial (ClinicalTrial.gov identifier: NCT00419471). Remission was defined as a Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD) score ≤7. Assays were performed for the 5-HTTLPR, STin2 VNTR, 5-HTR2a 102T/C, and 5-HTR2a 1438A/G genotypes. Escitalopram was superior to placebo for treating depressive disorder with ACS but there were no significant associations between serotonergic genes and treatment responses even when considering ACS severity. The effect of escitalopram was independent of 5-HTT and 5-HTR2a polymorphisms.
JuWan Kim,KyungYeol Bae,SungWan Kim,HeeJu Kang,IlSeon Shin,JinSang Yoon,JaeMin Kim 대한신경정신의학회 2016 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.13 No.5
Major depressive disorder is often resistant to antidepressant treatment. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been used in treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Known adverse events of rTMS include transient headache, local pain, syncope, seizure induction, and hypomania induction. This report outlines a patient with TRD who unexpectedly improved following a seizure during the course of rTMS, which has never been reported.
JaeMin Kim,KyungYeol Bae,HeeJu Kang,SungWan Kim,IlSeon Shin,YoungJoon Hong,JuHan Kim,HeeYoung Shin,YoungKeun Ahn,JongKeun Kim,MyungHo Jeong,JinSang Yoon 대한신경정신의학회 2014 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.11 No.1
Depression is common after acute coronary syndrome (ACS), adversely affecting cardiac course and prognosis. There have been only a few evidence-based treatment options for depression in ACS. Accordingly, we planned the Korean Depression in ACS (K-DEPACS) study, which investigated depressive disorders in patients with ACS using a naturalistic prospective design, and the Escitalopram for DEPACS (EsDEPACS) trial, which assessed the efficacy and safety of escitalopram for treating major or minor depression in patients with ACS. Participants in the K-DEPACS study were consecutively recruited from patients with ACS who were recently hospitalized at Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea. Diagnoses were confirmed by coronary angiography from 2005. Data on depressive and cardiovascular characteristics were obtained at 2 weeks, 3 months, 12 months, and every 6 months thereafter following the index ACS admission. The K-DEPACS participants who met the DSM-IV criteria for major or minor depressive disorder were randomly assigned to groups in the 24-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled EsDEPACS trial beginning in 2007. The outcome of treatments for depressive and other psychiatric symptoms, issues related to safety, including general adversity, and cardiovascular factors were assessed. The K-DEPACS study can significantly contribute to research on the complex relationships between depression and ACS. The results of the EsDEPACS trial provide an additional treatment option for clinicians treating these patients.
A Longitudinal Study of BDNF Promoter Methylation and Depression in Breast Cancer
HeeJu Kang,JaeMin Kim,SeonYoung Kim,SungWan Kim,IlSeon Shin,HyeRan Kim,MinHo Park,MyungGeun Shin,JungHan Yoon,JinSang Yoon 대한신경정신의학회 2015 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.12 No.4
Objective-Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is investigated in depression related to medical disorders and its secretion is influenced by epigenetic factors. We investigated the association between BDNF promoter methylation and depression following mastectomy for breast cancer. Methods-In total, 309 patients with breast cancer were evaluated 1 week after mastectomy, and 244 (79%) were followed up 1 year later. Depression was diagnosed (major or minor depressive disorder) according to DSM-IV criteria and depression severity was estimated by Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). We assessed BDNF promoter methylation using leukocyte DNA. The effects of BDNF methylation on depression diagnosis and severity were investigated using multivariate logistic and linear regression models, respectively. The two-way interaction between BDNF methylation and the val66met polymorphism on depression was also evaluated using multivariate logistic regression models. Results-Higher BDNF methylation was independently associated with depression diagnosis and with more severe symptoms at both 1 week and 1 year after mastectomy. No significant methylation-genotype interactions were found. Conclusion-A role for BDNF in depression related to breast cancer was supported. Indeed, the association between depression and BDNF methylation may be useful for identifying patients who are at high risk for depression and for suggesting directions for promising drug research.
JuYeon Lee,SungWan Kim,HeeJu Kang,SeonYoung Kim,KyungYeol Bae,JaeMin Kim,IlSeon Shin,JinSang Yoon 대한신경정신의학회 2017 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.14 No.6
We investigated the association between problematic internet use (PIU) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in children and adolescents in South Korea. A cross-sectional survey was administered to community students who attended primary, secondary, and high schools in the Jindo area 1–2.5 months after the Sewol ferry disaster. Of the 1,744 respondents, 392 students who were exposed to the disaster, witnessing the rescue work directly, were evaluated. PTSD symptoms were measured using the University of California Los Angeles Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Reaction Index (UCLA PTSD-RI). The severity of impairment caused by excessive internet use was evaluated using Young’s Internet Addiction Test. The Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and State Anxiety Inventory for Children (SAIC) were also used. Logistic regression analysis revealed that PIU was significantly and independently associated with a high level of PTSD symptoms. Our findings suggest that children and adolescents with PIU require intensive follow-up and special care to prevent the development of PTSD symptoms following a disaster.