Observation of behavior of the Ahlat Gravestones (TURKEY) at seismic risk and their recognition by QR code

Ercan Işık,Barış Antep,Aydın Büyüksaraç,Mehmet Fatih Işık 국제구조공학회 2019 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.72 No.5

Protection of cultural heritage and carrying it to the future are at the top of the significant topics of research and implementation in engineering in the 21st century. There are several historical structures in the district of Ahlat located in the east of Turkey on the Lake Van Basin that has harbored many civilizations. Some of such works are the gravestones that are found in the Ahlat Seljuk Cemetery, which is the oldest and largest cemetery in the district. This study firstly provides information about the Ahlat Seljuk Cemetery and the gravestones found in it. Observation-based structural analyses were carried out on these gravestones that are found in this area that are known to have belonged to different civilizations based on their physical and constructional characteristics. These stones were built out of Ahlat stone as single pieces. Information is provided on the damages that have occurred on the gravestones in time and their causes. In general, losses of mass, abrasions, separations, collapses and calcifications due to natural conditions, as well as vegetative formations, were observed in the gravestones. To provide an example of other gravestones within the context of the study, the gravestone that is known to belong to the person named Nureddin Ebu Hasan was selected. As a result of the modeling that was carried out for this gravestone by using the finite elements method, modal analyses were carried out. With these analyses, for the gravestone, period, effective mass participation rates and stress values were calculated. The stress values that were obtained in this study were compared to the material safety stress values that were obtained in previous studies. Additionally, QR code application was created for the gravestone that was selected as an example in the study, and information on this gravestone was transferred to an electronic environment. The QR code application includes different language options, visuals of the gravestone and information on the gravestone. The QR application was also supported with a video of the cemetery where the gravestone is located. With this application, access to information about gravestones will be possible by using tablets and smartphones. With a QR code to be created for each gravestone, these gravestones will obtain identity cards.

Factors Affecting the Organisational Citizenship Behaviour of English Language Teachers

Işık Ali 한국영어교육학회 2021 ENGLISH TEACHING(영어교육) Vol.76 No.1

This study attempted to investigate the factors affecting the organiz ational citizenship behavior (OCB) of English teachers in Turkish state high schools within the framework of job sa tisfaction, emotional commitment, and demographic factors. The data, which were collected through a questionnaire given to 269 English teache rs, were analyzed through descriptive statistics and hierarchical regression. The findings indicated that the Engli sh teachers’ job satisfaction, emotional commitment, and OCB levels were above average. Moreover, job satisfaction and emotional commitment p redicted OCB. No significant relationship was observed between demographic factors and OCB. The results showed a po sitive correlation between demographic factors and job satisfaction, and between demographic factors and emotional commitment. The findings s uggest that OCB can play a pivotal role to increase the performance of English teachers, consequently leading to be tter language education. The study suggests that the non methodological factors in English language teachers’ behaviors and performance need to be studied to increase their performance.

The Relationship between Second-to-Fourth Digit Ratios, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms, Aggression, and Intelligence Levels in Boys with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Işık Ümit,Kılıç Faruk,Aktepe Evrim,Tanrıtanır Bilal 대한신경정신의학회 2020 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.17 No.6

Objective Observations of sex differences have led some scientists to doubt whether the neuroendocrine system is involved in attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) etiology. One of the interesting study subjects in this context is prenatal steroid hormone exposure. The aim of the present study was to replicate and extend previous work by addressing two research questions: 1) Are second-tofourth digit (2D:4D) ratios lower in ADHD than in controls? 2) Is there a correlation between 2D:4D ratios and symptoms of ADHD, aggression and intelligence scores in boys with ADHD?Methods The study included 100 treatment-naive male children diagnosed with ADHD and 55 healthy male children. We measured the ratios of 2D:4D and administered a Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised to assess IQ scores, as well as behavioral rating scales, in children with ADHD and comparison individuals.Results We observed lower 2D:4D ratios in the right hand in ADHD in comparison to the control group. The left-hand ratios of 2D:4D, however, did not differ between ADHD and control groups. There were negative correlations between the left-hand 2D:4D ratios and the hyperactivity scores. However, no significant correlation was detected between right-hand 2D:4D ratios and the psychological questionnaire scores.Conclusion These results provide further evidence that fetal androgen exposure may contribute to the pathophysiology of ADHD, at least in boys.

Performance Based Assessment of Steel Frame Structures by Different Material Models

Ercan Işık,Mesut Özdemir 한국강구조학회 2017 International Journal of Steel Structures Vol.17 No.3

Acceptable limit conditions for materials used in structures are one of the influential factors for design and evaluation of buildings. These limits are described using different material models. Material models can be generally defined by the stressstrain relationship. Stress-strain relationship varies based on the material. Mathematical models are used for describing the stress-strain relationship for any material. The material model takes a very important role in the seismic analysis of structures. The aim of this study is investigate of effects of steel models on structural performance of steel frame buildings. For this aim, pushover curves were obtained for three different steel models. It was determined that the pushover curves obtained according to three various steel models used in the study were consonant with each other.

The effect of different earthquake ground motion levels on the performance of steel structures in settlements with different seismic hazards

Ercan Işık,İbrahim Baran Karaşin,Abdulhalim Karaşin 국제구조공학회 2022 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.84 No.1

The updated Turkish Building Earthquake Code has been significantly renovated and expanded compared to previous seismic design codes. The use of earthquake ground motion levels with different probabilities of exceedance is one of the major advances in structural mechanics with the current code. This study aims to investigate the earthquake performance of steel structure in settlements with different seismic hazards for various earthquake ground motion levels. It is focused on earthquake and structural parameters for four different ground motion levels with different probabilities of exceedance calculated according to the location of the structure by the updated Turkish Hazard Map. For this purpose, each of the seven different geographical regions of Turkey which has the same seismic zone in the previous earthquake hazard map has been considered. Earthquake parameters, horizontal design elastic spectra obtained and comparisons were made for all different ground motion levels for the seven different locations, respectively. Structural analyzes for a sample steel structure were carried out using pushover analysis by using the obtained design spectra. It has been determined that the different ground motion levels significantly affect the expected target displacements of the structure for performance criteria. It is noted that the different locations of the same earthquake zone in the previous code with the same earthquake-building parameters show significant variations due to the micro zoning properties of the updated seismic design code. In addition, the main innovations of the updated code were discussed.

Performance Analysis of Steel Structures with A3 Irregularities

Ercan Işık,Mesut Özdemir,İbrahim Baran Karaşin 한국강구조학회 2018 International Journal of Steel Structures Vol.18 No.3

Determination of the behaviour of structures during earthquakes is a very important engineering concern. Irregularities in the structure may lead to more damage imposed on it by weakening its defence mechanism during an earthquake. Some of these irregularities may be indentations or protrusions in the plan. Such irregular buildings may be encountered in practice because of various reasons. This study examined the state of irregularity by the A3 plan in the Turkish Building Earthquake Regulation of 2016. Four diff erent A3-type irregularity cases were considered. The building with no irregularities in its plan was taken as the reference building. The fi ve steel structures were compared by obtaining pushover curves for both the X and Y directions. Additionally, as a rapid assessment method, the Canada Seismic Screening Method was used in the study. Both in the rapid assessment method and from the pushover curves, it was determined that buildings without irregularities are safer. The study also allows a comparison among the earthquake performances of the structures using the rapid assessment method. It may be stated that there was an agreement between the two methods. This shows that the rapid assessment method may be used for steel structures. The importance of constructing structures that do not include irregularities is emphasized with the study. If one has to construct such structures, the defence mechanism of the structure should be strengthened by taking various measures.

Effects of Systemic and Local Interferon Beta-1a on Epidural Fibrosis

Mevlüt Özgür Taşkapılıoğlu,Semra Işık,Şeref Doğan,Gonca Özgün,Gökhan Ocakoğlu,Nesrin Uğraş 대한척추외과학회 2016 Asian Spine Journal Vol.10 No.3

Study Design: Level 1 randomized controlled study. Purpose: To investigate the effects of systemic and local interferon-beta-1a (IFN-β-1a) on prevention of epidural fibrosis using histopathological parameters. Overview of Literature: Epidural fibrosis involves fibroblastic invasion of nerve roots into the epidural space. Formation of dense fibrous tissue causes lumbar and radicular pain. Many surgical techniques and several materials have been proposed in the literature, but no study has assessed the effect of IFN-β-1a on prevention of epidural fibrosis. Methods: Forty-eight adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into six groups of eight: sham group, control group, systemic 44 μg IFN-β-1a group and 22 μg IFN-β-1a group (after laminectomy and discectomy, 0.28 mL and 0.14 mL IFN-β-1a applied subcutaneously three times for a week, respectively), local 44 μg IFN-β-1a group (laminectomy and discectomy, followed by 0.28 mL IFN-β-1a on the surgical area), and local 22 μg IFN-β-1a group (laminectomy and discectomy, followed by 0.14 mL IFN-β-1a on the surgical area). All rats were sacrificed after 4 weeks and groups were evaluated histopathologically. Results: Compared with sham and control groups, significantly less epidural fibrosis, dural adhesion, and fibroblast cell density were observed in the local and systemic 44 μg IFN-β-1a groups. No other differences were evident between the local and systemic groups. Conclusions: IFN-β-1a is effective in preventing epidural fibrosis with systemic and local application.

Alternative Instrumentation Schemes for the Structural Identification of the Reinforced Concrete Field Test Structure by Ambient Vibration Measurements

Mustafa Kutanis,Elif Orak Boru,Ercan Işık 대한토목학회 2017 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.21 No.5

The outcomes of the ambient vibration measurements carried out to evaluate the dynamic characteristics of the reinforced concrete field test structure were presented. The test building was designed according to Turkish Seismic Code and constructed for this research study at the field laboratory in Sakarya University. The first aim is to conduct ambient vibration tests on a full-scale field test structure to measure its modal properties for the cross-validation of a finite element model of the test structure. The second aim is to optimize the instrumentation schemes from cost and quality of data point of view. Six tri-axial accelerometers were situated in different configurations on the test structure. For every configuration ambient vibrations were recorded to measure the dynamic characteristics of the test structure. For the system identification with ambient vibration signals Enhanced Frequency Domain Decomposition (EFDD) method was used. A satisfactory match between theoretical and experimental modal parameters was deduced for certain instrumentation scheme.

A comparative study on the seismic provisions of different codes for RC buildings

Huseyin Bilgin,Marijana Hadzima-Nyarko,Ercan Işık,Hayri Baytan Ozmen,Ehsan Harirchian 국제구조공학회 2022 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.83 No.2

Significant structural damages due to earthquakes reveal the importance of seismic design provisions. This paper presents a comparison between the seismic design provisions of Albania, Croatia, Iran, and Turkey for the design of mid-rise reinforced-concrete (RC) frames. Information on the historical development of the considered provisions are given. The code provisions are compared, illustrating the main differences in the minimum requirements for column and beam detailing and analysis for mid-rise RC frames. 4-story, 5-story, and 6-story buildings are designed according to each design code, and their performance is evaluated comparatively by using a displacement-based adaptive pushover procedure and eigenvalue analysis. It is observed that recent Turkish code has the highest and Albanian code has the lowest level of requirements in terms of member size and reinforcement detailing. The considered models indicate 15%, 20% and 50%, lower period values than the Croatia, Iran and Albania buildings, respectively. Additionally, building models per Croatia, Iran and Albania codes have 30%, 35% and 65% less base shear capacity when compared to Turkish building codes. Building models per Croatia and Iran codes indicate similar properties both in terms of strength and stiffness.

Experimental and Computational Approaches to the Molecular Structure of 3-(2-Mercaptopyridine)phthalonitrile

Hasan Tanak,Yavuz Köysal,Şamil Işık,Hanifi Yaman,Vefa Ahsen 대한화학회 2011 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.32 No.2

The compound 3-(2-Mercaptopyridine)phthalonitrile has been synthesized and characterized by IR, UV-vis, and X-ray single-crystal determination. The molecular geometry from X-ray determination of the title compound in the ground state has been compared using the Hartree-Fock (HF) and density functional theory (DFT) with the 6-31G(d) basis set. The calculated results show that the DFT and HF can well reproduce the structure of the title compound. The energetic behavior of the title compound in solvent media was examined using the B3LYP method with the 6-31G(d) basis set by applying the Onsager and polarizable continuum model. Using the TD-DFT and TD-HF methods, electronic absorption spectra of the title compound have been predicted and good agreement with the TD-DFT method and the experimental determination was found. The predicted nonlinear optical properties of the title compound are much greater than those of urea. Besides, molecular electrostatic potential of the title compound were investigated by theoretical calculations. The thermodynamic properties of the compound at different temperatures have been calculated and corres ponding relations between the properties and temperature have also been obtained.