일부 의료서비스업 VDT작업자의 상지 근골격계 증상의 정도와 관련된 요인

김형렬,원종욱,송재석,김현수,김치년,노재훈 大韓産業醫學會 2003 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.15 No.2

목적: 본 연구는 상지 근골격계 질환의 유병율이 높은 집단으로 알려진 VDT작업자를 대상으로 이들의 근골격계 통증을 정량화하고, 정량화된 통증점수를 종속변수로 하여, 이와 관련성을 갖는 작업요인, 사회심리적 요인을 파악하고자 하였다. 방법: 서울지역에 위치한 1500병상 규모의 대학병원에 근무하고 단말기 작업을 주로 수행한다고 알려진 부서에 대해 병원내 안전관리과와 협의를 거쳐 163명을 연구대상으로 선정하였다. 이중 138명이 설문에 참가하였고, 이들을 최종 연구대상으로 하였다. 설문지를 가지고 연구변수를 측정하여, 나이, 근무연수, 가사노동의 정도 등의 인구학적 변수와 직무스트레스 및 사회적지지, 근골격계 증상, 통증의 양상 등을 조사하였다. 분석방법은 일반적 특성 및 작업특성, 통증의 양상을 성별에 따라 파악하였고, 통증점수의 타당성을 검정하기 위해, 통증점수의 구성요소와 통증점수를 시각적 상사척도와 상관성 검정을 시행하였다. 통증점수를 종속변수로 하고 직무요구도, 직무재량도, 동료의지지, 상사의지지, 여러작업환경특성, 인구학적 특징 등을 독립변수로 하여 다중회귀분석을 시행하였다. 결과: 첫째 통증의 정량화를 위해 사용한 통증평정지수는 시각적 상사척도와의 상관관계가 높은 것으로 나타나, 어느 정도의 타당성을 지닌 방법으로 해석할 수 있었다. 둘째, 이 통증 점수를 종속변수로 하여, 관련요인 분석한 다중회귀분석에서 직무요구도가 높을수록 통증의 정도가 높고(p<0.01), 여성일수록 남성에 비해 높은 통증점수를 보였다(p<0.01). 결론: 근골격계 질환의 높은 유병율을 보이는 집단의 경우, 이들의 증상 유무만을 가지고 관련요인을 분석하는 방법을 사용하기 어렵다. 따라서 이런 경우, 통증을 정량화하여, 다양한 관련요인을 찾으려는 노력이 필요하며, 본 연구에서 사용한 통증평정지수는 타당성을 지닌 정량화 방법이라고 여겨진다. 또한 본 연구에서는 직무요구도가 높을수록, 여성일수록 높은 통증점수를 보였다. Objectives: This study was designed to quantify symptoms in the upper extremities and to identify the pain related factors among hospital workers using video display terminals. Methods: The subject-group consisted of 138 employees working at a hospital using video display terminals. A structured questionnaire was used to estimate the participants' general characteristics, and job contents. Job stress was measured using Karaseks JCQ(Job Content Questionnaire). Pain in the upper extremities was identified according to the NIOSH symptoms survey criteria. Quantification was measured using Kim Chul's method. Pearson's Correlation analysis was used to identify validity in quantification. VAS(visual analog scale) was used to compare with this method. Multiple regression analyses elucidated the relationship between quantified pain and various work factors, such as job stress. Data were analysed with SAS 6.12 program. Results: First, in quantification using Kim Chul's method, the correlation between modified PRS(pain rating score) and VAS was extremely high by 0.60(P<0.01), indicating the high validity of PRS. Second, the groups of high job demand, high job control, and females were related to an increased pain level. Conclusions: These results suggest that the self pain assessment method, PRS, is valuable and useful in analyzing occupational musculoskeletal symptoms. High demand, job control and gender may influence the levels of pain. Prospective studies about musculoskeletal disorder are required.

클럽 샤프트(Club Shaft) 특성에 따른 골프 스윙(Golf Swing)동작 분석

김성일,김기형,김형수,이현섭,김진욱,안찬규,김희진 한국운동역학회 2002 한국운동역학회지 Vol.12 No.2

본 연구는 클럽 샤프트의 대표적인 재질인 그라파이트(graphite)의 유연한(flexible) 클럽 샤프트(club shaft)의 특성에 따라 피험자가 운동학적(kinematics) 요인이 되는 관절의 각변위, 각속도, 각가속도, 클럽헤드의 속도와 가속도와 같은 변인들이 어떻게 적응하는지 비교 분석하여 보다 효율적인 드라이버 선택에 도움을 주며 샤프트 특성에 따른 신체관절의 움직임에 대한 자료를 제시하고자 하였다. 고속 카메라 2대의 속도는 500fps로 하였고 각 regylar,stiff, x-stiff, 자신의 클럽을 포함 각 4개의 클럽을 사용하여 각 클럽당 3번씩 촬영하였으며 목표방향에서 20m이상 벗어나는 경우의 촬영은 다시 촬영하였다. 본 연구에서는 디지타이징(digitizing)을 신체 9개 마커는 강체로 가정된 클럽과 신체분절 모델로 정의하였으며 2 대의 카메라(500fps)로부터 얻은 avi화일을 컴퓨터에 저장하고 자료로부터 Butterworth 6th order recursive digital filter를 사용하여 1차 자료를 smoothing 하고 DLT를 이용하여 3차원 좌표를 구성하도록 한다. 좌표값을 얻기 위하여 kwon3d v3.0을 이용하였다. 본 실험은 피험자 스스로 클럽의 특성에 따라 스윙의 속도를 달리 하기 때문에 스윙의 시간이 달라지며 어느 정도 클럽이 강성에 따라 스윙시간이 빨라지는 결과로 나타났다. 이것은 피험자가 샤프트가 강성(stiffness)에 따라 스윙 속도를 빨리 하게 되는 원인이 되는 것으로 생각된다. 어깨의 각변위는 클럽이 regular의 경우 임팩트에서 각속도를 계속 유지하고 있으며 stiff, x-stiff의 경우에는 어깨의 움직임이 임팩트에서 급격하게 감소되는 것을 알 수 있다. 이것은 팔의 동작과 클럽의 힘을 크게 하기 위한 동작으로 생각된다. 어깨 각속도는 클럽이 stiff할수록 각속도가 큰 감속하는 것으로 나타났다. 손목속도는 regular 클럽의 경우 손목의 감속이 늦게 되고 임팩트에서 손목의 감속이 적게 하는 것으로 나타났으며 stiff와 x-stiff의 클럽에서 임팩트 시에 순간적인 감가속으로 인해 클럽의 속도를 증가시키고 있다. 임팩트 시에 손목의 감가속은 클럽헤드의 임팩트 시 속도를 증가시키는 결과를 보였다. 클럽헤드는 regular 클럽이 임팩트전에는 속도 증가가 커지는 결과와 일치된 결과를 보이고 있다. The purpose of this study was to find the rational method to analyze golf swing with specific property of club shaft. Three subjects were filmed by two high speed digital cameras with 500fps. The phase analyzed was downswing of each subject. The three-dimensional coordinates of the anatomical landmarks were obtained with motion analysis system Kwon3d 3.0 version and smoothed by lowpass digital filter with cutoff frequency 6Hz. From these data, kinematic and kinetic variables were calculated using Matlab(ver 5.0) The variables for this study were angular velocity and accelerations, which were calculated and following conclusions have been made : 1) Golf swing time of stiff club is faster than that of regular club. 2) In shoulder joint motion of swing with the stiff club, x-stiff showed mort rapid negative acceleration than that of regular club. 3) In regular club, the velocity of club head would be more effective velocity, which was increasing, than those of other clubs before impact. 4) In wrist joint motion of swing with stiff club, x-stiff club showed faster than regular club in the downswing and impact more rapid negative acceleration.

저온충격에 의한 젖산균의 생리적 특성 변화

김현욱 서울대학교 농업개발연구소 2001 농업생명과학연구 Vol.5 No.-

By shifting down the growth temperature, the physiology of Lactobacillus casei, changes to adjust to the environmental stress. The shift down of the growth temperature from the optimum usually induces the resistance of L. casei to low pH, bile acids, and freezing. This resistance reached the peak by shifting down the growth temperature at the stationary growth phase of L. casei, and at the minimum growth temperature. In addition, β-galactosidase activity of L. casei was induced by the shift down of the growth temperature to 25℃ from 37℃. This phenomenon is considered to be the typical responses of L. casei to cold shock.

現代小國家의 外交政策 : 永世中立國을 中心으로 with Special Reference to the Neutral

金顯煜 단국대학교 1975 論文集 Vol.9 No.-

문화콘텐츠산업의 창작소재로서 한국전통스포츠의 활용 가치에 대한 연구 : 태권도 소재 애니매이션을 중심으로

김용범,박현욱 한국스포츠리서치 2005 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.16 No.2

We have examined the industrial value of Korean traditional sport through animation of Taekwondo. our national sport. which might have contributed on creation of high added value. Therefore we can maintain the importance to develop the Korean-style animation which put the emphasis on traditional culture. cultural identity. and cultural sovereignty, and find a way of development in the future as follows. In the first place, Taekwondo is the symbol of the very Korean way, and Korean culture which has the high added value as material for creating the cultural contents. The industry of cultural contents naturally depends on creation. beauty of art, cultural identity. and sensitivity. We should keel) our spirit and ensure the cultural sovereignty through it. In the second, the animation of Taekwondo can contribute greatly on transfer of Korean culture and giving a good impression of Korea. It is because it contains the Korean value, culture, and the emotion native to Korea. It does not just produce the economic effect but also contribute on improvement of international competitiveness. In the third, the animation industry exerts a great synergy effect on the related business and it can be an important source of boomerang effect. Thus it must materialize the value of One Source Multi Use related to character, fancy products, computer game, theme park, edutainment, and advertisement when it is planned and produced. With establishment of Taekwondo Park, wemust put the footing for using high technology which can produce the cultural contents of high added value. It enables to contribute on development of the related business. the establishment of infrastructure. making profit. The profit must reinvest for developing Taekwondo and make the precedent of good investment cycle. To achieve this goal, we need to develop the computer game and research the movie with Taekwondo material.

엔터테이먼트 토이의 이중표현을 위한 촉감정보 분석에 관한 연구

김현욱,정지원 한국기초조형학회 2003 기초조형학연구 Vol.4 No.1

Development of technology rapidly enlarged toy industry and the quality of life is regarded as importance in society and culture. Toy is different in form and character according to the age and express industry, society and culture in various direction. Only well-designed toy is considered as importance for competitive market in the age that toys of same price and same function are fluent. High technology intensive entertainment toy expresses straightforward aspect of present age and provides the function of human's companion through communication between human and robot in recent future. Human who lives in present age is contacting various materials through various touches and tactile information felt by infant through the old are diversified. When infant contacts toy first, its material stimulates the tactile through various senses of tactile and infant becomes to play with other dual representation. The material of toy expresses the character of toy and various materials enable subject who play with toy to provide with toy to percept form, function, color, or character of design subject to tender. This paper tries to provide right direction to design entertainment toy through using according to material of entertainment toy and dual representation by tactile information as data. 테크놀러지(technology)의 발달은 토이산업을 급속도로 넓혀가고 있으며 사회와 문화에서도 삶의 질을 중요시하게 되었다. 토이는 시대에 따라 그 형태와 특성을 달리하고 시대의 산업, 사회, 문화를 다각도로 표현하고 있다. 똑같은 기능과 가격의 토이가 넘쳐흐르는 시대 속에서 굿 디자인된 토이 만이 경쟁 시장이의 중요성으로 부각되어지고 있다. 고도의 기술 집약적으로 만들어진 엔터테이먼트 토이는 현시대의 단적인 모습을 표현하고 있으며, 근 미래에 사람과 로봇의 커뮤니케이션을 통하여 모든 인간의 동반자로서의 기능을 제시하고 있다. 현대를 살아가는 인류는 다양한 소재를 촉감에 의해 느끼고 접촉하여 왔으며, 유아에서 노인에 이르기까지 소재에서 느껴지는 촉감정보는 다양하다. 유아가 처음 접촉하게 되는 토이에 있어서 그 소재는 유아에게 다양한 촉각으로 촉감을 자극하며 또 다른 이중표현(Dual Representation)으로 놀이를 하게 한다. 토이의 소재는 토이가 갖는 특성을 표현하기도 하며 토이를 가지고 놀이하는 대상에게도 다양한 형태와 기능, 색채 등을 제공한다. 본 연구는 엔터테이먼트 토이(Entertainment Toy)소재에 따른 촉감정보의 이중표현을 통하여 엔터테이먼트 토이 디자인의 올바른 방향을 제시하고자 한다.

양방향 링크를 갖는 개선된 DSR Ad Hoc 라우팅에 관한 연구

김현욱,이광배,김정일,최동근 명지대학교 산업기술연구소 2001 産業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.20 No.-

In this paper, we enhanced the existing DSR routing protocol for ad hoc networks with bidirectional link. In mobile ad hoc network, mobile nodes themselves have router capability. Thus, for communication between two mobile nodes, the routing protocol for route set-up is required. DSR routing protocol, which is one of famous mobile ad hoc routing protocols, has the following problem: when route error occurs, the sending data packets drop as route recovery is delayed. In order to alleviate such problem, we modified route maintenance process of the existing DSR protocol so that the route recovery time from route error was shortened. As the result of performance evaluation, it was found the route recovery time of the proposed routing protocol was about 12 times faster than that of the existing DSR protocol. In addition, the data reception rate was more than 90 % for mobile ad hoc networks with slow mobility.

소련의 外交政策事例 硏究 : 「오스트리아」政策을 中心으로 with Special reference to the Austrian Policy

金顯煜 단국대학교 1977 論文集 Vol.11 No.-

The negotiations over the State Treaty had more or less been ata standstill from the end of 1949 to the beginning of 1954. Through constantly new demands that had little or nothing to do with the re-establishment of Austira as an independent state, the Soviet Union sought to delay an agreement by any means. At the Berlin Conference in the beginning of 1954, the Soviet Union had been prepared to sign a State Treaty but at the same time refused to evacuate Austria before the conclusion of a peace treaty with Germany. The Soviet Foreign policy had changed, although not the regime itself. The main reason was that the Soviet Union had been confonted with many complicated problems-exterior as well as interior-which it had been unable to solve. Thr rulers in the Kremlin were now interested in a general relaxation of the pressure to which they had been subjected by the Western powers. They needed peace amd quiet for some time in order to reduce the burden of their armaments and to deal with China, with the shortcomings of their agricultural production, and many other complicated problems. According to John Foster Dulles, this had been the main reason for the final Soviet consent to the State Treaty and the evacuation of Austria. The relaxation was not a goal for the achievement of which the Soviets were willing to pay a price. From their point of view it was only a means by which they hoped ti undermine the resistance of the Western powers to their own demands and thereby pave the way for the attainmennt of their main objectives in Europe: 1) the consolidation of use Soviet territorial gains after World War Ⅱ ; 2) American withdrawal from Europe, thus fatally destroying the Western political and military alliance ; 3) the prevention of a strong united Germany, integrated with the West, a result which in its turn, was a necessary prerequisite for the integration of West Germany in tthe Eastern bloc some time in the future. Soviet expansion after the war had frightened the Western powers and strengtehened and fortified their unity. The North Atlantic Pact had been sighed ; the rearmament of the non-Communist part of Europe accelerated. Finally a West German state had been established which claimed to represent all Germany. As it soon became clear that the defense of the NATO states was almost hopeless without German cooperation, negotiations had been initiated on ways and means to render the rearmament of the Federal Republic of Germany possible. The first indication of a change in Soviet Policy toward Austria did not come until the beginning of February 1955. At the end of the previous year the French National Assembly had approved the Paris agreements on the rearmament of West Germany which had replaced the treaty on the European Defense Community, rejected by the assembly on August 30, 1954. There was a widespread opinion in the West that the main reason the Soviets had finally accepted the State treaty was to create a model for a subsequent solution of the problem of German reunification. Khrushchev held that the strengthening of the Federal Republic by a close political and economic collaboration with Austria ciould, as the Swiss example proved, just as well be effectively prevented by an Austrian declaration of perpetual neutrality. From the Soviet point of view neutrality. Consequently, was a political means by which not only the weakening and final disintegration of NATO and other similar organizations should be hastened, but also, it was hoped Austria should be prevented from a closer political and economic association with the Federal Republic whose influence within the Western bloc, it was feared, would grow more and more as years passed.

中部地方에 있어서 主要母巖 및 立地環境이 잣나무 生長에 미치는 影響

金鎭彧,李鍾樂,鄭炫培 慶熙大學校 1984 論文集 Vol.13 No.-

This study investigated the relationships between growth of Korean white pine (Pinus koraiensis), physical and chemical soil factors, and other environmental factors. 1. The growth of Korean White Pine is best on soils of granite-gneiss, parent material. The order of ranking is granite-gneiss crystalline gneiss, granite, and limestone. 2. No statistically significant relationships were found between tree growth, aspect, topographic gradient, and soil moisture content. 3. The relationship between elevation and tree height and volume growth is statistically significant. The contribution ratios of elevation to tree height, diameter ( D.B.H.), and volume growth are, respectively, 18.3%, 5.4%, and 17.5% 4. The relationship between soil texture and growth was significant only for tree diameter (D.B.H.), the contribution ratio of soil texture to D.B.H. growth being 8.4% 5. Height growth on soils of granite or limestone is positively correlated with their organic matter content. 6. Tree growth increases with increasing nitrogen content of soils of limestone. 7. For granitic soils, tree growth is negatively correlated with the content of available phosphorus.

흰쥐 망막의 신경원에서 GABA와 Glycine의 공존

손욱현,오수자,김인범,천명훈,정진웅 대한해부학회 1997 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.30 No.6