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젊은 성인에서의 하악 매복 제 3 대구치의 맹출과 위치변화에 대한 방사선학적 평가
김효섭,이재훈 大韓顎顔面成形再建外科學會 2003 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.25 No.4
The third molar appears to be the most frequently impacted tooth. In most studies, the frequency of mandibular third molar impaction has been found to be 20-30%, with females showing third molar impaction significantly more often than males. During development, the position of the mandibular third molar changes countinously before reuption or impaction. Unless this movement is disturbed, the mandibular third molar will erupt normally into the functional position. Panoramic tomographs are usually taken for clincal examinaion and treatment planning. To determine the timing of surgical intervention, it would be beneficial to dertermine certain predictive signs about the future eruption from the panormic radiograph while the tooth is still developing. To estmate whether mandibular third molar are likely to erupt after the age of 20 by determining radiographic feature, we took a study on 25 patients (Average age was 20.2±0.7)with 30 impacted mandibular third molars. Panoramic radiograph was taken at age 20 and 25. The results were as follows. 76.9% of the mandibular third molars with initially complete root development fully erupted by the age of 25 years. however, teeth with incomplete root development more often remained unerupted. The mandibular third molar which impacted in only soft tissue or by the occlusal level to the mandibular second molar erupted more often than other impactions. Initially vertical angulated teeth erupted more often than other angulations. There was a statistically significant difference of angulations change between age 20 and age 25(P<0.05). In the retromolar space/MD width of mandibular third molar ratio, there was a statistically significant difference between the erupted group and the impacted group(P<0.01). It was conclued that we could find the predictive radiographic features to estimate future eruption of mandibular third molars from a panoremic tomograph taken at age 20 years.
가시오가피(Acanthopanax senticosus)의 석유에테르 추출물 중 polyacetylene계 물질의 동정
양효진,김은미,장규섭 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2008 농업과학연구 Vol.35 No.1
This study was conducted to isolate polyacetylenes from the Acanthopanax senticosus and to identify the chemical structure of the polyacetylenes by UV, IR, ¹H-NMR and (13)^C-NMR. One of the liposoluble materials was extracted with petroleum ether. Polyacetylene compounds were collected through solvent fractionation at silica gel column chromatograph. The HPLC was used for the semi-preparative separation IR spectra of fraction 5 showed triple bonds at 2256 cm^(-1) and double bond at 1654cm^(-1), respectively, ¹H-NMR spectra of Fraction 5 showed the double bond at 5.35-5.48 ppm. Triple bond at 64.0. 71.2, 74.2, 80.2 ppm and double bond at 121.89, 133.0 ppm were observed in the (13)^C-NMR spectra. 가시오가피를 실온에서 petroleum ether로 추출한 polyacetylene의 동정하기 위하여 TLC, HPLC, UV spectrum, IR, NMR로 수행하였다. TLC에 전개시킨 결과, polyacetylene 표준품과 동일한 band가 fraction 5에서 확인되었으며, HPLC에서 fraction 5를 분리시킨 결과 retention time이 4.40, 5.36, 6.40분이었다. 이를 UV spectrum에서 확인한 결과, 6.40분의 peak(compound 3)에서 polyacetylenes의 파장인 231.0nm, 239.0nm, 257.0nm을 나타내었다. IR spetrum에서 triple bond 2256cm^(-1)과 double bond1654cm^(-1)의 전형적인 peak를 나타내었으며, (13)^C-NMR(400MHz, CDC1₃)에서 polyacetylenes 전형적인 64.0, 71.2, 74.2, 80.2ppm은 2개의 triple bond에 의한 peak와 121.89, 133.0ppm에서 internal double bond로 결합된 2개의 peak를 확인 할 수 있었다.
이단계 혐기성/호기성 반응기를 이용한 Reactive Blue 114의 생분해
이성호,오유관,김효섭,박성훈 부산대학교 환경문제연구소 1998 環境硏究報 Vol.16 No.-
난분해성 안트라퀴논계 염료인 Reactive Blue 114를 이단계 혐기성/호기성 반응기를 이용하여 분해하고자 하였다. 혐기성 반응기로 Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) 반응기를 이용하였고, 호기성 반응기로는 전통적인 활성슬러지조를 사용하였다. 혐기성 UASB 반응기는 2개월 동안 염료를 투입하지 않고 start-up 과정을 거친 후 염료를 투입하여 염료 농도의 영향과 수리학적 체류시간(HRT)의 영향을 조사하였다. 염료 제거율은 염료농도가 증가하거나 HRT가 감소할수록 감소하였다. 혐기성 UASB 반응기로 측정한 최대 염료제거속도는 52 mg/L · day이었다. 1차 혐기성 처리수를 호기성 반응기를 이용하여 처리하였을 때 색도 기준으로 염료 제거는 관찰되지 않았다. HPLC를 이용하여 1차 혐기성 처리수를 분석하였을 때 Reactive Blue 114의 중간 분해 산물이 확인되었고, 이들 물질은 2차 호기성 처리시 제거되었다. Biodegradatiorn of C. I. (Color Index) Reactive Blue 114 was investigated by using continuous two stage reactor anaerobic/aerobic reactors. An Upflow Anaerovbic Sludge Blanket (UASB) and conventional activated sludge reactor were used as an anaerobic and aerobic reactors, respectively. During the start-up operation for 2 months, UASB reactor was operated without dye and then fed with a subtoxic concentration (5 mg/L) of Reactive Blue 114. After reaching a steady state, the effect of dye concentration and hydraulic retention time (HRT) were studied. With increasing dye concentration and decreasing HRT, dye removal efficiency decreased. The highest removal rate of the Reactive Blue 114 obtained was 52 mg/L · day. In the aerobic reactor, color removal was not observed regardless of the operating conditions. The degradation intermediates of Reactive Blue 114 were analyzed by HPLC. Some intermediates were detected from the effluent of UASB, and they were apparently degraded further by the aerobic process.
Kim, Hyo-Seob,Dharmaiah, Peyala,Madavali, Babu,Ott, Ryan,Lee, Kap-Ho,Hong, Soon-Jik Elsevier 2017 ACTA MATERIALIA Vol.128 No.-
<P>(GeTe)(x)(AgSbTe2)(100-x): TAGS thermoelectrics are an attractive class of materials due to their combination of non-toxicity and good conversion efficiency at mid-temperature ranges. In the present work, we have utilized energy and time efficient high-pressure gas atomization and spark-plasma sintering techniques for large-scale preparation of samples with varying composition (i.e., (GeTe)(x)(AgSbTe2)(100-x) where x = 75, 80, 85, and 90). High-temperature x-ray diffraction was used to understand the phase transformation mechanism of the as-atomized powders. Detailed high-resolution transmission electron microscopy of the sintered samples revealed the presence of nanoscale precipitates, antiphase, and twin boundaries. The nanoscale twins and antiphase boundaries serve as phonon scattering centers, leading to the reduction of total thermal conductivity in TAGS-80 and 90 samples. The maximum ZT obtained was 1.56 at 623 K for TAGS-90, which was similar to 94% improvement compared to values previously reported. The presence of the twin boundaries also resulted in a high fracture toughness (K-IC) of the TAGS-90 sample due to inhibition of dislocation movement at the twin boundary. (C) 2017 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</P>
Kim, Su-Jin,Shin, Bong-Gi,Choi, In-Young,Kim, Dong-Hyun,Kim, Min-cheol,Myung, Noh-Yil,Moon, Phil-Dong,Lee, Jeong-Han,An, Hyo-Jin,Kim, Na-Hyung,Lee, Joo-Young,So, Hong-seob,Park, Rae-Kil,Jeong, Hyun-Ja Pharmaceutical Society of Japan 2009 Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin Vol.32 No.2
<P>Hwanggunchungyitang (HGCYT) is a newly designed herbal drug formula for the purpose of treating auditory diseases. A number of heavy metals have been associated with toxic effects to the peripheral or central auditory system. Cadmium (Cd<SUP>2+</SUP>) is a heavy metal and a potent carcinogen implicated in tumor development through occupational and environmental exposure. However, the auditory effect of Cd<SUP>2+</SUP> is not poorly understood. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether HGCYT prevent the ototoxic effects induced by Cd<SUP>2+</SUP> in auditory cell line, HEI-OC1. HGCYT inhibited the cell death, reactive oxygen species generation (ROS), activation of caspase-9, and extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) induced by Cd<SUP>2+</SUP>. In addition, we observed that cochlear hair cells in middle turn were damaged by Cd<SUP>2+</SUP>. However, HGCYT prevented the destruction of hair cell arrays of the rat primary organ of Corti explants in the presence of Cd<SUP>2+</SUP>. These results support the notion that ROS are involved in Cd<SUP>2+</SUP> ototoxicity and suggest HGCYT therapeutic usefulness, against Cd<SUP>2+</SUP>-induced activation of caspase-9 and ERK.</P>