적층구조를 가진 이중공진 마이크로스트립 패치 안테나의 설계

이화춘, 정남채 초당대학교 초고속정보화센터 2001 초고속정보화센터논문집 Vol.2 No.-

동축급전을 가지는 적층구조를 이용하여 차세대 이동통신인 IMT-2000 주파수 대역용 마이크로스트립 안테나를 설계 및 제작하였다. 협소한 대역폭 문제를 해결하고자 이중 공진을 일으키는 적층 구조의 안테나를 설계하였다. 적층구조 특성을 이용하여 협소한 대역폭 문제를 해결하고, 송·수신의 동작대역이 서로 다른 IMT-2000 주파수대역에 맞추기 위해 이중공진의 특성을 이용하였다. 전송라인 모델을 이용하여 아래 패치의 크기를 설계한 다음 시뮬레이터를 이용하여 최대전력 전달을 위해 최적의 급전위치를 찾았으며 상층기판의 유전율 및 두께를 최적화시켰다. 또한 공기층을 삽입하여 제작의 정밀성과 안테나의 효율을 증가시키고자 하였다. 설계한 안테나의 주파수대역은 1.885GHz∼2.025GHz, 2.11GHz∼2.2GHz의 동작대역을 포함하고 230MHz 이상의 대역폭을 가지도록 설계되었고 측정결과는 하향 1.8745GHz, 상향 2.2GHz에서 공진이 발생하였으며 각각 10.2%와 7.8%의 대역폭을 가지는 결과를 얻었다. Stacked square microstrip antenna was designed and manufactured and tested to apply in next generation mobile communication, on IMT-2000 system(up link: 1.885GHz∼2.025GHz, down link: 2.11GHz∼2.2GHz), which has dual-frequency, broadband and high-gain characteristics. To increase bandwidth we presented dual band stacked microstrip patch antenna with one probe feed using a technology that is stacked patches in which a parastitic element is place above a lower patch. Lower patch was designed by transmission line model and impedance matching point is determined by using simulator. Second, We considered variations of return loss by simulator when dielectric constant and thickness in higher dielectric substrate is varied. Third, to settled distance between lower substrate and higher substrate, we placed to air-gap above lower substrate. Therefore we expected that the efficiency of antenna and exactness of manufacture can be improved by this way. Finally we determined parameters of the antenna through above optimization procedure. With the parameters, We manufactured stack square microstrip patch antenna and measured with HP 8510c network analyzer. The pleasured results are as follows: resonant frequency of 1.8745GHz and 2.2GHz, bandwidth of up to 10.2% and 7.8%, gain of 8dB∼10dB.

Yarrowia lipolytica TH65가 생산하는 Alkaline Proteinase의 정제 및 특성

유춘발,김창화,진영호,진익렬 한국미생물생명공학회 ( 구 한국산업미생물학회 ) 1996 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.24 No.3

최적조건에서 생산한 효소를 40~65% ammonium sulfate 분획, DEAE-cellulose chromatography, Sephadex G-100과 Sephadex G-75 gel filtration을 이용하여 수율 14%, 15배 정제하였다. 정제효소의 분자량은 SDS-PAGE로 측정한 결과 31,500 정도였고, 최적온도와 최적 pH는 각각 40℃와 8.5~9.0이었다. 대부분의 2가 금속이온은 효소활성을 저해하였으며, 특히 Hg^2+, Zn^2+, Co^2+ 등은 강하게 저해하였다. PMSF는 효소활성을 완전히 저해시켰으며, EDTA, EGTA 및 phenanthroline은 부분적으로 저해시켰으나 Ca^2+을 첨가하면 모두 효소활성이 복원되는 것으로 나타나 metalloprotease는 아닌 것으로 생각되었다. 이상의 결과로 보아 본 효모 Yarrowia lipolytica TH65가 생산하는 효소는 alkaline serine proteinase로 생각된다. An alkaline proteinase produced by Yarrowia lipolytica TH65 was purified by 40~65% ammonium sulfate fractionation, DEAE-cellulose chromatography, and gel filtration with Sephadex G-100 and Sephadex G-75. The purified enzyme was shown as a single ban on SDS-PAGE, and its molecular weight 31,500. Optimum temperature and pH were 40℃ and 8.5~9.0, respectively, and the enzyme was stable below 40℃ and in the pH range of 6~8. The enzyme was strongly inhibited by divalent ions, completely by PMSF, and partially by EDTA, EGTA, and phenanthroline. But the inhibitory effect in the presence of EDTA, EGTA and phenanthroline could be reversed by addition of Ca^2+. Thus, these results indicated that the purified enzyme was an alkaline serine proteinase (E.C. 3.4.21.14).

목회화 설교 발전의 고백서

소화춘 목원대학교 신학연구소 1998 신학과 현장 Vol.8 No.-

중학생의 성교육 요구

박춘화,박금자 고신대학교 전인간호과학연구소 2002 전인간호과학연구 학술모음집 Vol.- No.-

The purpose of this study was to identify the need for sex education in middle school students Research subjects were 194 students who attended at I seminary in B city. The period of data collection was from July to August, 2001. Research instrument was composed of 61 structured items : 17 items related to demographics and sex, 44 items related to the need of sex education. Data were collected through the self-report method by the researcher and one trained assistant. The instrument developed by the researchers was employed to measure the need of sex education and it's Cronbach's α = 0.9349 in this research. Data were analyzed by frequency, percentage, factor analysis and t-test using SPSS WIN Program. The findings of this study are summarized as follows : 1. The highest score among characteristics of sex was less interest about sex(42.6%)', 39.0% of subjects got information about sex from friends or elders. 52.3% of subjects consulted friends or elders about sex problems. The number of sex education lessons was 1-2 times in school during last sernester(61.0%). Education by the school nurse was 35.9% to students. 43.1% of subjects announced moderate satisfaction on sex education. 2. The mean score of the need for sex education was 2.88±0.47(lowest value , highest 4). The most wanted sex education factor was 'chastity and sexual responsibility (3.33±0.67)' and followed by 'family and marriage(3.26±.62)' and 'considerations of sex(3.07±0.69)'. Meanwhile, the lowest wanted sex education factor is 'physiological characteristics of male(2.47±0.72)', followed by 'sexual behavior(2.49±0.75)'. The most wanted sex education item was 'the meaning of family(3.54±0.75)' and followed by 'the cautions to prevention from sexual abuse(3.49±0.78)' and sexual activity and responsibility(3.43±0.77)'. Meanwhile, the lowest wanted sex education item is 'masturbation(2.16±0.97)', followed by 'circumcision(2.32±0.97)'. 3. There is no significant difference between boys and girls in mean score about the need for sex education(t=- .715, p= .476). Sex education factor that girl-students wanted was 'physiological caracteristics of female'. Sex education factor that boy-students wanted was 'family and marriage'. Sex education items that girl-students wanted were 'cautions during menstruation', 'the relation of ovulation and pregnancy', 'caution to prevention from sexual abuse' and 'sexual behavior and responsibility'. Sex education items that boy-students wanted were 'the meaning of family', 'the importance of marriage', 'male's sex organs', 'a wet dream', 'the method to resolve sexual curiosity', 'sexual intercourse' and 'the connection with the other sex'. In conclusion, the mean score of the need for sex education is medium. The route to attain knowledge about sex and sexual problem is through consulting friends and elders. Therefore, it is necessary to give sex education that is suitable to the subject's needs and methods. Also, it is necessary to give differently strong point about sex education between female and male students.

유한요소법에 의한 호안의 강제치환 형상에 관한 변형예측 및 현장계측

박춘식,장정욱,하주화 국립7개대학공동논문집간행위원회 2005 공업기술연구 Vol.5 No.-

This study used the finite element method analysis to estimate enforced replacement shapes and replacement depth. The data were expected to be used as the fundamental data of the design through the comparison with the results of the elastic wave exploration and investigation. The results of the research are summarized in the following. (1) After dividing the breakwater into 5models, on which elastic wave exploration was performed, the enforced replacement shape has been obtained by the finite element method. The result was satisfactory compared to the results of the elastic wave exploration. (2) The enforced replacement shapes of the breakwater were compared in different ways; in the design, in the elastic wave exploration in field and in this study. While the enforced replacement shape in the design is substantially different from that in elastic wave exploration in field, it turned out to be similar to the results of this research. (3)If an enforced replacement shape is standardized in configuration of breakwater, depth of soft soil and th value of soil property, it can be used as the standardized section in designing breakwaters.

독서요법에 관한 연구

정춘화 동의대학교 2005 인간과 문화 연구 Vol.- No.10

사각패치안테나의 공진에 미치는 일축성 기판과 유전체 덮개층의 영향에 관한 연구

이화춘 초당대학교 초고속정보화센터 2000 초고속정보화센터논문집 Vol.1 No.-

Complex resonant frequency of on a uniaxial substrate with a superstrate-loaded microstrip structure is investigated. The study is performed by using a full-wave analysis and Galerkin's moment method in solving the integral equation. The sinusoidal function are selected as the basis function, which slow fast numerical convergence. Numerical results for the effects of anisotropy in the substrate, superstrate permittivity and thickness, in the complex resonant frequency of the rectangular microstrip structure, are also presented. Also, It is found that half-power bandwidth are increased due to the positive uniaxial anisotropy and superstrate.

타워식 자동 공구 교환장치의 성능 평가

이춘만,노영화,박동근 한국공작기계학회 2006 한국공작기계학회 추계학술대회논문집 Vol.2006 No.-

This study is concerned about the development and performance evaluation of a tower type ATC(Automatic Tool Changer). Recently, many studies have been undergoing to reduce working time in field of machine center. Tower type ATC have been developed to reduce the stand-by time by shortening tool exchanging time. The developed system can store more number of tools in small space. In order to evaluate the performance of tower type ATC, feeding speed and noise are measured by a laser interferometer and a noise level meter.

「질트리코모나스」(Trichomonas vaginalis)의 주별(株別) 병원성에 따른 Isozyme 양상에 관한 실험적 연구

劉能和,明春玉,鄭坪林,李根泰 연세대학교 의과대학 1984 연세의대논문집 Vol.17 No.1

Extracellular Proteinase를 생산하는 효모의 분리동정과 효소의 생산

김창화,이태형,유춘발,진익렬 한국미생물생명공학회 ( 구 한국산업미생물학회 ) 1996 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.24 No.4

토양 및 농업용수와 하수 등으로부터 분리한 237주의 효모를 대상으로 단백질 분해력이 있는 효모 13주를 분리한 후, 알카리 조건에서 활성이 우수한 효모 TH65의 형태학적 및 생리생화학적 특성을 조사하고, 그 결과를 Saccharomycopsis lipolytica KCCM 12495 및 S. lipolytica KCCM 35426와 비교한 바, 발효성이 없고 대부분의 당류와 nitrate를 이용하지 못하는 등 대조 균주와 거의 동일한 특성을 보임에 따라 분리균주를 Yarrowia lipolytica TH65로 동정하였다. 분리효모의 protease 생산성을 조사한 결과, 탄소원으로는 glycerol과 glucose가 좋았고, glucose 농도는 0.5%가 적당하였다. 질소원으로는 0.6% skim milk에서 가장 많은 효소가 유도되었고, 아미노산에 의한 영향을 조사한 결과는 cysteine, cystine 및 tryptophane에 의해 효소 생산성이 감소되는 것으로 나타났다. Yeast extract 농도의 영향을 조사한 결과는 0.1~0.5%에서 양호하였으나, 첨가된 대부분의 무기염과 인산염은 효소생산성을 증가시키지 못하는 것으로 나타났다. 배양초기 pH는 9~11에서 가장 좋았고, 배양온도는 18℃에서 가장 좋았으며, 배양시간에 따른 효소생산성은 36시간에서 최고치를 나타내었다. A yeast strain TH65 producing a high level of proteinase under alkaline condition was isolated, and identified as Yarrowia lipolytica by morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics. In proteinase productivity, glycerol and glucose among tested carbon sources were very effective, and optimum concentration of glucose was 0.5%. Skim milk was found to be most effective nitrogen source in productivity, and its optimum concentration was 0.6%. But, cysteine, cystine and tryptophane decreased the proteinase productivity. Yeast extract was relatively effective at the range of 0.1~0.5%. The yeast showed maximum production of proteinase at 18℃, pH 9~11, and cultivation time of 36 hours.