상수 원수에 따른 용존 유기물의 특성 평가

허준무,박종안,손부순,장봉기,이종화 한국환경과학회 1999 한국환경과학회지 Vol.8 No.3

This study was carried out to evaluate the characteristics of dissolved organics based on their origins, which were divided into two categories. The first group consisted of river, lake and secondary sewage treatment effluent, which were chosen as representative of their origins. The second group were artificial samples which were made of AHA(Aldrich humic acids) and WHA(Wako humic acids). Physicochemical characteristics, biological degradability and THMFP(trihalomethane formation potential) of the samples were analysed based on the AMWD(apparent molecular weight distribution). Large portion of dissolved organic carbon(DOC) in the river and lake samples was comprised of LMW(low molecular weight), while that of AHA and WHA was HMW(high molecular weight). The DOC of the lake was evenly distributed in the all range of molecular weight. The river, lake and secondary treated effluent have lower ultraviolet(UV) absorbance at 254nm, and have a higher amount of humic acids. Higher absorbance of humic acids means that aliphatic bond and benzenoid type components that absorb UV light were contained in these kind of humic acids. It was expected that lake sample was the most biodegradable in the different samples investigated, and in order of secondary sewage treatment effluent, river, WHA and AHA based on the result of determination of specific ultraviolet absorbance(SUVA). Biodegradability showed similar result except for ABA, while dissolved organics in the range of LMW decreased during the biodegradability test, and on the contrary those of HMW increased. Production of the SMPs(soluble microbial products) was observed during humicification of dissolved organics and the SMPs were in the range of 0.7∼5.5% of DOC which was the lowest value. Sample had a higher portion of HMW showed a higher production of the SMPs. THM formation was high in the samples containing HMW and similar tendency was shown in the THMFP(trihalomethane formation potential), except for WHA.

세라믹튜브 및 패킹형 플라스틱 여재충전 혐기성 여상의 유가공 폐수 처리특성 및 반응조 내부거동

허준무,장봉기,서성철,박종안,이종화,배형석,김준현 순천향대학교 기초과학연구소 1997 순천향자연과학연구 논문집 Vol.3 No.2

This study was carried to develop of anaerobic reactor to be able to maximize the organic removal efficiency using laboratory-scale anaerobic filter. The ceramic tube and pall ring media were tested for the applicability as packing media of anaerobic filter for the treatment of a dairy waste. This study was conducted to determine the anaerobic treatability of a dairy waste, and investigate the effects of ceramic tube and pall ring media. Anaerobic filters were packed with packing volume of 65% of total working volume. When treating a dairy waste, the organic removal efficiency of anaerobic filter packed with pall rings was a little higher than that of anaerobic filter packed with ceramic tubes. This was because the reactor packed with ceramic tube had clogging problems and substrate transfer limitations. It seemed that the reactor packed with ceramic tubes had uneven packing due to structural characteristics. The COD removals of ceramic tube and pall ring anaerobic filters were greater than about 91% and 94%, respectively, at organic loading rate lower than 5kgCOD/㎥/d. The COD removals of both reactors decreased to 80% with organic loading rate of 10kgCOD/㎥/d. Biomass capture and solid-liquid-gas separation efficiency seemed to vary with the type of media.

지렁이를 이용한 슬러지 안정화시 부하율의 영향 및 슬러지 종류별 안정화 가능성 검토

서성철,박종안,이노섭,배형석,이종화,허준무,김준현 순천향대학교 기초과학연구소 1997 순천향자연과학연구 논문집 Vol.3 No.2

Stabilization of organic sludges using earthworms was conducted in a laboratory to investigate the effect of feed rate on the vermistabilization, and feasibility of vermistabilization of various sludge was also carried out to further wider application of vermistabilization. Sludges used in this study were septic tank sludge, papermill sludge and brewery sludge. Sludge reduction, cast production, earthworm growth rate and cocoon production were monitored periodically to check degree of stabilization. Feed rate of septic tank sludge did not have a notable effect on the sludge reduction and cast production per unit weight or earthworm. There was also no difference in the earthworm growth rate per unit weight of the sludge removed among the different sludge feed rate. The amount of septic tank sludge, papermill sludge and brewery sludge per gram of earthworm per day were 0.06, 0.05, and 0.02g, respectively. The weight of increase of earthworm per unit weight of the sludge removed was 0.18g/g for the septic tank sludge, 0.21g/g for the papermill sludge, and only 0.06g/g for the brewery sludge. It was therefore concluded that brewery sludge was not suitable for vermistabilization mainly due to high organic content to be easily converted organic acid. The concentrations of several heavy metals, volatile solids, total organic carbon and total kjeldahl nitrogen in the cast were generally lower than those in the raw sludges.

가시발새우 껍질에서 제조한 키틴 키토산의 물리화학적 특성

정계환,김봉섭,허종화,노홍균 대구효성가톨릭대학교 식품과학연구소 1996 식품과학지 Vol.8 No.-

가시발새우 껍질을 부가가치가 높은 자원으로 활용하기 위하여, 이들로부터 키틴과 키토산을 제조하여 물리화학적 특성을 살펴 보았다. 가시발새우 껍질에서 추출한 키틴의 일반성분은 질소 6.84%, 지방 0.57%, 회분 0.32%였으며, 수율은 15.7%였다. 키토산은 질소함량이 7.52%였으며 지방과 회분함량은 각각 0.13%와 0.33%였다. 그리고 탈아세틸화도는 67.5%, 분자량은 9.1×10 exp (5)이었으며 수율은 75%를 나타내었다. 키틴 및 키토산의 잔류 아미노산은 각각 2.64㎎/g과 1.39㎎/g 검출되었고, 그 중 lysine이 가장 높게 나타났다. 한편 키틴과 키토산의 IR 스펙트럼과 고체상태 ^(13)C-NMR 스펙트럼 data는 분자구조를 확인하는데 도움이 되었다. The physicochemical properties of chitin and chitosan produced from lobster shrimp (Metanephrups thomosonii) shell were investigated. Lobster shrimp chitin contained 6.84% nitrogen, 0.57% fat and 0.32% ash, while chitosan contained 7.52% nitrogen, 0.13% fat and 0.33% ash. Degree of deacetylation and molecular weight of chitosan were 67.5% and 9.1×105, respectively. Yields of chitin from the shell portion and chitosan from the chitin were 15.7% and 75%, respectively. Chitin and chitosan contained 2.64 and 1.39㎎/g of residual amino acids, respectively, with both the most predominant being lysine. Chemical structures of the lobster shrimp chitin and chitosan have been investigated by the IR and solid state ^(13)C-NMR spectra.

인공 연못의 부영양화 원인 및 저감대책 : - 현충사 경내 연못을 중심으로 -

장봉기,권용순,박종안,이종화,허준무 순천향대학교 기초과학연구소 2001 순천향자연과학연구 논문집 Vol.7 No.1

The field investigation including survey of water quality and sediment was conducted to evaluate trophic level and to find out appropriate control measures of artificially eutrophicated pond. The pond is located in the Hyunchoongsa, Asan, and has been a major water quality problem which has received considerable attention over the last decades because of accelerated aging of pond waters may be resulting from elevated loading of nutrients. Comprehensive survey of water quality and bottom sediment was carried out for one year to find out history of general characteristics, from November 1999 to July 2000. Average concentration of total nitrogen and phosphorus in the pond water was 25.43mg/ℓ and 0.2mg/ℓ respectively, and other characteristics showed higher trophic level. Chlorophyll-a concentration was 24.43mg/ℓ, and major group of algae was green algae of Closterim, which occupied 97.7%. The eutrophication rate index of one-year average was 70.91, and this level meant the pond was severe eutrophication state. Higher concentration of nutrient was detected in sediment of the pond, which was 2,717.06mg/ℓ and 83.20mg/ℓ, and these estimated values also meant extreme eutrophication state of the pond. Inflowing water quality was also monitored to find out the nutrient source. Results showed that inflowing water was not good for the supplying water for the pond since Total nitrogen and phosphorus concentration of inflowing water were 28.87mg/ℓ and 0.25mg/ℓ, respectively, and these nutrient concentrations were very high leading to algae bloom of the pond. Therefore it was concluded that supply of clean water is good for remedial actions to the pond, and flushing is a appropriate measures to control this eutrophicated pond. Simulation using modified simple model showed the trophic level of the pond will be change to water quality level of lake and pond I after clean water supply of 356m3/day for sixty-days.

On Energy Saving and Quality Improvement of Food Process ⑴.

Jong Wha Hur(허종화),Claus Von Der Osten(크라우스 폰 델 오스텐),Pasawadee Pradipasena(파사와디 프라디파세나),Chokyun Rha(나초균),Anthony J. Sinskey(안토니 J. 신스키) 한국생물공학회 1990 KSBB Journal Vol.5 No.4

수산식품의 건조방법에 관한 연구 : 2 . 갑오징어의 고정층건조 2 . Fixed - Bed Drying of Cuttlefish

허종화 한국수산학회 1982 한국수산과학회지 Vol.15 No.3

갑오징어 우리나라에서 비교적 많이 어획되어 대부분 천일건조에 의해 가공되고 있다. 갑오징어의 고정충 건조를 실시하여 건조 속도 및 Shirai식에 의한 건조 속도 상수 (k) 를 구하고, Arrhenius' plot에 의해 온도 의존성을 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 갑오징어의 수분 함량을 40% 이하로 낮추는데 본 실험의 경우 4시간이내가 소요되어 고정층 건조방법이 배등의 열풍건조법보다 효과적인 방법으로 판단된다. 2. 시료의 세분화, 껍질 제거, 열풍의 온도 상승 및 방향 조정 등으로 건조시간을 3시간으로 단축할 수 있었다. 3. 본 실험의 결과는 Shirai식과 Arrhenius' law에 잘 적용되었다. For the removal of initial water content in cuttlefish, the effects of fixed-bed drying condition on the drying rate were investigated, with following results. 1. The drying rate of cuttlefish dried at fixed-bed condition was also faster than that at natural convection type or hot air dryer. 2. By controlling air temperature and its direction to cut-and-peeled sample the drying time can be reduced to 2 hrs. 3. Shirai's equation and Arrhenius' law were applicable to fixed-bed dried cuttlefish. Drying rate constant (k) by Shirai's equation, and Arrhenius' plot were as shown in Table 3, 4 and Fig.3, respectively.

옥돔 건제품의 산화방지에 관한 연구

허종화,신필현,하봉석 한국수산학회 1975 한국수산과학회지 Vol.8 No.4

항산화제 및 약제처리가 옥돔 건제품의 품질에 미치는 영향을 실험한 결과 Tenox-II가 가장 산패방지 효과가 좋았고, 다음이 BHA, sustane, NDGA였으며, DETA, 솔빈산 칼리움, CTC, α-naphylamine은 효과가 없었다. 옥돔은 0.1% Tenox-II 용액에 침지처리하여 건조한 다음 PVC 필름에 포장하여 저장하면 4개월간 품질을 안정하게 유지할 수 있었다. Yellow sea bream contains comparatively larger amount of fat among white muscle fishes, so that rancidity might easily occur during drying and storage. For the purpose of the protection of rancidity, the effect of some antioxidants was studied when yellow sea bream was sun-dried after dipping in the solutions and packed in PVC film(0.3㎜×12㎝×30 ㎝)for storage at room temperature. The inhibitory effect of additives was in order of Tenox-II, BHA, Sustane and NDGA, while EDTA, potassium sorbate, CTC and α-naphthylamine were ineffective. The results suggest that the treatment of 0.1% Tenox-II solution and peeking in PVC film is better condition to improve the quality of product and during drying and storage.

수산식품의 건조방법에 관한 연구 : Ⅰ . 오징어의 고정층건조 Ⅰ . Fixed Bed Drying of Squid

허종화 한국수산학회 1982 한국수산과학회지 Vol.15 No.1

Fixed bed drying method was selected to reduce the initial drying time of squid and the effects of drying air temperature and bed height on the drying rate were investigated, with following results. 1. The drying rate in the fixed bed dryer was faster than that of natural convection type dryer heated indirectly and that of hot air dryer heated directly. 2. Shirai-equation was applicable to squid being dried. Using the equation, drying rate constant obtained was as shown in table 1.

옥돔의 동결에 관한 연구 : 1. 동결저장온도와 약품처리가 품질에 미치는 영향 1. Effects of freezing and Storing Temperature and Chemicals on the Quality of Yellow Sea Bream

허종화,강영주,송대진 한국수산학회 1977 한국수산과학회지 Vol.10 No.4

The quality changes of yellow sea bream, Branchiosiegus Japonicus Japonicus, during frozen storage were mentioned from the view point of commercial value. The experiments were conducted to find out the effective storing method by varying the storage temperatures (-5℃, -35℃) and pretreatment with chemicals (0.1% BHA, 1% sodium polyphosphate). The samples were stored for 6 months at -5℃ and -35℃ after dipping in the chemical solutions and packing with polyethylens film. The extractibility of salt soluble protein of sample stored at -35℃ was higher than that of samples stored at -5℃, while the chemical treatments were not so much effective. Difference in the amount of free water released from samples was obvious between -5℃ and -35℃ storage, and that of samples treated with sodium polyphosphate was much less than the BHA treated ones. VBN content was differed by varying the storage temperature whereas no effect by the chemical treatments. TBA value of the sample storage at -35℃ was lower than -5℃ and the effect of chemicals on the development of oxidation was in order of sodium polyphosphate, BHA and control. Carotenoid content also changed by varying the storage temperature and the color was completely faded out with quality deterioration after 3 months storage at -5℃.