교회교육 지도자들을 위한 전문지 / 특집 : 목회적 돌봄과 교육 ; 총회출판국 - 목회상담신론

(Howard Clinebell),박근원 (역) 장로회신학대학교 기독교교육연구원 1987 교육교회 Vol.- No.133

잃어버린 시대로부터 "살아있는 인간문화재" : 문화재관리의 현재 논점

Howard Keith 한국무용기록학회 2002 무용역사기록학 Vol.3 No.-

1962년 한국정부는 무형문화재 보존을 위한 법을 제정하였고, 2001년 9월까지 108개의 공연예술과 장인기술을 무형문화재로 지정하였다. 한국 정부는 인간문화재를 지정하여 이 제도를 성공적으로 운영하여 왔으나, 1990년대 중반에 접어들면서 한국사회의 급격한 경제, 사회, 정치적 개혁에 따른 운영체제 전반에 걸친 개혁이 불가피하게 되었다. UNESCO도 1980년대 중반부터 무형문화재 보존을 위한 전략을 개발하고 있으며, 이에 맞추어 UNESCO 한국위원회에서도 1998년부터 2001년 사이에 일련의 워크샵을 개최하여 37개 회원국들이 각국의 정책들을 면밀히 검토하였다. 본 논문에서는 한국의 정책과 다른 나라의 정책들을 비교해 보고자 한다. 1993년 UNESCO선언은 인간문화재의 중요성을 강조하고 있다. 일본에서는 1950년에 유형문화재 관련법이 제정되었고, 1954년에는 무형문화재 관련법이 제정되었다. 태국에서는 1985년에 인간문화재 관련법이 제정되었고 왕이 이들을 임명한다. 프랑스는 인간문화재를 동료들의 추천에 의해서 임명한다. 필리핀의 체제는 다양한 구성원으로 이루어진 필리핀 사회를 잘 조화시키는데 역점을 두고 있으며, 구 소련과 동유럽 국가들에서도 비슷한 프로그램이 개발되고 있다. 한국의 문화재 정책을 역사적으로 고찰해 본다면 1911년의 조선총독부로 거슬러 올라간다. 조선총독부는 1923년까지 385개의 유적을 보존가치가 있는 것으로 지정하였고, 이 유적들은 해방 후에도 대부분 보존목록에 남아있게 된다. 1962년 군사정권은 문화재 보호법을 통과시켜 기존의 법들을 무효화시키고, 문화재를 유형문화재, 무형문화재, 민속자료, 천연기념물의 4개의 범주로 구분하였다. 이 법률은 일본의 것을 모방하였고, 용어에 있어서도 중국과 일본의 것을 많이 사용하고 있으나, 무형문화재에 관해서만은 독특한 면을 보여주고 있다. 이 법률은 문화재의 보존이 일제 식민지와 6.25전쟁 및 서양문화에 의해 침식된 한국의 정체성을 강화시키는 것에 그 의의를 두고 있다. 한국의 인간문화재는 지난 1993년까지 103개의 무형문화재가 지정됨에따라, 186명의 기능보유자가 현재 생존하고 있으며 인간문화재들은 그들이 보유한 예술을 공연하고 보존하며, 전수하는 의무를 지고 있다. 문화예술분야에 대한 정부의 지원은 극히 미미한 편인데, IMF이후 GNP의 0.5%이하가 문화예산으로 사용되었으며, 문화부 예산 중에 무형문화재에 관한 예산은 1% 미만으로 책정되었다. 한국의 학자들은 문화재위원회에서 상당한 영향력을 행사하고 있고 이들에 의해서 옛것을 존중하는 유교철학의 전통이 상당부분 정책에 반영되었다고 볼 수 있다. 하지만 이러한 접근은 1970년대 학생운동 내부에서 전개된 민중문화운동과는 상치된다고 할 수 있는데, 이 운동은 현대사회의 관점에서 전통을 재해석하려는 태도를 보이고 있고, 공연예술, 전통예술은 고정될 수 없으며 사회가 변화함에 따라 재구성되어야 한다는 Bruno Nettl, John Blacking과 같은 학자들의 주장처럼 한국에서도 또한 많은 보고서들이 전통의 재구성을 주장하고 있다. 한국의 학자들은 전반적으로 원형의 보존에 역점을 두고 있고, 정부는 문화재의 부흥을 요구하고 있다. 그리고 현대 예술가들에 의해 전통의 수정과 변화가 중요한 변수로 작용하고 있다. 이러한 세 가지 요구의 역학 관계에도 불구하고 1999년의 인간문화재 관련회의는 1987년 이후의 시대변화와 인간문화재 선정 과정의 불합리성에만 초점을 맞추었다. 현재한국의 무형문화재 보호정책은 국제기준의 모범이 될 수 있을 것인가 하는 시험대에 놓여있다.

P165 Cytokine milieu in prurigo nodularis

( Howard Chu ),( Jungsoo Lee ),( Chang Ook Park ),( Kwang Hoon Lee ) 대한피부과학회 2016 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.68 No.2

<div style="display:none">fiogf49gjkf0d</div><div style="display:none">fiogf49gjkf0d</div><div style="display:none">fiogf49gjkf0d</div><div style="display:none">fiogf49gjkf0d</div><div style="display:none">fiogf49gjkf0d</div><div style="display:none">fiogf49gjkf0d</div> Background: Prurigo nodularis (PN) is a chronic pruritic skin disorder with multiple hyperkeratotic nodules and histologically increased epidermal thickness. The pathogenesis of PN is unclear and because its treatment is often challenging, the exact mechanisms need to be elucidated. Objectives: To identify the histologic changes and the cytokines associated with epidermal thickening and chronic inflammation of PN Methods: 30 patients who were clinically and histologically diagnosed with PN were enrolled. Medical charts were reviewed to assess age, gender, laboratory results, past histories and atopic sensitization. Epidermal thicknesses were compared to normal tissues. Paraffin-embedded tissues of PN were obtained for immunohistochemical analysis to evaluate the involved cytokines. Results: Out of 30 patients, 6 had history of atopic dermatitis. Epidermal thickness and number of infiltrated inflammatory cells were significantly increased in the tissues of PN when compared to that of normal tissues. No remarkable changes were observed in dermal thicknesses. Upon immunohistochemical studies, stromal derived factor-1 α, thymic stromal lymphopoietin, interferon-gamma, IL-4, IL-13, IL-18, IL-31, and IL-33 were found to be increased. Conclusion: The key histologic change is epidermal acanthosis and various cytokines are increased in PN. Complex mechanisms may be involved in the process of acanthosis that may contribute to the pathogenesis of prurigo nodularis, in which further studies are needed.

P013 Atopic sensitization and contact hypersensitivity in nummular eczema

( Howard Chu ),( Jungsoo Lee ),( Kwang Hoon Lee ),( Chang Ook Park ) 대한피부과학회 2016 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.68 No.2

<div style="display:none">fiogf49gjkf0d</div><div style="display:none">fiogf49gjkf0d</div><div style="display:none">fiogf49gjkf0d</div><div style="display:none">fiogf49gjkf0d</div><div style="display:none">fiogf49gjkf0d</div><div style="display:none">fiogf49gjkf0d</div><div style="display:none">fiogf49gjkf0d</div> Background: The pathogenesis of nummular eczema has not been fully elucidated, but several factors, including atopic dermatitis (AD) and allergic contact dermatitis are known to be related. Studies of AD and contact hypersensitivity in nummular eczema are limited and their associations remain unclear. Objectives: To investigate the association of AD and contact hypersensitivity with nummular eczema Methods: 97 patients with nummular eczema were retrospectively reviewed. The results of the patch tests and the history of AD were analyzed. Results: Out of 97 patients, 44 patients were males and 53 were females. The mean age of the patients was 40.21. Patch test was postive in 59.79% of the patients and nickel (44.83%) was most commonly sensitized, followed by cobalt and thiomersal (17.24%). 67.01% of the patients had a history of AD, and those with atopic sensitization had a significantly higher total IgE levels than those without (452.52 and 71.34 kU/L). Patients without atopic sensitization had shown a higher positivity in patch tests (66.15%) compared to those with a history of AD(46.88%), although the difference was statistically insignificant. Conclusion: Patients with nummular eczema accompanied by atopic dermatitis had a less tendency to have allergic contact dermatitis. However, because contact hypersensitivity is commonly found in these patients, numerous adult patients with nummular eczema may be already sensitized to multiple allergens.

P014 What is the pathogenesis of red face syndrome in atopic dermatitis?

( Howard Chu ),( Hemin Lee ),( Jungsoo Lee ),( Chang Ook Park ),( Kwang Hoon Lee ) 대한피부과학회 2016 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.68 No.2

<div style="display:none">fiogf49gjkf0d</div><div style="display:none">fiogf49gjkf0d</div><div style="display:none">fiogf49gjkf0d</div><div style="display:none">fiogf49gjkf0d</div><div style="display:none">fiogf49gjkf0d</div><div style="display:none">fiogf49gjkf0d</div><div style="display:none">fiogf49gjkf0d</div> Background: Red face syndrome is a common feature of Asian atopic dermatitis (AD) patients, which is a therapeutic challenge due to lack of treatment responses. Studies have suggested the involvement of Pityrosporum ovale ( P. ovale) in the pathogenesis of AD, especially in red face syndrome, yet the underlying pathogenesis remains unclear. Objectives: To identify the cause and the underlying mechanisms of red face syndrome in AD Methods: Specific IgE levels of P. ovale were assessed in 312 patients diagnosed with AD. Also, skin microbiome and the number of dermal vessels were analyzed. Results: No remarkable difference was observed in microbiome, while sensitization to P. ovale and dermal vessels were found to be increased in patients with red face syndrome. The average age of the patients was 20.38, with 164 males and 148 females. Mean EASI scores in those sensitized to P. ovale was significantly higher than those unsensitized (21.9 and 12.8, p<0.001). The mean specific IgE level to P. ovale in the childhood group was 0.61, while that of adolescence and adulthood groups were 11.06 and 11.23, respectively, which were statistically significant (p<0.005). Patients with red face had significantly higher specific IgE levels. Conclusion: In patients with red face syndrome, sensitization to P. ovale is found to be increased. Further studies of the association of P. ovale with increased number of vessel formation is needed to elucidate the pathogenesis of red face syndrome in AD.

Intramuscular Hematoma Following Radial Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy for Chronic Neurogenic Heterotopic Ossification: A Case Report

Howard Kim,전지환,이동열,천지홍,조윤경,이성훈,강은영 대한재활의학회 2017 Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine Vol.41 No.3

Extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) has been reported to be a safe and effective method for decreasing pain and relieving range of motion (ROM) limitations caused by neurogenic heterotopic ossification (NHO), though there has been no report that it might cause hematoma if applied to NHO. We hereby report a case of massive hematoma after ESWT, specifically the radial shockwave therapy (RSWT) device at both hips in a 49-year-old female patient with NHO. She had developed NHO after extensive subarachnoid hemorrhage. We had applied RSWT according to the previous report. The pain and the ROM limitations were gradually improved. Six weeks later, she reported pain and ROM limitations on the right hip. From a medial aspect, swelling and bruising of the right thigh could be seen. Magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasonography suggested a large hematoma between right hip adductor muscles. The symptoms disappeared after conservative treatment for one month, and subsequent follow-up imaging studies demonstrated resolution of the hematoma.

A study of wind turbine power generation and turbine/tower interaction using large eddy simulation

Howard, R.J.A.,Pereira, J.C.F. Techno-Press 2006 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.9 No.2

Wind turbines are highly complex structures for numerical flow simulation. They normally comprise of a turbine mounted on a tower thus the movement of the turbine blades and the blade/tower interaction must be captured. In addition the ground effect should also be included. There are many more important features of wind turbines and it is difficult to include all of them. A simplified set of features is chosen here for both the turbine and the tower to show how the method can begin to identify the main points connected with wind turbine wake generation and tip vortex tower interaction. An approach to modelling the rotating blades of a turbine is proposed here. The model uses point forces based on blade element theory to model the blades and takes into account their time dependent motion. This means that local instantaneous velocities can be used as a basis for the blade element theory. The model is incorporated into a large eddy simulation code and, although many important features are left out of the model, the velocity/power performance relation is generally of the correct order of magnitude. Suggested improvements to the method are discussed.

Delayed Treatment of Generalized Morphea due to Misdiagnosis as Vitiligo at an Oriental Medical Clinic

( Howard Chu ),( Jae Won Lee ),( Young In Lee ),( Do Young Kim ) 대한피부과학회 2017 Annals of Dermatology Vol.29 No.5

The role of microneedle patch test in the diagnosis of atopic dermatitis

( Howard Chu ),( Ji Hye Kim ),( Seo Hyeong Kim ),( Hyeran Kim ),( Min Kyung Lee ),( Chang Ook Park ),( Kwang Hoon Lee ) 대한피부과학회 2017 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.69 No.2

Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a disease well-known to be associated with sensitization to housedust mite, and atopy patch test has been used evaluate the elicitation of atopic skin reactions. Microneedle patches allow the increased penetration of allergens with constant and controlled depth and amount. Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of the microneedle patch test in the diagnosis of sensitization to housedust mite in AD Methods: Atopic patch tests were performed by using Dermatophagoides farinae(D. farinae)-loaded microneedle patch and Finn chamber patch test in patients with AD, allergic rhinitis and normal subjects, and the results were compared and analyzed Results: No significant difference was observed between the positivity rate of microneedle patch and finn chamber patch in patients with AD. The positivity rate was significantly lower in patients with allergic rhinitis. No serious complications occurred. Conclusion: Microneedle patch may be a useful tool for atopy patch test confirming the elicitation of skin reactions after the exposure to housedust mite in AD. The amount of D. farinae required in microneedle patch is less than the amount used in Finn chamber, in which microneedle patch can be suggested as more efficient method for atopy patch test.

Clinical significance of animal dander in Korean atopic dermatitis patients

( Howard Chu ),( Min Kyung Lee ),( Kwang Hoon Lee ),( Chang Ook Park ) 대한피부과학회 2017 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.69 No.2

Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder characterized by sensitization to allergens. Increased specific IgE to animal dander is commonly found in AD patients, yet a thorough analysis of its clinical significance is lacking. Objectives: To identify the prevalence of AD patients sensitized to animal dander, and evaluate the clinical characteristics of these patients Methods: Of the patients diagnosed with AD at Dermatology Clinic, Severance Hospital, CAP immunoassay was performed to evaluate the sensitization to cat and dog. Patients’ age, sex, allergic comorbidities were obtained from the medical chart. The severity was assessed by EASI scores. Results: The mean age of the patients was 21.72. Those sensitized to cat were found to have a significantly higher total IgE (2371.68 and 1018.46 kU/L, p<0.01) and higher sensitization to Dermatophagoides farinae than those not sensitized (4.67 and 34.73 kU/L, p<0.01). Those sensitized to cat were found to have higher EASI scores than those not sensitized, although the difference was not significant. The number of allergic comorbidities, such as allergic rhinitis and asthma, were found to be higher in those sensitized to cat. Conclusion: Although the sensitization rate of cat is not as high as to housedust mite, it is associated with increased total IgE and increased severity, with higher number of allergic comorbidities. With increasing number of pets, the presence of these sensitizations should also be evaluated.