Ultra Fast Symmetry and SIMD-Based Projection-Backprojection (SSP) Algorithm for 3-D PET Image Reconstruction

Hong, I.K.,Chung, S.T.,Kim, H.K.,Kim, Y.B.,Son, Y.D.,Cho, Z.H. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 2007 IEEE transactions on medical imaging Vol.26 No.6

<P>Remarkable progress in positron emission tomography (PET) development has occurred in recent years, in hardware, software, and computer implementation of image reconstruction. Recent development in PET scanners such as the high-resolution research tomograph (HRRT) developed by CTI (now Siemens) represents such a case and is capable of greatly enhanced resolution as well as sensitivity. In these PET scanners, the amount of coincidence line data collected contains more than 4.5times10<SUP>9</SUP> coincidence lines of response generated by as many nuclear detectors as 120 000. This formidable amount of data and the reconstruction of this data set pose a real problem in HRRT and have also been of the major bottle neck in further developments of high resolution PET scanners as well as their applications. In these classes of PET scanners, therefore, obtaining one set of reconstructed images often requires many hours of image reconstruction. For example, in HRRT with full data collection in a normal brain scan (using SPAN 3), the image reconstruction time is close to 80 niin, making it practically impossible to attempt any list-mode-based dynamic imaging since the image reconstruction time would take many days (as much as 43 h or more for 32-frame dynamic image reconstruction). To remedy this data-handling problem in image reconstruction, we developed a new algorithm based on the symmetry properties of the projection and backprojection processes, especially in the 3-D OSEM algorithm where multiples of projection and back-projection are required. In addition, the single-instruction multiple-data (SIMD) technique also allowed us to successfully incorporate the symmetry properties mentioned above, thereby effectively reducing the total image reconstruction time to a few minutes. We refer to this technique as the symmetry and SIMD-based projection-backprojection (SSP) technique or algorithm and the details of the technique will be discussed and an example of the application of the technique to the HRRT's OSEM algorithm will be presented as a demonstration.</P>

해인사 고려대장경판 인경술(印經術)의 전통과 전승 연구

한홍익 ( Han¸ Hong-ik ) 동아시아불교문화학회 2021 동아시아불교문화 Vol.- No.47

해인사 수다라장(修多羅藏)과 법보전(法寶殿)에 소장된 고려대장경판의 인경은 매우 복잡한 절차와 과정을 거쳐야 한다. 쉽게 추진될 수 없는 대작불사(大作佛事)이다. 해인사에서 마지막으로 행한 공식적인 인경은 지난 1968년 12월로서 이때 대장경판 전체를 13질(帙)을 인경하였다. 현재 인경에 대한 방법과 도구 등은 해인사와 특정인에 의해 전승되고 있지만, 매우 특이하고 귀중한 무형유산이라 할 수 있다. 해인사에 전승되어 온 대장경판 인경에 대해 그 역사성과 인경 방법 및 그 과정에 대해 본 연구에서는 다음과 같이 살펴보았다. 제Ⅱ장에서는 해인사 고려대장경판 인경술의 전통과 고유성에 대해 정리하였다. 인경 방법 및 도구 등에 대한 기록이 전해지거나 그 과정을 정리한 바가 없었기 때문에 해인사에 전승되어 온 인경술을 중심으로 준비물, 준비 과정, 절차, 방법 등을 항목별로 구분하여 정리하였다. 인경불사에 참여한 인경공(印經工)의 구술과 인경 과정을 찍은 사진을 같이 제시하여 인경술 기록을 체계화 하는데 노력하였다. 그리고 해인사 인경 불사의 역사성과 독창성을 보다 다각도로 파악하기 위해 일본과 중국에서 실시되고 있는 목판 인경 방법을 상호 비교·검토하였다. 『고려대장경』 인경 방법과 도구 등에 대해서는 현재 해인사 사하촌에 거주하는 인경공 사이에 전해오는 내용을 구술로 정리하였다. 인경 방법과 그 과정은 글로서 표현하는데 한계가 있으므로, 해인사에서 소장하고 있는 사진을 적극 활용하여 그 내용을 이해할 수 있도록 하였다. 제Ⅲ장에서는 해인사 고려대장경판 인경술의 전승과 기록화에 대해 살펴보았다. 해인사 『고려대장경』 인경술의 독창성을 이해하기 위해 일본과 중국의 인경 방법을 비교하면서 일본과 중국의 인경 관련 자료는 현지 방문 및 전문가 도움을 통해 확보하였다. 이를 통해 지난 700여 년간 해인사에서 전승되어 온 고려대장경판 인경술의 전통과 고유성, 인경 방법 및 도구, 전승에 대해 구체적이고 체계적으로 이해할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. In-gyeong(woodblock printings), one of the Buddhist services, requires very complicated processes and procedures from the Tripitaka Koreana stored in Sudarajang and Beoppojeon of Haeinsa Temple. Therefore it isn’t an easy buddhist service. The last official In-gyeong was implemented in Haeinsa, in December, 1968. At that time, the 13th print edition was completed of the entire Tripitaka Koreana. Currently, methods and tools of In-gyeong have been handed down by Haeinsa and specific people, which is why it is so unique and precious intangible asset. This study is about historical value, method, and process of In-gyeong passed down by Haeinsa. Especially, this study focuses on as follows; in Chapter II summarizes the tradition and uniqueness of In-gyeong sul(Woodblock printings Techniques) in the Tripitaka Koreana of Haeinsa Temple. ince records of Ingyeong methods and tools were handed down or the process was not organized, preparations, procedures, and methods were classified by category, focusing on Ingyeong techniques that have been handed down to Haeinsa Temple. He tried to systematize the records of In-gyeong by presenting pictures of the oral and In-gyeong processes of In-gyeong Buddhist temples in the past. In addition, in order to understand the historical and originality of the In-gyeong Buddhist work in Haeinsa Temple from a more diverse perspective, the woodblock In-gyeong method conducted in Japan and China was compared and reviewed. Regarding In-gyeong’s methods and tools of the Tripitaka Koreana, experts' oral tradition has been documented in Haeinsa Sahachon. As there is a limit to document In-gyeong’s methods and processes, In-gyeong related pictures of Haeinsa have been used for better understanding. in Chapter Ⅲ examines the transmission and documentation of In-gyeongsul in the Goryeo Daejanggyeong Plate of Haeinsa Temple. In order to understand the originality of In-gyeongsul, Haeinsa Temple, the Korean Tripitaka Koreana, we compared Japanese and Chinese in-gyeong methods, and obtained materials related to Japanese and Chinese in-gyeong through local visits and expert help. Through this, it is expected to be able to understand concretely and systematically the traditions, uniqueness, methods, tools, and transmission of the Goryeo Daejanggyeong Plate, In-gyeongsul, which have been handed down in Haeinsa Temple over the past 700 years.

DMZ 평화공간계획_홍익대학교 건축대학 60주년

홍익대 건축대학(Hongik University School of Ar) 현대건축사 2014 월간 CONCEPT Vol.- No.184

스트레스 모니터링을 위한 웨어러블 장치로부터의 심박수 측정 데이터 교차 검증 및 유사도 분석

이홍익(Hongik Lee),김웅기(Woonggy Kim),성민영(Minyoung Sung) 한국소음진동공학회 2017 한국소음진동공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2017 No.4

Lee Jong-sang’s Endless Quest for the Origins of Form

Kim Bok-yeong Art Critic / Professor, Hongik University The Korea Foundation 2007 Koreana (English) Vol.21 No.3

Effects of a gintonin-enriched fraction on hair growth: an in vitro and in vivo study

이나은,Sang-Deuk Park,Hongik Hwang,최선혜,이라미,Sung Min Nam,Jong Hee Choi,Hyewhon Rhim,조익현,Hyoung-Chun Kim,황성희,나승열 고려인삼학회 2020 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.44 No.1

Background: Ginseng has been widely used as a health-promoting tonic. Gintonin present in ginseng actsas a lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptor ligand that activates six LPA receptor subtypes. The LPA6subtype plays a key role in normal hair growth, and mutations in the LPA6 receptor impair normalhuman hair growth. Currently, human hair loss and alopecia are concerning issues that affect peoples’social and day-to-day lives. Objective: We investigated the in vitro and in vivo effects of a gintonin-enriched fraction (GEF) on mousehair growth. Methods: Human hair follicle dermal papilla cells (HFDPCs) and six-week-old male C57BL/6 mice wereused. The mice were divided into the four groups: control, 1% minoxidil, 0.75% GEF, and 1.5% GEF. Thedorsal hair was removed to synchronize the telogen phase. Each group was treated topically, once a day,for 15 days. We analyzed hair growth activity and histological changes. Results: GEF induced transient [Ca2þ]i, which stimulated HFDPC proliferation and caused 5-bromo-20-deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation in a concentration-dependent manner. GEF-mediated HFDPC proliferationwas blocked by the LPA receptor antagonist and Ca2þ chelator. HFDPC treatment with GEFstimulated vascular endothelial growth factor release. Topical application of GEF and minoxidil promotedhair growth in a dose-dependent manner. Histological analysis showed that GEF and minoxidil increasedthe number of hair follicles and hair weight. Conclusion: Topical application of GEF promotes mouse hair growth through HFDPC proliferation. GEFcould be one of the main components of ginseng that promote hair growth and could be used to treathuman alopecia.

침도 치료로 호전된 길랑-바레 증후군 환자 치험례

Sun Teh Cheng,Kim Hongik,Oh Kichang 대한침도의학회 2023 대한침도의학회지 Vol.7 No.1

Background: The aim of this report is to report the effect of Acupotomy on Guillain-Barre Syndrome. Methods: A 38-year-old male patient was diagnosed with Guillain-Barre syndrome and complained of facial paralysis, weakness in the legs, pain in the back of the neck, headaches, and dizziness. This patient received acupotomy treatment on the suboccipital muscles and T5 spinous process inferior part. Results: After five sessions of acupotomy treatment from March 10th to April 3rd, the patient’s facial paralysis improved to the point where there was no problem with facial expressions. The Y-score also improved from a total score of 20 to 40. In addition, the MMT index for weakness in the legs improved from 4 to 5, and the patient’s other symptoms also improved. The NRS for headaches and other symptoms decreased from 8 to 3, remaining only mild. Conclusion: This study suggests that acupotomy treatment may be effective in alleviating limb weakness, facial paralysis, headaches, and other pains in patients with Guillain-Barre syndrome.

Gintonin Attenuates D-Galactose-Induced Hippocampal Senescence by Improving Long-Term Hippocampal Potentiation, Neurogenesis, and Cognitive Functions

Nam, Sung Min,Hwang, Hongik,Seo, Misun,Chang, Byung-Joon,Kim, Hyeon-Joong,Choi, Sun-Hye,Rhim, Hyewhon,Kim, Hyoung-Chun,Cho, Ik-Hyun,Nah, Seung-Yeol S. Karger AG 2018 Gerontology Vol.64 No.6

<P><B><I>Background:</I></B> Ginseng has been used to improve brain function and increase longevity. However, little is known about the ingredients of ginseng and molecular mechanisms of its anti-brain aging effects. Gintonin is a novel exogenous ginseng-derived lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptor ligand; LPA and LPA1 receptors are involved in adult hippocampal neurogenesis. D-galactose (D-gal) is used to induce brain ­aging in animal models because long-term treatment with D-gal facilitates hippocampal aging in experimental adult animals by decreasing hippocampal neurogenesis and inducing learning and memory dysfunction. <B><I>Objective:</I></B> To investigate the protective effects of gintonin on D-gal-induced hippocampal senescence, impairment of long-term potentiation (LTP), and memory dysfunction. <B><I>Methods:</I></B> Brain hippocampal aging was induced by D-gal administration (150 mg/kg/day, s.c.; 10 weeks). From the 7th week, gintonin (50 or 100 mg/kg/day, per os) was co-administered with D-gal for 4 weeks. We performed histological analyses, LTP measurements, and object location test. <B><I>Results:</I></B> Co-administration of gintonin ameliorated D-gal-induced reductions in hippocampal Ki67-immunoreactive proliferating cells, doublecortin-immunoreactive neuroblasts, 5-bromo-2’-deoxyuridine-incorporating NeuN-immunoreactive mature neurons, and LPA1 receptor expression. Co-administration of gintonin in D-gal-treated mice increased the expression of phosphorylated cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein in the hippocampal dentate gyrus. In addition, co-administration of gintonin in D-gal-treated mice enhanced LTP and restored the cognitive functions compared with those in mice treated with D-gal only. <B><I>Conclusion:</I></B> These results show that gintonin administration restores D-gal-induced memory deficits by enhancing hippocampal LPA1 receptor expression, LTP, and neurogenesis. Finally, the present study shows that gintonin exerts anti-brain aging effects that are responsible for alleviating brain aging-related dysfunction.</P>

Gintonin stimulates autophagic flux in primary cortical astrocytes

Rahman, Md. Ataur,Hwang, Hongik,Nah, Seung-Yeol,Rhim, Hyewhon The Korean Society of Ginseng 2020 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.44 No.1

Background: Gintonin (GT), a novel ginseng-derived exogenous ligand of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptors, has been shown to induce cell proliferation and migration in the hippocampus, regulate calcium-dependent ion channels in the astrocytes, and reduce β-amyloid plaque in the brain. However, whether GT influences autophagy in cortical astrocytes is not yet investigated. Methods: We examined the effect of GT on autophagy in primary cortical astrocytes using immunoblot and immunocytochemistry assays. Suppression of specific proteins was performed via siRNA. LC3 puncta was determined using confocal microscopy. Results: GT strongly upregulated autophagy marker LC3 by a concentration- as well as time-dependent manner via G protein-coupled LPA receptors. GT-induced autophagy was further confirmed by the formation of LC3 puncta. Interestingly, on pretreatment with an mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor, rapamycin, GT further enhanced LC3-II and LC3 puncta expression. However, GT-induced autophagy was significantly attenuated by inhibition of autophagy by 3-methyladenine and knockdown Beclin-1, Atg5, and Atg7 gene expression. Importantly, when pretreated with a lysosomotropic agent, E-64d/peps A or bafilomycin A1, GT significantly increased the levels of LC3-II along with the formation of LC3 puncta. In addition, GT treatment enhanced autophagic flux, which led to an increase in lysosome-associated membrane protein 1 and degradation of ubiquitinated p62/SQSTM1. Conclusion: GT induces autophagy via mTOR-mediated pathway and elevates autophagic flux. This study demonstrates that GT can be used as an autophagy-inducing agent in cortical astrocytes.

쇄골상신경(Supraclavicular Nerve) 포착 증후군의 침도 치료에 대한 증례보고

Park Jonghwa,Kim Hongik 대한침도의학회 2023 대한침도의학회지 Vol.7 No.2

Background: The purpose of the study is to report the effectiveness of acupotomy on lin- gering frontal and lateral shoulder pain. Supraclavicular nerve entrapment is one of the representative diseases at the clinic, but there was no report in Korea and there were only a few of reports in western medicine. Methods: Two patients with persisting frontal and lateral shoulder pain was treated with acupotomy. The treatment effect was evaluated using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS). Results: The NRS score of a patient improved from 7 to 2, and another patient improved from 9 to 1.5. Conclusion: Acupotomy could be effective on Supraclavicular nerve entrapment.