Factors that Influence the Presciption of Antipsychotics for Patients with Schizophrenia in China

Tian-Mei Si,Liang Shu,Ke-Qing Li,Xie-He Liu,Qi-Yi Mei,Gao-Hua Wang,Pei-Shen Bai,Li-Ping Ji,Xian-Sheng Chen,Cui Ma,Jian-Guo Shi,Hong-Yan Zhang,Hong Ma,Xin Yu 대한정신약물학회 2011 CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE Vol.9 No.3

Objective: To investigate the patterns of antipsychotic use in China and to analyze the factors that influence antipsychotic prescriptions. Methods: A standardized survey was conducted from May 20 to 24 2002 in five different regions of China with varying economic levels. The patterns of antipsychotic medication use were analyzed in a sample of 4,779 patients with schizophrenia. The survey gathered information on demographic characteristics, clinical profiles, and antipsychotic medications prescribed. Multiple logistic regression was used to analyze factors related to patterns of antipsychotic medication use. Results: A plurality of patients with schizophrenia was treated with clozapine (39%); this was followed by risperidone, sulpride,chlorpromazine, perphenazine, and haloperidol. More than 56.3% of patients were treated with only one atypical antipsychotic. The mean daily dose of chlorpromazine was 365±253 mg (mean±standard deviation), and 6.5% of patients were treated with depot injections of typical antipsychotic medications. A total of 73.7% (n=3,523) of patients with schizophrenia received monotherapy,24.8% (n=1,183) received two antipsychotics, 1.1% (n=52) received three antipsychotics, and one received four different antipsychotics. Patients often simultaneously received other classes of medications including anticholinergic agents, benzodiazepines,β-blockers, antidepressants, and mood stabilizers. Economic status and clinical symptoms were the main factors that contributed to the patterns of antipsychotic prescription. Conclusion: The present study suggests that atypical antipsychotic medications, especially clozapine, are the primary psychiatric treatments of choice in the management of schizophrenia in China. Moreover, the economic status and clinical profile of the patient are the major factors affecting the prescription of antipsychotic medication.

Use of Clozapine for the Treatment of Schizophrenia: Findings of the 2006 Research on the China Psychotropic Prescription Studies

Tian-Mei Si,Yun-shu Zhang,Liang Shu,Ke-Qing Li,Xie-He Liu,Qi-Yi Mei,Gao-Hua Wang,Pei-Shen Bai,Li-Ping Ji,Xian-Sheng Cheng,Cui Ma,Jian-Guo Shi,Hong-Yan Zhang,Hong Ma,Xin Yu 대한정신약물학회 2012 CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE Vol.10 No.2

Objective: Clozapine is one of the most commonly used antipsychotic drugs in China. To date, few studies have investigated the patterns the prescription of clozapine nationwide. The present study examined these patterns in China in 2006 and identified the demographic and clinical characteristics associated with the use of clozapine. Methods: Using a standardized protocol and data collection procedure, we surveyed 5,898 patients with schizophrenia in 10provinces with differing levels of economic development. Results: Overall, clozapine had been prescribed for 31.9% (n=1,883) of the patients; however we found considerable variation among the 10 provinces. The frequency of clozapine use was highest in Sichuan (39.3%) and lowest in Beijing (17.3%). The mean daily dose of clozapine was 210.36±128.72 mg/day, and 25.1% of the patients were treated with clozapine in combination with other antipsychotics. Compared with the group not receiving clozapine, clozapine-user had been treated for longer durations and had experienced a greater number of relapses and hospitalizations. Furthermore, those in the clozapine-user had lower family incomes, were less able to seek psychiatric services, and more likely to be male and have a positive family history of schizophrenia. A multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that age, sex, professional help-seeking behaviors, duration of illness, economic status, educational level, and clinical manifestations were associated with the use of clozapine. Conclusion: Clozapine use is common in China. However, use of the antipsychotic varies among provinces, and demographic and clinical factors play important roles in the prescription of clozapine.

Enzymatic synthesis of novel isobavachalcone glucosides via a UDP-glycosyltransferase

Hong-Mei Li,이재경,Li-Juan Nie,Qiang Huo,Tao Ma,송재경,홍영수,Cheng-Zhu Wu 대한약학회 2015 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.38 No.12

Glycosylation is often used to improve a natural product’s properties such as water solubility, chemical stability, pharmacological potency, and structure diversification. In this study, we studied the enzymatic synthesis of novel isobavachalcone glucosides using a UDP-glycosyltransferase (YjiC) from Bacillus licheniformis DSM-13. The chemical structures of compounds 1 and 2 were elucidated by spectroscopic techniques, including LC–MS, MS, and NMR. Meanwhile, the parameters of glycosylation reaction such as incubation time, UDP-glucose concentration, and pH of buffer were also optimized during this study. Furthermore, the compounds 1 and 2 exhibited weak anti-proliferative activities against five human cancer cell lines, with IC50 values ranging from 58.6 to 86.6 lM.

A new dimeric neolignan from Magnolia grandiflora L. seeds

Hong-Mei Li,홍영수,Cheng-Zhu Wu,Su-Rong Zhao,Qiang Huo,Tao Ma,Hao Liu,이재경 대한약학회 2015 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.38 No.6

Bioassay-guided fractionation of the MeOHextract of Magnolia grandiflora seeds resulted in the isolationof a new dimeric neolignan, named bishonokiol A(1), as well as two known neolignans magnolol (2) andhonokiol (3). The structures of the compounds weredetermined on the basis of data obtained using NMR andMS. Bishonokiol A (1) showed potent anti-proliferativeactivities in four human cancer cell lines, with IC50 valuesranging from 5.1 to 7.5 lM. Additionally, bishonokiol A(1) induced apoptosis, as well as down-regulated theexpression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and caspase-3 cleavage in HepG2 cell line.

Morphological, Phylogenetic and Biological Characteristics of Ectropis obliqua Single-Nucleocapsid Nucleopolyhedrovirus

Ma Xiu-cui,Xu Hai-Jun,Tang Mei-Jun,Xiao Qiang,Hong Jian,Zhang Chuan-Xi The Microbiological Society of Korea 2006 The journal of microbiology Vol.44 No.1

The tea looper caterpillar, Ectropis obliqua, is one of the major pests of tea bushes. E. obliqua single-nucleocapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (EcobSNPV) has been used as a commercial pesticide for biocontrol of this insect. However only limited genetic analysis for this important virus has been done up to now. EcobSNPV was characterized in this study. Electron microscopy analysis of the occlusion body showed polyhedra of 0.7 to $1.7\;{\mu}m$ in diameter containing a single nucleocapsid per envelope of the virion. A 15.5 kb genomic fragment containing EcoRI-L, EcoRI-N and HindIII-F fragments, was sequenced. Analysis of the sequence revealed that the fragment contained eleven potential open reading frames (ORFs): lef-1, egt, 38.7k, rrl, polyhedrin, orfl629, pk-1, hoar and homologues to Spodoptera exigua multicapsid NPV (SeMNPV) ORFs 15, 28, and 29. Gene arrangement and phylogeny analysis suggest that EcobSNPV is closely related to the previously described Group II NPV. Bioassays on lethal concentration $(LC_{50}\;and\;LC_{90})$ and lethal time $(LT_{50}\;and\;LT({90})$ were conducted to test the susceptibility of E. obliqua larvae to the virus.

한국 문인들의 陳與義시가의 수용 양상연구

馬金科(Ma Jin Ke),譚紅梅(Tan Hong Mei) 동악어문학회 2010 동악어문학 Vol.55 No.-

陳與義는 江西詩派의 3대 대표 시인 중 한 사람으로서, 그의 시는 강서시파가 고려와 조선에 수용되는데 일정한 영향을 미쳤다. 한국 고대 시인들이 진여의의 시를 수용하는 양상은 그 특수한 언어 환경으로 말미암아 중국과는 다른 면모를 보일 수밖에 없었다. 우선 수용 과정이 달랐다. 한 예로 그의 詩句를 그대로 인용하여 시를 짓는 경향을 보인다. 실제로 한국 시학은 진여의 시가의 수용과정에서 그의 두시 시학에 대한 역사적 답습을 매우 중시하였다. 아울러 그가 韓愈, 黃庭堅, 陳師道및 기타 시인들을 따라 배운 점에 유의하여 시법의 측면에서 적지 않은 관심을 보였다. 또한 조선조 문인들은 그의 시창작에 대하여 다각적인 평가를 하는데 역점을 두었다. 이는 조선조 문인들이 杜詩의 전승 역사를 매우 중시한 결과로 판단된다. 그와 동시에 한유 등의 영향을 놓치지 않고 추적하기도 하였다. 이런 점은 중국 시학 연구 분야에서도 충분한 관심을 보이지 않은 실정이어서 조선조 문인들의 중국 시인들에 대한 관심을 폭을 이해케 한다. 마지막으로 시기에 따라 진여의에 대한 평가가 엇갈리고 개별 시편에 대해서는 판이한 결론이 내려진 점도 흥미롭다. Jin Yeo-Oui(陳與義) was one of 3 representative poets in Gang-Seo Poem circle(江西詩派), and his poetry influenced on his poem circle's transmission and acceptance in Goryeo and Joseon Dynasties in certain degree. The appearance that Korean ancient poets accepted his poetry was different from Chinese' acceptance way causing from Korea's special language environment, First, both nation's acceptance ways was different. For instance, Korean literary tended to write their poets by directly citing his verses. In fact, Korean poetics considered Jin Yeo-Oui's historical following Tu Fu(杜甫)'s poetics in his poetry as very important one during their course accepting his poetry. Besides, anxious about his learning from other poets like Han Yu(韓愈), Hwang Jeong-Gyeon(黃庭堅), Jin Sha-Do(陳師道) and others, they had much interest in his poetry in aspect of prosody. Also, Joseon literary people focused on multilateral evaluation on his poet creation. This is judged as the result from the fact that they considered Tu Fu(杜甫)'s poetry's transmission history very importantly. At the same time, they tracked down some influences of other poets like Han Yu. Such features were shown because there wasn't enough interest in poetics study in China, so it is understood that Joseon literary had a broad interest of Chinese poets. Finally, it is also interested that the evaluations on Jin Yeo-Oui's works were very opposite varying to ages, and his individual poet got absolutely different assessments.

Expression and Effects of JMJD2A Histone Demethylase in Endometrial Carcinoma

Wang, Hong-Li,Liu, Mei-Mei,Ma, Xin,Fang, Lei,Zhang, Zong-Feng,Song, Tie-Fang,Gao, Jia-Yin,Kuang, Ye,Jiang, Jing,Li, Lin,Wang, Yang-Yang,Li, Pei-Ling Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.7

Previous studies have demonstrated that JMJD2A is a potential oncogene and is overexpressed in human tumors. However, its role in the endometrial carcinoma remains largely unknown. In this study, we discovered that JMJD2A was overexpressed in endometrial carcinoma, using immunohistochemistry, quantitative realtime polymerase chain reaction, and western blotting. Downregulation of JMJD2A led to reduced endometrial carcinoma RL95-2 and ISK cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis as asessed with cell counting kit-8, cell migration and invasive assays. Collectively, our results support that JMJD2A is a promoter of endometrial carcinoma cell proliferation and survival, and is a potential novel drug target.

Novel SNPs in the bovine Transmembrane protein 18 gene, their linkage and their associations with growth traits in Nanyang cattle

Wei Ma,Yun Ma,Dong Liu,Yuan Gao,Xiao-mei Sun,Ai-min Li,Chun-lei Zhang,Hong Chen 한국유전학회 2012 Genes & Genomics Vol.34 No.6

Transmembrane protein 18 (TMEM18) gene is expressed in the central nervous system that has recently been linked to human obesity and body mass index (BMI) in genome wide association studies (GWAS). In this study, two novel single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), g.3835 G > A (aa. Gly >Ser) and g.3865 A > G were detected in cattle TMEM18 gene by DNA sequencing. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and forced PCR-RFLP methods were used to genotype the two SNPs in 1218 Chinese native cattle individuals. The association between novel SNPs and growth traits (especially on body weight and body height) in Nanyang cattle showed that individuals with GG genotype was higher than those with AA genotype at g.3835G>A locus (P < 0.05) in Nanyang cattle. Significant association also revealed that individuals of AA genotype at g. 3865 A>G locus were higher in terms of body weight, average daily gain, chest circunmference, body length (P < 0.05), body height and hucklebone width (P < 0.01) than GG genotypes in Nanyang cattle. Moreover, the effect of XspI-MluI combinations with growth traits in Nanyang cattle revealed that AAGG type had higher body weight, body length, chest circumference and average daily gain (P < 0.05)than GGAG in Nanyang cattle aged at 6 months.

Association of Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and -9 Expression with Extra-gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor Metastasis

Wang, Chao,Ma, Hong-Xi,Jin, Mei-Shan,Zou, Ya-Bin,Teng, Yong-Liang,Tian, Zhuang,Wang, Hai-Ying,Wang, Yin-Ping,Duan, Xiu-Mei Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.10

Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 are important proteases involved in invasion and metastasis of various tumors. Extra-gastrointestinal stromal tumors (EGISTs) are rare neoplasms. This study was performed to assess MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression in EGIST tissue samples for association with clinicopathological data from the patients. Twenty-one surgical EGIST tissue specimens were collected for analysis of MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression using immunohistochemistry. MMP-2 and MMP-9 proteins were expressed in all of the epithelial cell types of EGISTs, whereas they were only expressed in 75% of the spindle cell type, although there was no statistically significant difference (p>0.05). Expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 proteins was associated with tumor size, mitotic rate, tumor necrosis, and distant metastasis (p<0.05). MMP-2 expression was linked with MMP-9 levels (p<0.05). However, there was no correlation between MMP-9 expression and age, sex, primary site, or cell morphology in any of these 21 EGIST patients (p>0.05). Moreover, expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 proteins increased with the degree of EGIST risk. This study provided evidence of an association of MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression with advanced EGIST behavior.

Biosynthesis of Novel Glucosides Geldanamycin Analogs by Enzymatic Synthesis

( Qiang Huo ),( Hong Mei Li ),( Jae Kyoung Lee ),( Jing Li ),( Tao Ma ),( Xin Yu Zhang ),( Yi Qun Dai ),( Young Soo Hong ),( Cheng Zhu Wu ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2016 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.26 No.1

Two new glucosides (1 and 2) of geldanamycin (GA) analogs were obtained from in vitro glycosylation by UDP-glycosyltransferase (YjiC). Based on spectroscopic (HR-ESI-MS, 1D, and 2D-NMR) analyses, the glucosides were elucidated as 4,5-dihydro-7-O-descarbamoyl-7- hydroxyl GA-7-O-β-D-glucoside (1) and ACDL3172-18-O-β-D-glucoside (2). Furthermore, the water solubility of compounds 1 and 2 was about 215.2 and 90.7 times higher respectively, than that of the substrates. Among compounds 1-4, only 3 showed weak antiproliferative activity against four human tumor cell lines: MDA-MB-231, SMMC7721, HepG2, and SW480 (IC50: 13.6, 15.1, 31.8, and 22.7 μM, respectively).