Pathology of Peripheral Neuroblastic Tumors

Hiroyuki Shimada,Hideki Sano,Florette K. Hazard 대한소아혈액종양학회 2020 Clinical Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Vol.27 No.2

Peripheral neuroblastic tumors (pNTs including Neuroblastoma, Ganglioneuroblastoma and Ganglioneuroma) are biologically and clinically heterogeneous. In order to develop efficient clinical treatment protocols of this disease, patients are stratified into different risk groups based on the combination of so-called prognostic factors. In this review, the prognostic factors are classified as clinically defined (Clinical staging and Age at diagnosis), histopathologically defined [International Neuroblastoma Pathology Classification (INPC) distinguishing Favorable Histology (FH) Group and Unfavorable Histology (UH) Group] and genetically/molecularly defined [MYCN oncogene amplification, DNA index, Segmental chromosomal aberrations, ALK (Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase) mutation/amplification and Abnormal maintenance/elongation of telomeres], are outlined. According to the Children’s Oncology Group (COG) Neuroblastoma studies, the survival rate of patients in low- or intermediate-risk group is more than 90%. In contrast, the survival rate of patients in the high-risk group remains less than 50% despite currently available high-intensity and multimodal therapy. As described in the genetically/molecularly defined prognostic factors, tumors in the high-risk group, majority of which are classified into the UH group according to the INPC, are molecularly heterogeneous. Based on the recent progress of precision medicine along with our correlative analyses between molecular alterations and their morphological manifestations, four subgroups; i.e., MYC subgroup, TERT subgroup, ALT subgroup and Null subgroup, are identified immunohistochemically in the UH group for future management of the patients with this unique d isease.

Oral Session : Non-pharmacological Therapy for Older Adults: Physical Activity, Cognitive Activation, and Brain Health

( Hiroyuki Shimada ) 한국체육학회 2013 In Pursuit of Evidence-Based Sport and Exercise Sc Vol.0 No.-

Therapeutic significance of full lymphadenectomy in early-stage ovarian clear cell carcinoma

Hiroyuki Yamazaki,Yukiharu Todo,Chisa Shimada,Sho Takeshita,Shinichiro Minobe,Kazuhira Okamoto,Katsushige Yamashiro,Hidenori Kato 대한부인종양학회 2018 Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Vol.29 No.2

Objectives: This study evaluated the therapeutic significance of full lymphadenectomy in early-stage ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC). Methods: We retrospectively reviewed records of 127 consecutive patients with pT1/pT2 and M0 OCCC who were treated between January 1995 and December 2015. We compared survival outcomes between those who did and did not undergo para-aortic lymph node dissection (PAND), and analyzed independent prognostic factors (Cox proportional hazards model with backward stepwise elimination). Results: Of the 127 patients, 36 (28%) did not undergo lymphadenectomy; 12 (10%) patients underwent pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) only; and 79 (62%) patients underwent both PLND and PAND. Of the 91 patients with lymphadenectomy, 11 (12%) had lymph node metastasis (LNM). The PAND− and PAND+ groups did not significantly differ in age, distribution of pT status, radiologically enlarged lymph nodes, positive peritoneal cytology, capsule rupture, peritoneal involvement, and combined chemotherapy. Cox regression multivariate analysis confirmed that older age (hazard ratio [HR]=2.1; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.0–4.3), LNM (HR=4.4; 95% CI=1.7–11.6), and positive peritoneal cytology (HR=4.2; 95% CI=2.1–8.4) were significantly and independently related to poor disease-specific survival (DSS), but implementation of both PLND and PAND (HR=0.4; 95% CI=0.2–0.8) were significantly and independently related to longer DSS. Conclusion: Although few in number, there are some patients with early-stage OCCC who can benefit from full lymphadenectomy. Its therapeutic role should be continuously investigated in OCCC patients at potential risk of LNM.

Long-term survival of patients with recurrent endometrial stromal sarcoma: a multicenter, observational study

Hiroyuki Yamazaki,Yukiharu Todo,Kenrokuro Mitsube,Hitoshi Hareyama,Chisa Shimada,Hidenori Kato,Katsushige Yamashiro 대한부인종양학회 2015 Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Vol.26 No.3

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical behavior and management outcome of recurrent endometrial stromal sarcoma (ESS). Methods: A retrospective review of charts of 10 patients with recurrent ESS was performed and relapse-free interval, relapse site, treatment, response to treatment, duration of follow-up and clinical outcome extracted. Survival outcome measures used were post-relapse survival which was defined as the time from first evidence of relapse to death from any cause. Living patients were censored at the date of last follow-up. Results: The median age and median relapse-free interval at the time of initial relapse were 51.5 years and 66.5 months, respectively. The number of relapses ranged from one to five. Sixteen surgical procedures for recurrent disease included nine (56.0%) complete resections. There was no statistically significant difference between initial recurrent tumors and second/ subsequent recurrent tumors in the rate of complete surgery (44.4% vs. 71.4%, respectively, p=0.36). Of the eleven evaluable occasions when hormonal therapy was used for recurrent disease, disease control was achieved in eight (72.7%). There was no difference between initial recurrent tumors and second/subsequent recurrent tumors in disease control rate by hormonal therapy (85.7% vs. 50.0%, respectively, p=0.49). The 10-year post-relapse survival rate was 90.0% and the overall median postrelapse survival 119 months (range, 7 to 216 months). Conclusion: Post-relapse survival of patients with ESS can be expected to be >10 years when treated by repeated surgical resection and hormonal therapy or both.

Occurrence of vertebral fracture more closely associated with decreased anteroposterior than lateral lumbar bone mineral density

Hiroyuki Tsuchie,Naohisa Miyakoshi,Yuji Kasukawa,Tomio Nishi,Hidekazu Abe,Toyohito Segawa,Yoichi Shimada 대한골다공증학회 2016 Osteoporosis and Sarcopenia Vol.2 No.1

Objectives: While it has been pointed out that an anteroposterior (AP) view of the lumbar spine may lead to overestimation of the bone mineral density (BMD), a lateral view is expected lead to the early detection of BMD loss on scanning cancellous bone. Vertebral fracture is often seen in aged osteoporotic patients, and it is important to prevent this fracture. Therefore, we aimed to identify the optimal site for BMD measurement to assess the risk of vertebral fracture. Methods: Forty-seven female patients with fresh osteoporotic vertebral fracture and BMD measurements were included in this study (Fracture group). As a non-fractured control group, 218 female patients with BMD measurements were enrolled (Control group). We compared BMD values based on AP and lateral views of the lumbar spine from L2 to L4 and the femoral neck. With a lateral view of the lumbar spine, we measured both the total vertebral body and vertebral body center, mainly composed of cancellous bone. Results: BMD of the AP lumbar spine in the Fracture group was significantly lower than in the Control group (P < 0.05). In the subanalyses for comparisons between age-matched fracture and control groups, BMD of only the AP lumbar spine in the Fracture group was significantly lower than in the Control group (P < 0.01). Conclusions: AP lumbar spine BMD is optimal for assessing vertebral fracture occurrence. © 2016 The Korean Society of Osteoporosis. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

Clinical outcomes of total shoulder arthroplasty for primary osteoarthritis

Yohei Shimada,Sugaya Hiroyuki,Takahashi Norimasa,Matsuki Keisuke,Tokai Morito 대한견주관절의학회 2019 대한견주관절학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2019 No.3

An attempt to establish real-world databases of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors for advanced or recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer: the Japanese Gynecologic Oncology Group

Muneaki Shimada,Kosuke Yoshihara,Terumi Tanigawa,Hiroyuki Nomura,Junzo Hamanishi,Satoe Fujiwara,Hiroshi Tanabe,Hiroaki Kajiyama,Masaki Mandai,Daisuke Aoki,Takayuki Enomoto,Aikou Okamoto 대한부인종양학회 2023 Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Vol.34 No.3

The development of new treatments for gynecological malignancies has been conducted mainly through collaborative international phase III trials led by the United States and Europe. The survival outcomes of many gynecological malignancies have greatly improved as a result. Recent large-scale genome-wide association studies have revealed that drug efficacy and adverse event profiles are not always uniform. Thus, it is important to validate new treatment options in each country to safely and efficiently provide newly developed treatment options to patients with gynecological malignancies. The Japanese Gynecologic Oncology Group (JGOG) is conducting 5 cohort studies (JGOG 3026, 3027, 3028, 3030, and 3031) to establish real-world data (RWD) of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor use in patients with advanced or recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer. The RWD constructed will be used to provide newly developed PARP inhibitors for women with advanced or recurrent ovarian cancer in a safer and more efficient manner as well as to develop further treatment options. In 2022, The JGOG, Korean Gynecologic Oncology Group, Chinese Gynecologic Cancer Society, and Taiwanese Gynecologic Oncology Group established the East Asian Gynecologic Oncology Trial Group to collaborate with East Asian countries in clinical research on gynecologic malignancies and disseminate new knowledge on gynecologic malignancies from Asia. The JGOG will conduct a collaborative integrated analysis of the RWD generated from Asian countries and disseminate real-world clinical knowledge regarding new treatment options that have been clinically implemented.

Emission of Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds from Trees along Streets and in Urban Parks in Tokyo, Japan

Sou N. Matsunaga,Kojiro Shimada,Tatsuhiko Masuda,Junya Hoshi,Sumito Sato,Hiroki Nagashima,Hiroyuki Ueno 한국대기환경학회 2017 Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment (AJAE) Vol.11 No.1

Ozone concentration in Tokyo Metropolitan area is one of the most serious issues of the local air quality. Tropospheric ozone is formed by radical reaction including volatile organic compound (VOC) and nitrogen oxides (NOx). Reduction of the emission of reactive VOC is a key to reducing ozone concentrations. VOC is emitted from anthropogenic sources and also from vegetation (biogenic VOC or BVOC). BVOC also forms ozone through NOx and radical reactions. Especially, in urban area, the BVOC is emitted into the atmosphere with high NOx concentration. Therefore, trees bordering streets and green spaces in urban area may contribute to tropospheric ozone. On the other hand, not all trees emit BVOC which will produce ozone locally. In this study, BVOC emissions have been investigated (terpenoids: isoprene, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes) for 29 tree species. Eleven in the 29 species were tree species that did not emit BVOCs. Three in 12 cultivars for future planting (25 %) were found to emit no terpenoid BVOCs. Eight in 17 commonly planted trees (47%) were found to emit no terpenoid BVOC. Lower-emitting species have many advantages for urban planting. Therefore, further investigation is required to find the species which do not emit terpenoid BVOC. Emission of reactive BVOC should be added into guideline for the urban planting to prevent the creation of sources of ozone. It is desirable that species with no reactive BVOC emission are planted along urban streets and green areas in urban areas, such as Tokyo.

Enhancement of Filmwise Condensation Heat Transfer by Coexistence of Dropwise Condensation

Satoshi Kumagai,Ryohachi Shimada,Toshiro Takeyama,Hiroyuki Katsuda 대한기계학회 1988 KSME/JSME THERMAL and FLUID Engineering Conference Vol.1 No.1

Social Frailty Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Recommended Assessments and Implications

Hyuma Makizako,Kota Tsutsumimoto,Hiroyuki Shimada,Hidenori Arai 대한노인병학회 2018 Annals of geriatric medicine and research Vol.22 No.1

Even though social factors that determine frailty in older people contribute to adverse health outcomes, there is little consensus in terms of the definition of social frailty. Therefore, in this article we reviewed literature on social frailty and attempted to define the term. Although we found that living alone, social participation, economic hardship, and other such factors are associated with a decline in activities of daily living and increased risk of disability, we have not reached an agreement on either the most effective methods of assessing social frailty or the most effective interventional approaches to address social frailty. Further investigations are needed to define social frailty and identify effective interventions to promote active aging by focusing on the social aspects in older adults with social frailty. It would be reasonable to think that this approach will also improve physical and cognitive frailty.