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Medaka Fish Parkinson’s Disease Model
Hideaki Matsui,Roberto Gavinio,Ryosuke Takahashi2 한국뇌신경과학회 2012 Experimental Neurobiology Vol.21 No.3
The teleost fish has been widely used in creating neurodegenerative models. Here we describe the teleost medaka fish Parkinson’s disease (PD) models we developed using toxin treatment and genetic engineering. 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,4–tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), proteasome inhibitors, lysosome inhibitors and tunicamycin treatment in our model fish replicated some salient features of PD: selective dopamine cell loss and reduced spontaneous movement with the last three toxins producing inclusion bodies ubiquitously in the brain. Despite the ubiquitous distribution of the inclusion bodies, the middle diencephalic dopaminergic neurons were particularly vulnerable to these toxins, supporting the idea that this dopamine cluster is similar to the human substantia nigra. PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) homozygous mutants also showed reduced spontaneous swimming movements. These data indicate that medaka fish can serve as a new model animal of PD. In this review we summarize our previous data and discuss future prospects
( Hideaki Soya ),( Masahiro Okamoto ),( Takashi Matsui ),( Min Chul Lee ),( Koshiro Inoue ),( Shimpei Nishikawa ),( Shingo Soya ),( Takahiko Fujikawa ),( Rakwal Randeep ),( Hyuk Ki Chang ),( Takeshi N 한국운동영양학회 2011 Physical Activity and Nutrition (Phys Act Nutr) Vol.15 No.1
The brain is considered to be an organ which can be affected by conditioning or exercise, just like muscles. Exercise activates the brain and enhances several neuronal functions and may lead to several neuronal plastic changes. Neuronal c-Fos accumulation in any hypothalamic nuclei increased only with supra-LT exercise, revealing a LT-like activation pattern. In the brain stem, both supra-LT and below-LT exercise activated the VLM and NTS. In case of hippocampus, its activation was induced by under-LT exercise, which increased regional blood flow through neurovascular coupling. Thus, we found that regions of brain activation were determined differently based on exercise intensity. In the further, more research on exercise intensive is indispensable. In this paper, we reviewed: (1) Hippocampal plasticity through exercise (2) Brain region-specific differential activation patterns with exercise below and above the lactate threshold (3) Hippocampal neuronal activity induced by mild exercise below the lactate threshold: regional blood flow monitoring in the hippocampus (4) Acute mild exercise induces BDNF and short-term training causes AHN (5) Why below-LT exercise is sufficient for hippocampal plasticity (6) Hippocampal activation mechanism during exercise. In particular, based on our recent findings, our focus was directed upon exercise-induced brain activation and neurogenesis.
Namihira, Tomoyuki,Shinzato, Naoya,Akamine, Hikaru,Nakamura, Ichiro,Maekawa, Hideaki,Kawamoto, Yasuhiro,Matsui, Toru Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2011 Animal Bioscience Vol.24 No.3
To investigate the effect of nitrogen fertilization on the quality of tropical grass silage, guinea grass grown with 3 types of nitrogen fertilizers, namely, urea, ammonium sulfate, and compound fertilizer 804, at 2 fertilization levels, 0.5 and 2.5 kg $Na^{-1}$ (0.5 N and 2.5 N, respectively), was subjected to silage fermentation. Silage fertilized with 0.5 N showed butyrate-dominant fermentation, irrespective of the type of fertilizer used. On the other hand, fermentation of silage fertilized with 2.5 N was significantly affected by the type of fertilizer used; fertilization with ammonium sulfate and compound fertilizer 804 resulted in silage that contained a large amount of butyrate and no lactate; this silage was considered to be of a significantly low quality as compared with silage fertilized with 0.5 N. Among silage fertilized with 2.5 N, the desirable butyrate-free fermentation was found only in urea-fertilized silage, which had the best quality. Grass material fertilized with a high level of urea accumulated a relatively high concentration of nitrate nitrogen (0.22% dry matter). Our results presented here suggest that nitrogen fertilizer management could affect the quality of tropical grass silage and that a relatively high concentration of nitrate in silage may promote butyrate-free fermentation even in tropical grass silage.