The effect of maternal exercise and altitude training on performance in hypoxic environment: a brief review

He Long Quan,Chang Keun Kim 국민체육진흥공단 한국스포츠정책과학원 2020 International Journal of Applied Sports Sciences Vol.32 No.2

Environmental and maternal exercise experienced even during the very earliest stages of life has the potential to cause developmental changes. The growing evidence demonstrated that diverse environmental stressors affect offspring in various aspects in early stage of life and can be transmitted directly or indirectly by both parental lines. The development of normobaric hypoxic environment facilities began in recent years after athletes born and trained at high altitude continued to update their records in sports competition, especially marathons and other endurance sports. Although a large number of studies have proved the effect of hypoxic training in the field of sports science and competition, the effectiveness of this training model on exercise performance/capacity and physiological variables is still controversial. Therefore, this study makes a brief review of the papers related to this scope and attempted to understand the potential mechanism of maternal exercise in hypoxic environment on exercise performance and reduction of metabolic risk factors.

B2B 산업과 B2C 산업 간 기업의 사회적 책임 활동과 위험에 관한 연구

최금화 ( Jinhua Cui ),강상구 ( Sang Koo Kang ) 한국재무관리학회 2021 財務管理硏究 Vol.38 No.4

본 연구는 산업의 소비자 유형, 즉 개인 소비자(B2C)와 기업 소비자(B2B) 여부가 기업의 사회적 책임(CSR) 활동의 위험감소 효과에 상이한 영향을 미치는 것을 회귀분석과 고정효과 분석을 통해 분석하였다. 2006~2019년까지 한국 유가증권시장에 상장된 비금융업 회사를 분석하여 다음을 보였다. 첫째, B2B 산업의 CSR 활동은 ROA의 표준편차를 감소시키지만 B2C 산업의 CSR 활동은 ROA의 표준편차를 증가시켰다. 둘째, B2B 산업에서 CSR 활동은 주식 총위험을 감소시키는 반면, B2C 산업에서 CSR 활동의 유의한 주식 총위험 감소효과를 찾을 수 없었다. 이는 CSR 활동이 좋은 평판을 형성함으로써 위험을 감소하는 효과가 산업별로 다를 수 있음을 의미한다. 셋째, B2B 산업 내에서 CSR 활동의 위험 감소효과는 대규모기업집단 소속기업, 최대주주 지분이 높은 기업에서 더 유의하였다. 이는 B2B 산업에서 CSR 활동의 위험 감소효과가 대리인 문제에 대한 우려와 달리 잘 기능하고 있음을 시사한다. We examine whether the risk reduction role of corporate social responsibility (CSR) is different between business-to-business (B2B) industries and business-to-consumer (B2C) industries. Analyzing Korean non-financial firms listed in the KOSPI during the periods from 2006 to 2019, we find the following results. First, whilst CSR activities in the B2C industries significantly increase the standard deviation of ROA, CSR activities in the B2B industries significantly decrease the standard deviation of ROA. Second, CSR activities in the B2B industries significantly reduce the total risk of stocks but no significant relation between CSR activities in the B2C industries and total risk of stocks is found. The results imply that the risk reduction role of CSR activities could vary depending on the industries. Third, the risk reduction role of CSR activities in the B2B industry is more significant among Chaebol affiliates and firms where the largest shareholders’ ownership is greater than the median. These results indicate that CSR activities in the B2B industry is managed well regardless of the concerns from possible agency problems.

저산소 환경과 스포츠 경기력 그리고 대사성 질환

권혁용 ( He Long Quan ),선주상 ( Zhou Xiang Shan ),김영선 ( Young Seon Kim ),최재근 ( Jae Keun Choi ),김창근 ( Chang Keun Kim ) 한국체육대학교 체육과학연구소 2013 스포츠사이언스 Vol.31 No.1

저산소환경이란 대기압의 감소와 산소분압이 감소되는 현상으로 흡기 시 산소분압이 150 mmHg 이하인 조건을 의미한다. 고지환경, 즉 저산소 환경에 대한 연구는 생명과학분야에서 다양하게 중요한 주제로 연구되어 오고 있다. 특히, 스포츠분야에서는 1968년 멕시코 올림픽을 계기로 고지환경이 스포츠 경기력에 지대한 영향을 미친다는 사실과 저산소 환경에서의 적응은 일부 경기종목에 따라서는 저산소 환경에 대한 인체의 적응이 곧 경기력 향상으로 이어질 수 있는 가능성을 입증하기 위한 연구가 많이 진행되어 왔다. 해수면 환경에서 훈련하던 선수들이 갑자기 고지에서 훈련하게 되면 최대능력을 발휘하지 못할 뿐만 아니라 신체의 기능이 고지환경에 적응하기까지 최소한 1주 정도 소요된다. 최근 실내의 산소농도를 조절할 수 있는 기술을 이용하여 휴식 또는 수면시간을 해수면 수준 정상기압의 저산소환경에 노출시켜 고지훈련의 효과를 얻으려는 노력이 시도되고 있다. 고지환경에서 생활하는 동안 인체의 대사 작용이 해수면에서와의 다른 패턴이 보고되면서 부터 스포츠분야 뿐만 아니라 대사성 질환을 연구하는 분야에서도 활발히 연구가 진행되고 있다. 운동의 강도에 따라 달라질 수 있지만 운동강도가 증가 될 수 록 근육 글리코겐 농도의 감소는 비례적으로 증가되며 결과적으로 인슐린 민감도를 증가시킬 수 있다. 고 강도 간헐적운동이 당대사나 당뇨개선에 효과가 있었으나 간헐적 저 강도 운동도 저산소 환경에서 운동했을 때가 정상적인 산소농도에서 운동했을 때 보다 더 효과적이라는 연구 보고가 있다. 즉, 지속적인 운동훈련이 고강도 간헐적 운동 훈련보다 당대사 내지는 당뇨개선에 효과적인 대처방법이 될 수 있다. 저산소환경과 운동은 당대사와 지방산대사의 산화경로에 중대한 영향을 미친다. 운동과저산소 환경은 고지에서 불수위적으로 체중을 감소시키게 될 가능성이 있으나 고지환경에서의 생활이 체중감소에 미치는 영향은 아직 잘 밝혀져 있지않다. 따라서 고지환경이 체중감량에 미치는 메카니즘을 구명하는 것은 비만을 해결하는 중요한 처방으로 이용될 수도 있다. 일반적으로 고지환경이 비만인들의 체중감소를 초래할 수 있는 가능성은 기초대사량의 변화, 추위나 탈진 등과 관련시켜 고려될수 있다. 특히, 고지에서는 고산병으로 인한 식욕감퇴와 에너지섭취량이 감소가 주요 요인으로 고려되고 있다. 이 논문에서는 최근 저산소 환경과 관련되어 논의가 활발하게 이루어지고 있는 저산소 환경이 스포츠 경기력 향상에 미치는 영향뿐만 아니라 저산소 환경이 신체조성을 포함한 대사성 질환과 관련된 변인들을 선행연구 문헌을 통해 고찰하고자 한다. Hypoxic environment can be defined as a complex phenomenon with a decreased partial pressure of oxygenunder the 150mmHg during inhalation by a decreased atmospheric pressure. A various investigations which is related to a decrease oxygen tension or altitude environment has been performed in the field of life science. It has been intensively studied the relationship between hypoxia and exercise performance to prepare for Mexico Olympic Games, and ahs been performed many studies about the adaptation to hypoxia to prove the possibility of improvement of exercise performance. In recent years athletes who has been training from young age at a mild altitude (2000-3000m a.s.l.) has been leading international competitions of middle and long distance run, including marathon run. However, there has been debated whether altitude environment can modulate bodily function, especially exercise performance. Up to today various attempts has been considered to acclimatize to hypoxia efficiently, because athletes may not perform their maximal capacity during early stage of altitude adaptation, and thus recently new technique has developed to control oxygen content at sea level, in terms of normobaric hypoxia. Hypoxic facility can allow the athletes living in normobaric hypoxia and training in normobaric normoxic environment. Various investigations has been performed not only regarding on exercise performance but also on metabolic syndromes according to different response body function to hypoxia compared to normoxia, especially hypoxia has an important role in glucose and fat metabolism. Hypoxia and exercise induce to increase insulin sensitivity and epinephrine to decrease in muscle glycogen, and also does an increase in the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1a and leptin concentration to reduce body weight in voluntarily. Therefore, it is important to unravel the mechanism of body weight reduction by the exposure in hypoxic environment and thus may be suggested as a possible countermeasure to the obesity epidemics. Therefore, hypoxia and its related recent studies of exercise performance and metabolic syndromes, including obesity, glucose and fat metabolism will be included in this review.

Production of a Phage-displayed Mouse ScFv Antibody against Fumonisin B1 and Molecular Docking Analysis of Their Interactions

Zu-Quan Hu,He-Ping Li,Jin-Long Liu,Sheng Xue,An-Dong Gong,Jing-Bo Zhang,Yu-Cai Liao 한국생물공학회 2016 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.21 No.1

Fumonisins produced by Fusarium pathogens are mycotoxins present in maize and other grains in the field as well as during storage worldwide and pose a serious threat to humans and domestic animals. Fumonisin B consists of different chemotypes, and fumonisin B1 (FB1) is the most predominant fumonisin found in food/feed commodities. Recombinant antibody can be deployed to analyze the fumonisin toxicological mechanism and develop a simple and cost-effective method for the detection of fumonisins, which is vitally important for monitoring and preventing fumonisins from entering food/feed chains. In this study, FB1 conjugated to keyhole limpet hemocyanin was used to immunize mice, from which RNA was isolated to construct a recombinant antibody library. Successive panning of the library by phage display was used to select monoclonal phage clones reactive to FB1 conjugated to bovine serum albumin. Subsequent phage ELISA and sequencing analyses revealed four different reactive scFv antibodies specific to FB1. Soluble expression and ELISA analysis showed that one scFv antibody, FBMA1, had the highest reactivity and could be purified from bacterial cells in large quantities. Surface plasmon resonance measurements further revealed that the FBMA1 scFv antibody had a binding kinetics of KD = 1.89 × 10–7 M. Molecular modeling and docking analyses suggested that the FBMA1 antibody shaped a proper cavity to embed the whole FB1 molecule and that a steady-state complex was formed relying on intermolecular forces, including hydrogen bonding, electrostatic force and hydrophobic interactions. Thus, the scFv antibody can be applied for mechanistic studies of intermolecular interactions and fumonisin toxicity, and for the development of an immunoassay for fumonisin-contaminated food/feed samples.

Two pHZ1358 Derivative Vectors for Efficient Gene Knockout in Streptomyces

( Yun Long He ),( Zhi Jun Wang ),( Lin Quan Bai ),( Jing Dan Liang ),( Xiu Fen Zhou ),( Zi Xin Deng ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2010 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.20 No.4

Temporary formation of highly conducting domain walls for non-destructive read-out of ferroelectric domain-wall resistance switching memories

Jiang, Jun,Bai, Zi Long,Chen, Zhi Hui,He, Long,Zhang, David Wei,Zhang, Qing Hua,Shi, Jin An,Park, Min Hyuk,Scott, James F.,Hwang, Cheol Seong,Jiang, An Quan Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan P 2018 NATURE MATERIALS Vol.17 No.1

Erasable conductive domain walls in insulating ferroelectric thin films can be used for non-destructive electrical read-out of the polarization states in ferroelectric memories. Still, the domain-wall currents extracted by these devices have not yet reached the intensity and stability required to drive read-out circuits operating at high speeds. This study demonstrated non-destructive read-out of digital data stored using specific domain-wall configurations in epitaxial BiFeO<SUB>3</SUB> thin films formed in mesa-geometry structures. Partially switched domains, which enable the formation of conductive walls during the read operation, spontaneously retract when the read voltage is removed, reducing the accumulation of mobile defects at the domain walls and potentially improving the device stability. Three-terminal memory devices produced 14 nA read currents at an operating voltage of 5 V, and operated up to T = 85 °C. The gap length can also be smaller than the film thickness, allowing the realization of ferroelectric memories with device dimensions far below 100 nm.

Using n-Alkanes as Potential Indicators of Degradation in Alpine Meadow

Zhong-Hua DUAN,Xiao-Long QUAN,You-Ming QIAO,Hai-Kun PEI,Gui-Fang HE 한국초지조사료학회 2016 한국초지조사료학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2016 No.08

DEPDC1 is a novel cell cycle related gene that regulates mitotic progression

( Yan Mi ),( Chun Dong Zhang ),( You Quan Bu ),( Ying Zhang ),( Long Xia He ),( Hong Xia Li ),( Hui Fang Zhu ),( Yi Li ),( Yun Long Lei ),( Jiang Zhu ) 생화학분자생물학회(구 한국생화학분자생물학회) 2015 BMB Reports Vol.48 No.7

DEPDC1 is a recently identified novel tumor-related gene that is upregulated in several types of cancer and contributes to tumorigenesis. In this study, we have investigated the expression pattern and functional implications of DEPDC1 during cell cycle progression. Expression studies using synchronized cells demonstrated that DEPDC1 is highly expressed in the mitotic phase of the cell cycle. Immunofluorescence assays showed that DEPDC1 is predominantly localized in the nucleus during interphase and is redistributed into the whole cell upon nuclear membrane breakdown in metaphase. Subsequently, siRNA-mediated knockdown of DEPDC1 caused a significant mitotic arrest. Moreover, knockdown of DEPDC1 resulted in remarkable mitotic defects such as abnormal multiple nuclei and multipolar spindle structures accompanied by the upregulation of the A20 gene as well as several cell cycle-related genes such as CCNB1 and CCNB2. Taken together, our current observations strongly suggest that this novel cancerous gene, DEPDC1, plays a pivotal role in the regulation of proper mitotic progression. [BMB Reports 2015; 48(7): 413-418]

Prevalence of Spina Bifida Occulta and Its Relationship With Overactive Bladder in Middle-Aged and Elderly Chinese People

Jun Wei Wu,Yu Rong Xing,Yi Bo Wen,Tian Fang Li,Quan De Feng,Xiao Ping Shang,Yun Long Li,Jin Jin Feng,Xin Xin Wang,Rong Qun Zhai,Xiang Fei He,Tao Chen,Xin Jian Liu,Jian Guo Wen 대한배뇨장애요실금학회 2016 International Neurourology Journal Vol.20 No.2

Purpose: To investigate the prevalence of spina bifida occulta (SBO) and its relationship with the presence of overactive bladder (OAB) in middle-aged and elderly people in China. Methods: A cross-sectional community-based survey was carried out at 7 communities in Zhengzhou City, China from December 15, 2013 to June 10, 2014, where residents aged over 40 years were randomly selected to participate. All of the participants underwent lumbosacral radiographic analysis and relevant laboratory tests. A questionnaire including basic information, past medical history and present illness, and the OAB symptom score was filled out by all participants. Chi-square tests and logistic regression were used for data analysis with a P-value of <0.05 denoting statistical significance. Results: A total of 1,061 subjects were qualified for the final statistical analysis (58.8±11.7 years; male, 471 [44.4%]; female, 590 [55.6%]). The overall prevalence of SBO was 15.1% (160 of 1,061): 18.3% (86 of 471) in men and 12.5% (74 of 590) in women. Among these subjects, 13.7% (145 of 1,061) had OAB: 13.2% (62 of 471) in men and 14.1% (83 of 590) in women. The results of logistic regression showed that age, SBO, history of cerebral infarction (HCI), and constipation were risk factors for OAB (P<0.05), while sex, history of childhood enuresis (HCE), body mass index (BMI), and diabetes mellitus (DM) were not (P>0.05). In men, age, SBO, and constipation were risk factors for OAB (P<0.05), while HCE, BMI, DM, HCI, and benign prostate hyperplasia were not (P>0.05). In women, age, SBO, and HCI were risk factors for OAB (P<0.05), while HCE, BMI, DM, vaginal delivery, and constipation were not (P>0.05). Conclusions: The prevalence of SBO is high and it is related to OAB in middle-aged and elderly people in China.

Temporal and spatial impact of Spartina alterniflora invasion on methanogens community in Chongming Island, China

Xue Ping Chen,Jing Sun,Yi Wang,Heng Yang Zhang,Chi Quan He,Xiao Yan Liu,Nai Shun Bu,Xi-En Long 한국미생물학회 2018 The journal of microbiology Vol.56 No.7

Methane production by methanogens in wetland is recognized as a significant contributor to global warming. Spartina alterniflora (S. alterniflora), which is an invasion plant in China’s wetland, was reported to have enormous effects on methane production. But studies on shifts in the methanogen community in response to S. alterniflora invasion at temporal and spatial scales in the initial invasion years are rare. Sediments derived from the invasive species S. alterniflora and the native species Phragmites australis (P. australis) in pairwise sites and an invasion chronosequence patch (4 years) were analyzed to investigate the abundance and community structure of methanogens using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) cloning of the methyl-coenzyme M reductase A (mcrA) gene. For the pairwise sites, the abundance of methanogens in S. alterniflora soils was lower than that of P. australis soils. For the chronosequence patch, the abundance and diversity of methanogens was highest in the soil subjected to two years invasion, in which we detected some rare groups including Methanocellales and Methanococcales. These results indicated a priming effect at the initial invasion stages of S. alterniflora for microorganisms in the soil, which was also supported by the diverse root exudates. The shifts of methanogen communities after S. alterniflora invasion were due to changes in pH, salinity and sulfate. The results indicate that root exudates from S. alterniflora have a priming effect on methanogens in the initial years after invasion, and the predominate methylotrophic groups (Methanosarcinales) may adapt to the availability of diverse substrates and reflects the potential for high methane production after invasion by S. alterniflora.