Differential Expression of Flowering Genes between Rapid- and Slow-Cycling Brassica rapa

( Hayong Song ),( Xiangshu Dong ),( Hankuil Yi ),( Ill Sup Nou ),( Yoonkang Hur ) 한국육종학회 2016 Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Vol.4 No.2

Flowering time is a very important agronomic trait in Brassica crops and regulation of the time is one of major factor in the breeding program. To understand the control of flowering time in Brassica rapa, we have carried out Br300K microarray with two contrasting Brassica inbred lines, Rapid Cycling B. rapa (RCBr) as rapid cycling type and B. rapa ssp. pekinensis inbred line Chiifu as slow flowering phenotype. Reproductive process-related genes were specifically expressed in RCBr, whereas environmental stimuli-responsive genes in Chiifu. Flowering stimulating genes, such as BrFT and BrSOC1, were preferentially expressed in RCBr, while flowering repressing genes, such as BrFLC and BrMAF4, expressed in Chiifu. Several paralogues present in B. rapa, BrFLCs and BrCOLs, were expressed with paralog-specific pattern depending on flowering phenotypes: i.e., BrFLC1 and BrFLC2, major floral repressors, were expressed in Chiifu, BrFLCL/BrFLC5 in RCBr and BrFLC3 in both plants. The expression of several flowering repressing genes was gradually decreased in RCBr growth, but increased in Chiifu growth. However, the expression of genes involved in photoperiodic flowering was no difference between these two plants under LD and SD conditions, indicating photoperiodic pathway is not major factor to distinguish fast vs. slow flowering in B. rapa. The mechanism underlined in the rapid or fast flowering of RCBr would be further elucidated in association with the controlling mechanism of its short life span.

소규모배수로의 흐름상태를 고려한 저감시설의 설치기준 연구

송영석(Song, Youngseok),주진걸(Joo, Jingul),김하룡(Kim, Hayong),정상만(Jeong, Sangman),박무종(Park, Moojong) 한국방재학회 2020 한국방재학회논문집 Vol.20 No.6

산지지역, 도시지역 등에 설치된 배수로는 물의 공급 및 배수를 위한 다양한 역할을 하지만 저감시설이나 유지관리에 대한기준은 미흡한 실정이다. 소규모배수로의 경우 유입되는 유송잡물이 퇴적되면 통수능력부족에 따라 월류피해가 발생한다. 본 연구에서는 소규모배수로의 유송잡물 차단을 위한 저감시설을 개발하고 수리실험을 통해 포착효율을 분석하여 설치기준을고려한 산정식을 제안하였다. 다양한 실험조건을 수립하여 총 90조건, 900회의 실험을 실시하였으며 유량, Froude Number 등의 흐름상태를 고려한 저감시설의 저감효과를 분석하였다. 소규모배수로의 설치기준을 고려한 산정식을 개발하기 위해다중회귀분석을 실시하였다. 종속변수는 포착효율이며 독립변수는 유량, Froude Number, 저감시설의 한 칸의 유효단면적을적용하였다. 소규모배수로의 설치기준을 고려한 산정식은 E=1.337-5.074×Q-0.156Fᵣ-132.710A이며 유의성은 높은 것으로분석되었다. 본 연구의 결과는 소규모배수로를 대상으로 목표 포착효율에 적합한 저감시설의 적용은 가능할 것으로 예상된다. While drainage installed in mountainous and urban areas play various roles for supplying and draining water, the standards for reduction facilities and maintenance are insufficient. In the case of small drainage, if there is an inflow of deposited debris, overflow damage occurs due to lack of water supply capacity. In this study, a reduction facility was developed to block the transport of debris in a small drainage. The equation considering installation standards was proposed by analyzing capture efficiency through hydraulic experiment. By establishing various experimental conditions, a total of 900 experiments were conducted using 90 different conditions. The reduction effect of reduction facilities was analyzed by consideration of flow conditions such as discharge and Froude Number. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to develop an equation that considers the installation standard of a small drainage. The dependent variable was capture efficiency, and the independent variables were discharge, Froude Number, and an effective cross sectional area of reduction facilities. The equation considering installation standard of small drainage is E=1.337-5.074×Q-0.156Fᵣ-132.710A and the significance is high. The results of this study are expected to be applied to reduction facilities suitable for target capture efficiency targeting small drainage.

농업가뭄의 재해예측을 위한 가뭄지수 설정 연구

송영석(Song, Youngseok),주진걸(Joo, Jingul),김하룡(Kim, Hayong),정상만(Jeong, Sangman),박무종(Park, Moojong) 한국방재학회 2020 한국방재학회논문집 Vol.20 No.6

본 연구에서는 1965년부터 2018년까지 농업가뭄피해가 가장 많이 발생한 경상남도를 대상으로 재해예측을 위한 가뭄지수를설정하고자 한다. 가뭄지수는 SPI를 대상으로 지속기간(3, 6, 9, 12개월)에 대하여 분석하였으며 농업가뭄이 발생한 지속기간의피해특성을 산정하였다. 경상남도의 농업가뭄 피해기간에 대한 지속시간별 SPI는 최소 -2.0 이하, 최대 -1.0 이상으로 약한가뭄과보통가뭄이 분석되었다. 그러나 장마기간의 호우영향으로 SPI12는 평균 -1.06이며 농업가뭄의 피해영향은 미미하였다. 농업가뭄의 피해기간과 지속기간별 SPI의 상관관계는 높은 것으로 분석되었으나 피해발생을 판단하기에는 지속기간별 SPI의 차이가크지 않다. 본 연구에서는 농업가뭄의 재해예측을 위한 기준을 과거 농업가뭄의 피해발생기간에 지속기간별 SPI의 최소가뭄지수를 연도별 대표 가뭄지수로 산정하였다. 재해예측을 위한 가뭄지수의 기준은 과거 피해가 발생한 연도의 지속기간별SPI의 평균인 -1.64로 설정하였다. This study aims to establish a drought index for disaster prediction in Gyeongsangnam-do, where the most agricultural drought damage occurred from 1965 to 2018. The drought index was analyzed for each duration (3, 6, 9, 12 months) targeting the SPI. Damage characteristics of the duration of agricultural drought were calculated. SPI for each duration of agricultural drought damage period in Gyeongsangnam-do was at least -2.0 or less, and the maximum was -1.0 or more, and weak and moderate drought were analyzed. However, due to the heavy rain effect during the rainy season, the average SPI12 was -1.06, and the impact of agricultural drought was negligible. It was analyzed that the correlation between the damage period of agricultural drought and the SPI by duration was high. However, there is not much difference in SPI for each duration to determine the occurrence of damage. In this study, the criterion for disaster prediction of agricultural drought was calculated as representative drought index by year as the minimum drought index of SPI for each duration of damage occurrence period of past agricultural drought. The Standard of drought index for disaster prediction was set to -1.64, the average of the SPI for each duration of year in which damage occurred in the past.

도시특성을 고려한 홍수취약성 평가기법 개발 : 대구광역시를 대상으로

송영석(Song, Youngseok),박종표(Park, Jongpyo),김하룡(Kim, Hayong),정상만(Jeong, Sangman),박무종(Park, Moojong) 한국방재학회 2020 한국방재학회논문집 Vol.20 No.6

본 연구에서는 대구광역시를 대상으로 도시지역의 홍수취약성 평가기법을 개발하고 홍수피해에 대한 저감대책을 제공하고자한다. 홍수취약성 평가를 위한 대리변수는 기존의 선행연구와 부처에서 제공하는 DB 등을 고려하여 도시지역에 적합한대리변수를 선정하였다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 지역별 중요도를 나타내는 지역중요성 지수(RSI)와 홍수피해 자료에 대한피해가능성 지수(DPI)를 이용하여 도시지역의 홍수취약성 지수(FVI)를 제시하였다. 지역중요성 지수(RSI)는 인적요소에 인구밀도와 취약인구 비율, 물적요소에 자산밀도와 주요시설물 면적으로 4개의 대리변수를 선정하였다. 피해가능성 지수(DPI)는지형요소에 저지대 면적비와 불투수 면적비, 재해요소에 내수재해위험지구 후보지 현황과 풍수해 이력 발생 현황으로 4개의대리변수를 선정하였다. 선별된 8개의 대리변수는 승법형 효용함수를 이용하여 종합적인 도시지역의 홍수취약성 지수를산정하였다. 산정결과 대구광역시의 홍수취약성 지수는 도시 중심지역과 하천인근 지역에서 높게 평가되었다. 본 연구결과는도시지역의 홍수취약성 평가 및 저감대책수립에 활용될 것으로 기대한다. This study intends to develop a flood vulnerability assessment method and flood damage reduction measures in urban areas for Daegu Metropolitan City. The proxy variables for the flood vulnerability assessment were calculated using the previously investigated proxy variables for urban areas. The Flood Vulnerability Index (FVI) of the urban area was proposed using the Regional Significance Index (RSI), which indicates the importance of each region, and the Damage Possibility Index (DPI) for flood damage data. The RSI selected four proxy variables: population density, vulnerable population ratio, property density, and area ratio of major facilities. The DPI also selected four proxy variables: area ratio of low land, the impervious area ratio, status of domestic disaster risk district, and flood occurrence record. Eight proxy variables were selected and the FVI of urban areas calculated using multiplicative utility functions. As a result of the calculation, the FVI of Daegu Metropolitan City was found to be high in the central urban areas and by the streams. The results of this study are expected to be used for flood vulnerability assessments in urban areas and establishing flood damage reduction measures.

Molecular characterization of Arabidopsis thaliana LSH1 and LSH2 genes

Myungjin Lee,Xiangshu Dong,Hayong Song,Ju Yeon Yang,Soyun Kim,YoonkangHur 한국유전학회 2020 Genes & Genomics Vol.42 No.10

Background Arabidopsis thaliana genome encodes ten DUF640 (short for domain of unknown function 640)/ALOG (short for Arabidopsis LSH1 and Oryza G1) proteins, also known as light-dependent short hypocotyl (LSH) proteins. While some of the LSH genes regulate organ boundary determination and shade avoidance response, the function of most of these genes remains largely unknown. Objective In this study, we aimed to characterize the function of AtLSH1 and AtLSH2 in Arabidopsis. Methods We overexpressed AtLSH1 and AtLSH2 (with or without the FLAG tag) in Arabidopsis Col-0 plants under the control of the 35S promoter. We also generated knockout or knockdown lines of these genes by miRNA-induced gene silencing (MIGS). We conducted intensive phenotypic analysis of these transgenic lines, and fnally performed RNA-seq analysis of two AtLSH2 overexpression (OX) lines. Results Although AtLSH1 and AtLSH2 amino acid sequences showed high similarly, AtLSH2-OX lines showed much higher levels of their transcripts than those of AtLSH1-OX lines. Additionally, overexpression of AtLSH1 and AtLSH2 greatly inhibited hypocotyl elongation in a light-independent manner, and reduced both vegetative and reproductive growth. However, knockout or knockdown of both these AtLSH genes did not afect plant phenotype. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis of diferentially expressed genes (DEGs) identifed by RNA-seq revealed enrichment of the GO term ‘response to stimulus’, included phytohormone-responsive genes; however, genes responsible for the abnormal phenotypes of AtLSH2-OX lines could not be identifed. Conclusion Although our data revealed no close association between light and phytohormone signaling components, overexpression of AtLSH1 and AtLSH2 greatly reduced vegetative and reproductive growth of Arabidopsis plants. This property could be used to generate new plants by regulating expression of AtLSH1 and AtLSH2.

Fabrication of a Porous Copper Current Collector Using a Facile Chemical Etching to Alleviate Degradation of a Silicon-Dominant Li-ion Battery Anode

( Hongsuk Choi ),( Subin Kim ),( Hayong Song ),( Seokho Suh ),( Hyeong-jin Kim ),( Kwangsup Eom ) 한국부식방식학회 2021 Corrosion Science and Technology Vol.20 No.5

In this work, we proposed a facile method to fabricate the three-dimensional porous copper current collector (3D Cu CC) for a Si-dominant anode in a Li-ion battery (LiB). The 3D Cu CC was prepared by combining chemical etching and thermal reduction from a planar copper foil. It had a porous layer employing micro-sized Cu balls with a large surface area. In particular, it had strengthened attachment of Si-dominant active material on the CC compared to a planar 2D copper foil. Moreover, the increased contact area between a Si-dominant active material and the 3D Cu could minimize contact loss of active materials from a CC. As a result of a battery test, Si-dominant active materials on 3D Cu showed higher cyclic performance and rate-capability than those on a conventional planar copper foil. Specifically, the Si electrode employing 3D Cu exhibited an areal capacity of 0.9 mAh cm^-2 at the 300^th cycles (@ 1.0 mA cm^-2), which was 5.6 times higher than that on the 2D copper foil (0.16 mAh cm^-2).

Genome-wide analysis of heterosis-related genes in non-heading Chinese cabbage

Yi, Hankuil,Lee, Jeongyeo,Song, Hayong,Dong, Xiangshu,Hur, Yoonkang The Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology 2017 식물생명공학회지 Vol.44 No.3

Heterosis or hybrid vigor describes a phenomenon that superior phenotypes compared to the two parents are observed in the heterozygous $F_1$-hybrid plants. Identification and characterization of heterosis-related genes (HRGs) will facilitate hybrid breeding in crops. To identify HRGs in Brassica rapa, we analyzed transcriptome profiling using a Br300K microarray in non-heading Chinese cabbage at three developmental stages. A large number of genes were differentially expressed in $F_1$ hybrids and non-additive expression was prominent. Genes that are expressed specifically for $F_1$ hybrid at all three stages were Brassica-specific uncharacterized genes and several defense-related genes. Expression of several photosynthesis- and stress-related genes were also $F_1$ hybrid-specific. Thirteen NBS-LRR class genes showed high and specific expression in $F_1$ hybrid Shulu: some of them were characterized as defense genes in Arabidopsis, but most have not been. Further characterization of these defense-related genes in Brassica species and its application will be helpful for understanding the role of defense responses in heterosis. In addition, results obtained in this study will be valuable to develop molecular markers for heterosis and disease resistance in B. rapa.

Development of a Microelectronic Cooling Device using a Micro Capillary Pumped Loop

JaeYong Lee,ChongBo Kim,Hayong Yun,KyungIl Cho,HyeJung Cho,InSeob Song 대한기계학회 2001 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2001 No.3

A capillary pumped loop (CPL), which is a microfabricated capillary pressure driven heat exchange cycle, is proposed as an alternative means of microelectronics cooling. In order to investigate the behavior of the Micro-CPL system, a lumped parameter model has been newly developed. The system simulation has been conducted for the capillary evaporator, condenser and two connecting valves. Specifically, a prototype micro-CPL with 20 W/㎠ cooling capacity has been modeled and tested. From the result, the prototype has been operated successfully under the heat flux with the heat junction temperature below 100℃. Also the system simulation model has well captured the overall trend of the experimental test data. Finally, the feasibility of Micro-CPL for high power chip cooling and the usefulness of the cycle simulation model for system design have been shown from this study.

Au@TiO₂/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites for lithium-ion capacitors

Auxilia, Francis Malar,Jang, Jaewon,Jang, Kyunghoon,Song, Hayong,Ham, Moon-Ho Elsevier 2019 Chemical engineering journal Vol.362 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>To meet the overwhelming demands of next-generation energy storage devices, efforts to develop advanced electrode materials with excellent specific capacity/capacitance and cyclic durability are underway. In this study, we develop hierarchical ternary composites based on Au@TiO<SUB>2</SUB> core-shell nanoparticles anchored onto reduced graphene oxide nanosheets through a one-pot hydrothermal method. These composites can be utilized as anodes for electrochemical lithium storage. The ternary composite anodes deliver a high specific capacity of 905 mAh g<SUP>−1</SUP> at 100 mA g<SUP>−1</SUP> after 100 cycles, accompanied by good rate capability. Hybrid lithium-ion capacitors with Au@TiO<SUB>2</SUB>/reduced graphene oxide anodes and activated carbon cathodes show a maximum energy density of 110 Wh kg<SUP>−1</SUP> and power density of 11 kW kg<SUP>−1</SUP>, along with excellent capacitance retention of 83%, even after 1000 cycles. This suggests that our composites have potential as electrode materials for high-performance supercapacitors.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> A hierarchical ternary composite of Au@TiO<SUB>2</SUB>/RGO is developed. </LI> <LI> The composite consists of Au@TiO<SUB>2</SUB> core-shell nanoparticles onto RGO sheets. </LI> <LI> The composite is used as an anode for a hybrid Li-ion capacitor. </LI> <LI> The energy density of 110 Wh kg<SUP>−1</SUP> and power density of 11 kW kg<SUP>−1</SUP> are achieved. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Cerium vanadate and reduced graphene oxide composites for lithium-ion batteries

Wang, Wan Lin,Jang, Jaewon,Nguyen, Van Hiep,Auxilia, Francis Malar,Song, Hayong,Jang, Kyunghoon,Jin, En Mei,Lee, Gab-Yong,Gu, Hal-Bon,Ham, Moon-Ho Elsevier 2017 Journal of Alloys and Compounds Vol.724 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>There has been a significant interest in the development of novel anode materials that can solve the problems of lithium plating and dendrite formation during the discharge-charge process, thus ensuring safety in Li-ion batteries. We synthesized tetragonal CeVO<SUB>4</SUB> as an alternative to graphite, the active material in commercial Li-ion batteries, via a hydrothermal reaction; CeVO<SUB>4</SUB> has lower lithium insertion potentials of 1.0 and 1.5 V versus Li<SUP>+</SUP>/Li compared to those of lithium titanium oxide. In order to overcome the drawbacks of the metal oxide, such as low electrical conductivity and volume change upon cycling, CeVO<SUB>4</SUB>/RGO composites were synthesized by mixing CeVO<SUB>4</SUB> uniformly with reduced graphene oxide (RGO) via a solid-state reaction. The CeVO<SUB>4</SUB>/RGO composites exhibited improved cycling performance and rate capability, with relatively low charging potential of 1.35 V and high power density of 235 W g<SUP>−1</SUP> at 10 wt% RGO, as compared to the pure CeVO<SUB>4</SUB>. Our results suggest that the CeVO<SUB>4</SUB>/RGO composites have great potential for use as an anode in lithium ion batteries with high power density and excellent safety.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Cerium vanadate and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) composites were synthesized. </LI> <LI> CeVO<SUB>4</SUB>/RGO composites showed improved cycling performance and rate capability. </LI> <LI> CeVO<SUB>4</SUB>/RGO composites had low charging potential of 1.35 V. </LI> <LI> CeVO<SUB>4</SUB>/RGO composites exhibited high power density of 234 W g<SUP>−1</SUP>. </LI> </UL> </P>