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수학교과와 정보교과를 융합하는 코딩수학 교육과정 및 교육방법 연구
강하람 ( Kang¸ Ha Ram ),임채령 ( Lim¸ Chae Lyeong ),조한혁 ( Cho¸ Han Hyuk ) 한국수학교육학회 2021 수학교육 Vol.60 No.4
본 연구는 초·중학교 수학교과와 정보교과를 융합하는 코딩수학 교육과정과 이를 위한 최소 코딩게임 기반 교육방법에 대한 연구이다. 지난 3년간 코딩수학 교육과정과 효과적인 교육방법을 초6학년과 중1학년 학생을 대상으로 연구하였다. 1차년도 연구결과, 공간좌표의 필요성에 따라 3차원 좌표의 수학적 개념을 포함하는 코딩환경으로 교육과정을 수정하였다. 2차년도 연구결과, 명령어의 위계성에 따라 건물 요소별 다른 수준의 명령어를 도입하여 자기주도적 학습이 가능하도록 개선하였다. 3차년도 연구 결과, 컴퓨팅 사고력 향상을 유도하는 최소 코딩게임 기반의 교수·학습 전략을 설계하고, 컴퓨팅 사고력 진단을 위한 평가 및 피드백을 개발하였다. 자기주도적 학습 및 컴퓨팅 사고력 증진을 유도하는 최소 코딩게임 기반 교육방법과 코딩수학 교육과정은 수학-정보교과의 융합교육 연구와 실천에 의미가 있다. This study is a study on the coding mathematics curriculum that converges elementary and middle school mathematics and information subjects and a minimum coding game-based education method for this. For the past 3 years, the coding mathematics curriculum and educational methods to effectively operate the curriculum were studied by applying them to 6th graders of elementary school and 1st graders of middle school. As a result of the first year of research, the coding mathematics curriculum was modified to a coding environment including the mathematical concept of a three-dimensional coordinate space, and the three-dimensional object was improved to be output as a real 3D print. As a result of the 2nd year study, it was improved so that even low-level students can build buildings by introducing different level commands for each component of the building so that self-directed learning is possible. As a result of the 3rd year study, a teaching-learning strategy based on a minimal coding game was designed to induce an increase in the level of computational thinking, and evaluation and feedback for diagnosing computational thinking were developed. Educational methods to promote self-directed learning and computing thinking ability, and researched coding mathematics curriculum are meaningful for the research and practice of the convergence education of school mathematics and informatics.
The Sound of Silence: The Idea of Pure Language in W. S. Merwin’s Later Poetry
( Haram Lee ) 한국영어영문학회 2020 영어 영문학 Vol.66 No.3
This paper traces W. S. Merwin’s representations of silence as a source of communicative power, with a focus toward his later poems (published after 2000). These poems, especially those in The Shadow of Sirius (2009), often depict what Walter Benjamin would call pure language: linguistic form that generates the power of communication by virtue of its silence or ineffability. Merwin registers this negative productivity of language in the Benjaminian sense when he describes a primary linguistic entity that founds speech without being spoken―such as a sigh, in “Utterance,” ancient words, in “To the Words,” “one long syllable” in “Glassy Sea,” and “the first sound” in “The Long and the Short of It.” Further, Merwin’s poems in Sirius seem to investigate language’s originary relationship with silence by employing recurring motifs such as the trace of a song and the sounds of silence thereafter. In “Grace Note,” “Calling a Distant Animal,” “The Laughing Thrush,” and other poems in this collection, Merwin portrays vanishing sounds that seem to also empower speech. Silence in his later poetry can be read not so much as a negative phenomenon indicating the limits of language or the abyss of subjectivity, as some critics have previously suggested. This paper takes an alternative view, and argues that Merwin’s silence instead entails a dialectic of absence and presence, negativity and productivity, because it embodies a pure linguistic form that enables words to mean something by lacking meaning in themselves. In short, Merwin’s silence can be read as constituting the communicable essence of language.
“The Ghost of a Fact”: The Crisis of Fictionality in Lord Jim
( Haram Lee ) 한국근대영미소설학회 2020 근대 영미소설 Vol.27 No.1
This paper examines a meta-critique of imperialism in Joseph Conrad’s Lord Jim by analyzing the relationship between fictionality, displacement, and trauma in the novel. As critics have noted, Lord Jim appropriates racialized stereotypes of Westerners and the Other. Yet the novel not only represents colonialist ideals or narrative forms, but also registers their fictionality. Conrad’s novel depicts such virtues as truthfulness, honor, courage, and strength that are commonly attributed to white sailors in eastern ports like Jim. In doing so, Conrad registers the ways in which the ideals of virtuous Westerners amount to fictions in the sense that modern literary historians understand them: they are narratives that gain validity solely by virtue of their credibility. Moreover, the fictions of Western superiority, Conrad suggests, have ambivalent effects on imperialist rule. If these narratives serve to justify and maintain Western hegemony around the globe, they also threaten it by generating anxiety and trauma due to their fictionality. The Patna accident and Jim’s romance instantiate the perils of imperialist fictions, for both provoke a traumatic experience of self-loss and self-doubt for all those who believe in white people’s virtue and honor. By examining Conrad’s critical engagement with fictionality, I propose in the conclusion to read Lord Jim as a naturalist novel that exemplifies compulsion to narrate.