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- 저자 : ( Haram Lee ) (검색결과 62 건)
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Lee, Seungjoon,Lee, Eunee,Kim, Ryunhee,Kim, Jihye,Lee, Suho,Park, Haram,Yang, Esther,Kim, Hyun,Kim, Eunjoon Frontiers Media S.A. 2018 Frontiers in molecular neuroscience Vol.11 No.-
<P>Shank2 is an abundant postsynaptic scaffolding protein implicated in neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders, including autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Deletion of <I>Shank2</I> in mice has been shown to induce social deficits, repetitive behaviors, and hyperactivity, but the identity of the cell types that contribute to these phenotypes has remained unclear. Here, we report a conditional mouse line with a <I>Shank2</I> deletion restricted to parvalbumin (PV)-positive neurons (<I>Pv-Cre;Shank2</I><SUP>fl/fl</SUP> mice). These mice display moderate hyperactivity in both novel and familiar environments and enhanced self-grooming in novel, but not familiar, environments. In contrast, they showed normal levels of social interaction, anxiety-like behavior, and learning and memory. Basal brain rhythms in <I>Pv-Cre;Shank2</I><SUP>fl/fl</SUP> mice, measured by electroencephalography, were normal, but susceptibility to pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizures was decreased. These results suggest that <I>Shank2</I> deletion in PV-positive neurons leads to hyperactivity, enhanced self-grooming and suppressed brain excitation.</P>
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( Haram Kong ),( Do-won Jeong ),( Namwon Kim ),( Sugyeong Lee ),( Sooyoung Sul ),( Jong-hoon Lee ) 한국미생물생명공학회 2022 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.32 No.4
We evaluated the antibiotic susceptibilities, hemolytic activities, and technological properties of 36 Staphylococcus xylosus strains and 49 S. pseudoxylosus strains predominantly isolated from fermented soybean foods from Korea. Most of the strains were sensitive to chloramphenicol, erythromycin, gentamycin, kanamycin, lincomycin, oxacillin, tetracycline, and trimethoprim. However, 23 strains exhibited potential phenotypic acquired resistance to erythromycin, lincomycin, and tetracycline. Based on breakpoint values for staphylococci from the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, >30% of the isolates were resistant to ampicillin and penicillin G, but the population distributions in minimum inhibitory concentration tests were clearly different from those expected for acquired resistance. None of the strains exhibited clear α- or β-hemolytic activity. S. xylosus and S. pseudoxylosus exhibited salt tolerance on agar medium containing 20% and 22% (w/v) NaCl, respectively. S. xylosus and S. pseudoxylosus strains possessed protease and lipase activities, which were affected by the NaCl concentration. Protease activity of S. pseudoxylosus was strain-specific, but lipase activity might be a characteristic of both species. This study confirms the potential of both species for use in high-salt soybean fermentation, but the safety and technological properties of strains must be determined to select suitable starter candidates.
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Lee, Sang Jin,Kim, Mi Eun,Nah, Haram,Seok, Ji Min,Jeong, Myung Ho,Park, Kwangsung,Kwon, Il Keun,Lee, Jun Sik,Park, Su A Elsevier 2019 JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE - Vol.537 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Currently, there is a great clinical demand for biocompatible and robust tissue-engineered tubular scaffolds for use as artificial vascular graft materials. Despite considerable research on vascular scaffolds, there has still been only limited development of scaffold materials possessing both sufficient mechanical strengths and biological effects for vascular application. In this work, we designed a mechanically robust, bilayered scaffold and manufactured it by combining electrospinning (ELSP) and three-dimensional (3D) printing techniques. This material was coated with polydopamine (PDA) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was grafted directly on the scaffold surface to induce potent angiogenic activity. We confirmed that the coated-PDA layer was evenly deposited on the bare polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffold and could enable abundant VEGF immobilization with enhanced hydrophilicity. The VEGF immobilized porous tubular scaffold was well prepared without mechanical weakness induced by surface modification steps. During <I>in vitro</I> and <I>in vivo</I> testing, VEGF immobilized scaffolds elicited markedly enhanced vascular cell proliferation and angiogenic differentiation, as compared to non-treated groups. These results demonstrate that the developed scaffolds may represent an innovative paradigm in vascular tissue engineering by inducing angiogenesis as a means of remodeling and healing vascular defects for use in restorative procedures.</P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
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“The Ghost of a Fact”: The Crisis of Fictionality in Lord Jim
( Haram Lee ) 한국근대영미소설학회 2020 근대 영미소설 Vol.27 No.1
This paper examines a meta-critique of imperialism in Joseph Conrad’s Lord Jim by analyzing the relationship between fictionality, displacement, and trauma in the novel. As critics have noted, Lord Jim appropriates racialized stereotypes of Westerners and the Other. Yet the novel not only represents colonialist ideals or narrative forms, but also registers their fictionality. Conrad’s novel depicts such virtues as truthfulness, honor, courage, and strength that are commonly attributed to white sailors in eastern ports like Jim. In doing so, Conrad registers the ways in which the ideals of virtuous Westerners amount to fictions in the sense that modern literary historians understand them: they are narratives that gain validity solely by virtue of their credibility. Moreover, the fictions of Western superiority, Conrad suggests, have ambivalent effects on imperialist rule. If these narratives serve to justify and maintain Western hegemony around the globe, they also threaten it by generating anxiety and trauma due to their fictionality. The Patna accident and Jim’s romance instantiate the perils of imperialist fictions, for both provoke a traumatic experience of self-loss and self-doubt for all those who believe in white people’s virtue and honor. By examining Conrad’s critical engagement with fictionality, I propose in the conclusion to read Lord Jim as a naturalist novel that exemplifies compulsion to narrate.
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Happiness and the Interiority of the Body in Wordsworth’s Home at Grasmere
Haram Lee 19세기영어권문학회 2021 19세기 영어권 문학 Vol.25 No.1
This article reconsiders the Romantic conception of subjectivity by examining the representation of the body and self-consciousness in Williams Wordsworth’s Home at Grasmere. For many critics, this poem illustrates the transcendental self that incorporates the external world within the mind. I challenge this idealistic interpretation of the poem, elucidating the dialectical relationship between sensibility and interiority through the lens of Emmanuel Levinas. In the poem, Wordsworth delineates an alternative route toward subjectivity, which involves not so much the mind’s intellectual powers as the body’s affective capacity, when he represents himself as the embodied subject in the Levinasian sense. As I explore such issues as sensibility, happiness, possession, forgetting, the anxiety of death, and the ambiguity of thinking, the poet maintains an equivocal relationship with nature, which can be characterized by immanence and separation. On the one hand, the poet eats, sees, smells, and feels, mixing his body with natural elements. Living as “a hungry stomach” (Levinas), he immerses himself in the natural cycle of vital force, and enjoys living in and on gentle nature that nourishes him. On the other hand, the poet in enjoyment suspends immanent engagement with nature, thereby developing consciousness and the sense of self. In feeling content, he separates himself from the world and becomes the “Lord of this enjoyment.” Wordsworth thus demonstrates how the body serves as the locus of interiority and subjectivity. For Wordsworth, as for Levinas, the body turns out to be to a dual existence: the body-in-the-world and the body-as-consciousness. In the conclusion, I revisit the famous metaphor of the marriage of the mind and nature in the poem, suggesting that this Levinasian reading of the poem helps to revise the idealistic paradigm of Wordsworth and Romantic criticism.
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The Sound of Silence: The Idea of Pure Language in W. S. Merwin’s Later Poetry
( Haram Lee ) 한국영어영문학회 2020 영어 영문학 Vol.66 No.3
This paper traces W. S. Merwin’s representations of silence as a source of communicative power, with a focus toward his later poems (published after 2000). These poems, especially those in The Shadow of Sirius (2009), often depict what Walter Benjamin would call pure language: linguistic form that generates the power of communication by virtue of its silence or ineffability. Merwin registers this negative productivity of language in the Benjaminian sense when he describes a primary linguistic entity that founds speech without being spoken―such as a sigh, in “Utterance,” ancient words, in “To the Words,” “one long syllable” in “Glassy Sea,” and “the first sound” in “The Long and the Short of It.” Further, Merwin’s poems in Sirius seem to investigate language’s originary relationship with silence by employing recurring motifs such as the trace of a song and the sounds of silence thereafter. In “Grace Note,” “Calling a Distant Animal,” “The Laughing Thrush,” and other poems in this collection, Merwin portrays vanishing sounds that seem to also empower speech. Silence in his later poetry can be read not so much as a negative phenomenon indicating the limits of language or the abyss of subjectivity, as some critics have previously suggested. This paper takes an alternative view, and argues that Merwin’s silence instead entails a dialectic of absence and presence, negativity and productivity, because it embodies a pure linguistic form that enables words to mean something by lacking meaning in themselves. In short, Merwin’s silence can be read as constituting the communicable essence of language.
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정상성의 생명정치 : 윌리엄 워즈워스의 『서곡』 다시 읽기
이하람 ( Lee Haram ) 영미문학연구회 2020 안과 밖 Vol.0 No.49
This article examines William Wordsworth’s critique of normativity in the context of emerging biopolitics in Romantic-era Britain. In The Prelude, Wordsworth criticizes what can be called a “biopolitical” attempt to normalize the able body by investigating the problems of embodied subjectivity. If emerging biopower in the late eighteenth century operates to control populations to maximize their labor force, as Michel Foucault suggests, it does so by distinguishing between those who can perform simple, mechanical labor and those who cannot, and by defining the former (so-called the “able-bodied”) as normal and the latter (the “disabled-bodied”) as abnormal. I argue that Wordsworth’s The Prelude provides critical insights into the bodily subject that biopower seeks to normalize, demonstrating its potentials and limits through his depiction of natural man. In this autobiographical poem, Wordsworth portrays above all the poet himself as a natural man in an ambivalent or “paradoxical” sense: he is described to oscillate between two contrary states, between a simple natural creature reduced to its physicality and a full-fledged, human subject capable of thinking. Wordsworth registers this ambivalence of the natural man as such when he describes his alter-ego, the Boy of Winander, in Book 5. This wild boy running around in the mountains appears to be an animalistic existence like Wordsworth’s own childhood self, and yet he somehow develops self-consciousness, albeit only temporarily. Moreover, Wordsworth attributes the natural man’s self-transformative power to his body, especially to its affective capacity. As he traces the “growth of the poet’s mind,” Wordsworth becomes the Poet, an individual with exceptional sensibility and intelligence, by readjusting his relationship to his own body. He illustrates this corporeal aspect of his “growth”in his visions after the ascent of Mount Snowdon in Book 13. Once the “naked savage,” Wordsworth now (re)gains a capacity for thinking by reinforcing the body’s affective capacity, or what he terms Imagination: a power for producing a self-reflective feeling. In portraying natural man in The Prelude, Wordsworth then rethinks the normative body in the age of biopolitics: it resides within a spectrum that oscillates between a living body and a thinking body.
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