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Han Sol,Song Sung Wook,Hong Hansol,김우정,강영준,Park Chang Bae,Kang Jeong Ho,Bu Ji Hwan,이성근,Ko Seo Young,이수훈,Kang Chul-Hoo 대한응급의학회 2023 Clinical and Experimental Emergency Medicine Vol.10 No.2
Objective: This study investigated the hospital diagnoses and characteristics of uncooperative prehospital patients suspected of acute stroke who could not undergo a prehospital stroke screening test (PHSST). Methods: This retrospective observational study was conducted at a single academic hospital with a regional stroke center. We analyzed three scenario-based prehospital stroke screening performances using the final hospital diagnoses: (1) a conservative approach only in patients who underwent the PHSST, (2) a real-world approach that considered all uncooperative patients as screening positive, and (3) a contrapositive approach that all uncooperative patients were considered as negative. Results: Of the 2,836 emergency medical services (EMS)-transported adult patients who met the prehospital criteria for suspicion of acute stroke, 486 (17.1%) were uncooperative, and 570 (20.1%) had a confirmed final diagnosis of acute stroke. The diagnosis in the uncooperative group did not differ from that in the cooperative group (22.0% vs. 19.7%, P=0.246). The diagnostic performances of the PHSST in the conservative approach were as follows: 79.5% sensitivity (95% confidence interval [CI], 75.5%–83.1%), 90.2% specificity (95% CI, 88.8%–91.6%), and 0.849 area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC; 95% CI, 0.829–0.868). The sensitivity and specificity were 83.3% (95% CI, 80.0%–86.3%) and 75.2% (95% CI, 73.3%–76.9%), respectively, in the real-world approach and 64.6% (95% CI, 60.5%–68.5%) and 91.9% (95% CI, 90.7%–93.0%), respectively, in the contrapositive approach. No significant difference was evident in the AUC between the real-world approach and the contrapositive approach (0.792 [95% CI, 0.775–0.810] vs. 0.782 [95% CI, 0.762–0.803], P>0.05). Conclusion: We found overestimation (false positive) and underestimation (false negative) in the uncooperative group depending on the scenario-based EMS stroke screening policy for uncooperative prehospital patients suspected of acute stroke.
A Case Study of DPRK’s Illicit Trade Based on a UN Panel of Experts Report
Hansol Ko,Chansuh Lee 한국방사성폐기물학회 2023 한국방사성폐기물학회 학술논문요약집 Vol.21 No.1
This study examined the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK)’s illegal trade in UNsanctioned items as revealed in the UN panel of experts report in order to estimate the types of illegal trade in nuclear items, one of the UN-sanctioned prohibited items, and to find efficient ways to block it. Also, The research revealed that DPRK secretly imports UN-sanctioned prohibited items without going through customs through maritime transshipment, conceals or disguises them through identity laundering by falsifying documents at customs clearance, and makes various attempts to escape the international community’s surveillance, such as using a combination of methods such as Re-Flagged and Double-Flagged for identity laundering, and concealing them without operating the Automatic Identification System (AIS) at sea. The DPRK’s Illicit trade cases have been divided into two types of transactions: those that violate customs clearance procedures by providing false information to customs through disguise or concealment, and those that do not go through normal customs procedures, such as smuggling. To block customs violations, technical measures such as increasing the number of inspections of container ships or improving the accuracy of inspections are required, while to block smuggling, since it does not go through physical inspections, there are ways to monitor it through satellite images or strengthen border enforcement such as airport bays and land routes. As a result, DPRK’s nuclear items are designated as sanctioned items under UN resolutions, and it is assumed that DPRK and its networks will attempt to trade illegally through a combination of customs clearance violations and non-customs clearance violations, depending on the circumstances. Furthermore, since DPRK is subject to extensive sanctions from the international community, including the UN, in connection with its nuclear weapons program, illegal trade continues, and efforts should be made to block illegal trade through physical inspection at customs clearance.
An Analysis of DPRK’s WMD Programs and Sanctions Evasion Activities
Hansol Ko,Chansuh Lee 한국방사성폐기물학회 2023 한국방사성폐기물학회 학술논문요약집 Vol.21 No.2
The Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK) has been exporting weapons of mass destruction (WMD) to the volatile Middle East and Africa. It is expecting that military illicit activities would isolate DPRK economically, as it has been placed on multiple sanctions lists, including UN sanctions, multilateral export control regime sanctions, and country-specific sanctions. However, DPRK funds its WMD programs through various sanctions evasion activities. DPRK’s primary sanctions evasion activities include obtaining foreign currency, acquiring dualuse or restricted technology, smuggling, and money laundering, which are global in scope. This study analyzes the sanctions evasion activities used by DPRK to acquire economic, material, and technological resources for its WMD program and devises ways to disrupt these evasions effectively. First, the international community should strengthen export controls by encouraging states with weak export control regimes to join international organizations and conventions to limit DPRK arms and technology exports. Second, states should improve their intelligence gathering and analysis capabilities by sharing information on DPRK’s evasion activities and working together. This will help identify and counter DPRK’s evasion techniques and networks. Third, the international community should strengthen cooperation on DPRK’s evasion efforts. This can be done by strengthening cooperation with states and entities that enforce international sanctions and by working with relevant agencies such as customs, immigration, and police to track and interdict the movement of funds and assets used for evasion. Fourth, publicize DPRK’s illicit activities and apply diplomatic pressure. Diplomatic pressure can lead to more states and entities to enforce sanctions. In conclusion, these strategies are expected to deter DPRK’s illicit activities; but to sanction DPRK effectively, it is essential to continue to adjust and refine the strategies in response to DPRK’s evolving sanctions evasion efforts. The results of this research are expected to prevent WMD proliferation through DPRK by blocking or reducing the risk of sanctions evasion.
Ko, Sunggeon,Jun, Sung-Hoon,Bae, Hansol,Byun, Jung-Sue,Han, Woong,Park, Heeyoung,Yang, Seong Wook,Park, Sam-Yong,Jeon, Young Ho,Cheong, Chaejoon,Kim, Woo Taek,Lee, Weontae,Cho, Hyun-Soo Oxford University Press 2008 Nucleic acids research Vol.36 No.8
<P>Telomeres are protein–DNA elements that are located at the ends of linear eukaryotic chromosomes. In concert with various telomere-binding proteins, they play an essential role in genome stability. We determined the structure of the DNA-binding domain of NgTRF1, a double-stranded telomere-binding protein of tobacco, using multidimensional NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. The DNA-binding domain of NgTRF1 contained the Myb-like domain and C-terminal Myb-extension that is characteristic of plant double-stranded telomere-binding proteins. It encompassed amino acids 561–681 (NgTRF1<SUP>561–681</SUP>), and was composed of 4 α-helices. We also determined the structure of NgTRF1<SUP>561–681</SUP> bound to plant telomeric DNA. We identified several amino acid residues that interacted directly with DNA, and confirmed their role in the binding of NgTRF1 to telomere using site-directed mutagenesis. Based on a structural comparison of the DNA-binding domains of NgTRF1 and human TRF1 (hTRF1), NgTRF1 has both common and unique DNA-binding properties. Interaction of Myb-like domain with telomeric sequences is almost identical in NgTRF1<SUP>561–681</SUP> with the DNA-binding domain of hTRF1. The interaction of Arg-638 with the telomeric DNA, which is unique in NgTRF1<SUP>561–681</SUP>, may provide the structural explanation for the specificity of NgTRF1 to the plant telomere sequences, (TTTAGGG)<SUB>n</SUB>.</P>
RNN-LSTM 기반 공휴일 정보를 고려한 단기 전력수요예측
김한솔(Hansol Kim),송형찬(Hyungchan Song),고석갑(Seok-Kap Ko),이병탁(Byung-Tak Lee),신종원(Jong Won Shin) 대한전자공학회 2016 대한전자공학회 학술대회 Vol.2016 No.11
Daily electricity demand and its fluctuation have increased by abrupt climate change and excessive use of air conditioning and these has affected to forecast the short-term electricity load. Also, the electricity load pattern learning is disturbed by holidays that cause sudden the electricity demand reduction. We proposed the feature extraction algorithm for demand reduction in holidays and implemented the RNN-LSTM (Recurrent Neural Network-Long Short Term Memory) based forecasting. The results were compared with the forecasting performance of SARIMA (Seasonal Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average). The comparative result shows that RNN-LSTM outperforms SARIMA.
Moon, Hansol,Noh, Woo Chul,Kim, Hyun-Ah,Kim, Eun-Kyu,Park, Ko Woon,Lee, Seung Sook,Choi, Joon Ho,Han, Kyung Woo,Byun, Byung Hyun,Lim, Ilhan,Kim, Byung Il,Choi, Chang Woon,Lim, Sang Moo The Korea Society of Nuclear Medicine 2016 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.50 No.3
Purpose This study investigates the correlation of retention index (RI) using the dual phase FDG PET/CT scan with the breast cancer biomarkers. Methods A total of 55 patients with breast cancer underwent dual phase FDG PET/CT scans (60 and 120 min after FDG injection) before treatment. SUVmax and SUVmean of the primary breast tumors were measured, then the percent change of SUVmax and SUVmean between the two scans were calculated, and denoted as RImax and RImean, respectively. After the surgical resection of the breast tumor, the status of biomarkers (ER, PR, and HER-2) was evaluated in the postsurgical specimen. Results RImean was significantly higher in ER (-) (median, 16.2; IQR, 10.8-21.0) or HER-2 (+) (median, 16.1; IQR, 10.7-21.6) tumors than in ER (+) tumors (median, 9.9; IQR, 5.5-15.3) or HER-2 (-) tumors (median, 10.5; IQR, 5.5-16.1). However, there were no significant differences of SUVmax or RImax according to the ER or HER-2 status. There were no significant differences of any PET parameters between PR (+) and PR (-) tumors. Based off ROC curve analyses, RImean predicted the ER (+) tumors (AUC, 0.699; p = 0.006), and HER-2 (+) tumors (AUC, 0.674; p = 0.022), but not the PR (+) tumors. However, neither SUVmax nor RImax predicted ER (+), PR (+), or HER-2 (+) tumors. Conclusions Retention index of SUVmean can reflect the ER and HER-2 status of breast cancers. Higher retention index of SUVmean might associate with lower ER expression and higher HER-2 expression.